Bone Mineral Density in an Urban Hospital in Dhaka City of Bangladesh

Background: Osteoporosis behaves as a silent killer. Therefore, a high percentage of the affected people are not aware they have this chronic condition. In this way, the burden of osteoporosis is the burden of its clinical outcome: osteoporotic fractures, which are generally characterized by low-trauma fractures resulting from low bone mineral density (BMD). Objectives: The present study aimed to assess BMD distribution among urban and rural subjects and its relationship with key foods.Material & Methods:In this study, a total of 140 subjects were studied from the study BMD lab of the study hospital. Data were analyzed using Mean, SD, % and correlation by SPSS 24.Results:Mean盨D value of age (yr), BMI, WHR, Lumber-T score, Lumber-BMD, Right Femur -T score, Right Femur-BMD, Left Femur-T score, Left Femur-BMD, Supplementation of the study participants were 54�, 25� 1.0�25, -1.0�0, 1.0�2, -1� 1�2, -1� 1�15.Age (yrs), BMI, waist (cm), hip (cm), WHR, Lumber T-score, Lumber Z-score, Lumber BMD (g/cm�), Rt. Fem Neck T-score,Rt. Fem Neck Z-score, Rt. Fem Neck BMD (g/cm�), Lt. Fem Neck T-score,Lt. Fem Neck Z-score, Lt. Fem Neck BMD (g/cm�) of the urban study participants were 51�, 30� 88�, 95�, 1�, -1.6�6, -1�6, 0.9�2, -0.9�3, -0.2�9, 0.9�2, -1�2, -0.3� 0.8�1 respectively and for rural participants the values were 54�, 25�5, 86� 92�, 1�2, -2.4�5, 0.8�2, -1.5�3, -0.6� 0.7�2, -1.6�2, -0.7�and 0.8�respectively. About 48.18% rural subjects had osteoporosis, 34.54% had osteopenia and 17.27% had normal bone health. Again, 28.57% of the urban subjects had osteoporosis, 41.40% had osteopenia and 30% had normal bone density. Fish, egg and meat were associated with BMD. Fish intake had a positive association with lumber T score (r=0.194, p=0.009), LumZ (r=0.016, p=0.031), Lumber BMD (r=0.183, p=0.014). Milk intake has positive association with Lumber t and Lumber BMD (p=0.027, 0.049). Similarly, egg intake has positive association with Lumber BMD, Rt BMD, Lt BMD (p= 0.035, 0.01, 0.019).Conclusions:Nearly 48.18% rural subjects have osteoporosis, 34.54% have osteopenia and 17.27% have normal bone health. Again, 28.57% urban subjects have osteoporosis, 41.40% have osteopenia and 30% have normal bone density. The prevalence of osteoporosis is higher in rural area than urban peopleand osteopenia is higher in urban area than rural area. Fish, milk and egg consumption positivelyassociated with BMD.

Clinical Study on Osteoporosis Treated by Taoshi Jiangu Decoction / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Taoshi Jiangu Decoction for osteoporosis(OP). Methods A total of 120 cases of OP patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group ,60 cases in each group. Patients in the treatment group were treated with Taoshi Jiangu Decoction orally,and those in the control group were treated with Caltrate D and Alendronate Sodium Tablets orally. Four weeks constituted one treatment course, and the treatment for the two groups covered 3 courses. The therapeutic effect of the two groups was evaluated by the changes of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,urine hydroxyproline (U-HYP),serum bone Gla-protein (BGP or osteocalcin),serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP),urine calcium (U-Ca),tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), bone mass density(BMD) and quantitative CT(QCT) before and after treatment. Results (1)After treatment, the TCM syndrome scores of the two groups were decreased(P<0.05 compared with those before treatment),and the decrease in the treatment group was superior to that of the control group (P < 0.05). (2)After treatment,the levels of bone formation indexes of ALP and BGP were increased,and the levels of bone resorption indexes of U-HYP,U-Ca and TRAP were decreased in the two groups (P<0.05 compared with those before treatment). The effects of the treatment group were superior to those of the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P < 0.05).(3)After treatment,BMD of lumbar vertebrae 2-4 (L2-L4),neck of femur,Wards triangle and trochanter of femur,and QCT values of left neck of femur were obviously increased in the two groups (P < 0.05 compared with those before treatment). The treatment group showed stronger effect on increasing BMD and QCT values than the control group, the difference being statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Taoshi Jiangu Decoction can restrain bone absorption , promote bone formation and increase BMD, showing certain therapeutic effect for OP.

Correlation between serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D and bone mineral density in preterm infants / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective To analyze the reasonable and suitable level of serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D [25 (OH) D] and Vitamin D(Vit D) supplement of premature infants born less than 32 weeks in the neo-natal intensive care unit. Methods For eligible premature infants hospitalized in our department from March 2016 to December 2017,Vit D 900 IU/d was supplemented one week after birth under the conditions of es-tablishing enteral feeding. The selected cases were divided into two groups based on different blood concentra-tion of serum 25(OH)D at four weeks after birth,for 38 cases≥25 ng/ml as group A and 24 cases 15 to 25 ng/ml as group B. Their bone mass density( BMD) were tested at correct gestational age of 40 weeks and compared with 40 term infants as control group at the same period. Results The serum concentrations of 25(OH) D in group A were (29.23 ±3.08)ng/ml at 4 weeks and (35.13 ±4.67)ng/ml at 8 weeks after birth respectively. At correct gestational age of 40 weeks,13. 2％(5/38) cases demonstrated the lower BMD. The serum concentrations of 25(OH) D in group B were (20. 12 ± 3. 95)ng/ml at 4 weeks and (22. 36 ± 4. 82)ng/ml at 8 weeks after birth respectively. At correct gestational age of 40 weeks,75. 0％(18/24) cases demonstrated the lower BMD. The differences between group A and control group were not statistically sig-nificant(χ2 =0. 06,P>0. 05),and differences between group B and control group were statistically signifi-cant(χ2 =25. 45,P<0. 001). Conclusion Premature should be given Vit D 900 IU/day or more with rea-sonable and sufficient calcium and phosphorus to maintain their concentration of serum 25(OH)D at about 29. 23 ng/ml and re-check their concentration of serum 25 ( OH) D every four weeks.

Clinical correlations between chronic hepatitis C infection and decreasing bone mass density after treatment with interferon-alpha

Objective: To compare the bone mass density in chronic hepatitis patients before and after interferon-a treatment. Methods: A total of 70 patients with chronic hepatitis C were treated with interferon-a and were evaluated. The treatment dosage was three million IU three times a week for one year. All the patients underwent bone mass density detection at lumbar spine and femoral neck before and after the interferon-a treatment. All the necessary information such as age, sex, and laboratory test, history of occurrence of fractures, lifestyle, and menopause status was collected by interviewers face-to-face from participants at the research visit. Smoking was categorized by whether participants were nonsmokers or smokers. Menopause was designated if there had been complete cessation of menses for more than 12 months. All statistical analyses were performed by SPSS version 14 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Among 70 patients, 52%were male, 48%were female and the mean age was (57.0 ± 9.6) years (range: 24–79). Twenty-nine percent of the patients had a history of smoking. The mean body mass index was (24.4 ± 3.6) kg/m2 (range:18.4–35.3). Of the 70 cases, 21 had high fibrosis-4. The prevalence of overall fracture history was 2.9%(two patients). Conclusions: Chronic hepatitis C virus infection did increase the risk of development of metabolic bone disease in this cohort. Indeed, greater reduction of bone mass density occurs in advanced liver fibrosis. The bone loss in earlier stages of chronic hepatitis C infection is likely to result from increased bone reduction rather than decreased bone formation. Overall, these observations suggest an important role for chronic hepatitis C virus infection in increased bone turnover in osteodystrophy pathogenesis.

Clinical correlations between chronic hepatitis C infection and decreasing bone mass density after treatment with interferon-alpha

Objective To compare the bone mass density in chronic hepatitis patients before and after interferon-α treatment. Methods A total of 70 patients with chronic hepatitis C were treated with interferon-α and were evaluated. The treatment dosage was three million IU three times a week for one year. All the patients underwent bone mass density detection at lumbar spine and femoral neck before and after the interferon-α treatment. All the necessary information such as age, sex, and laboratory test, history of occurrence of fractures, lifestyle, and menopause status was collected by interviewers face-to-face from participants at the research visit. Smoking was categorized by whether participants were nonsmokers or smokers. Menopause was designated if there had been complete cessation of menses for more than 12 months. All statistical analyses were performed by SPSS version 14 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results Among 70 patients, 52% were male, 48% were female and the mean age was (57.0 ± 9.6) years (range: 24–79). Twenty-nine percent of the patients had a history of smoking. The mean body mass index was (24.4 ± 3.6) kg/m

Screening of bone mineral density by densitometer and correlation with serum calcium and vitamin D levels to detect early osteoporotic changes in postmenopausal women in slum areas of Raipur and Kalupur of Ahmedabad.

Background: Osteoporosis is a rising health difficulty, which is renowned in both developed and developing countries. It is linked with considerable morbidity and socio-economic burden worldwide. Various factors are responsible for osteoporosis such as race, family history, body weight, estrogen deficiency (menopause), low calcium intake, and many others. The present study was aimed to early prediction and evaluates the prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women of slum area of Ahmedabad (Raipur and Kalupur). Methods: The prospective, single-center study included 230 postmenopausal women. Baseline demographic characteristics were recorded using standard pre-designed case record form. Eligible patients according to inclusion and exclusion criteria were underwent for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan to measure bone mass density at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and hip bone. Laboratory investigations such as serum calcium and serum vitamin D were performed according to standard procedure. Prediction for early detection of osteopenia and osteoporosis was evaluated based on T-score (DEXA scan). Results: The overall prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis were found 28.69% and 44.34%, respectively. Prevalence of osteoporosis was found higher (50.72%) in study population belongs to age between 51 and 60 years, whereas the prevalence of osteopenia was higher (38.53%) in age group (41-50). In further, normal body mass index was associated with the higher prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis. The calcium deficiency, vitamin D deficiency, family history of osteoporosis were found major risk factor associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis (p<0.05). T-score was much lower at femoral neck site (−3.29±0.47) and lumbar spine site (−3.15±0.50) when compared with hip bone (−2.40±0.68). Conclusions: The present study found moderately higher prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis among the postmenopausal women from slum area of Ahmedabad. Results revealed that the early measurement of bone mineral density will not only help for early detection, but it will also help for the prevention of osteoporosis.

Impacto de los factores de riesgo en osteoporosis sobre la densidad mineral ósea en mujeres perimenopáusicas de la Ciudad de Querétaro, México / Impact of risk factors for osteoporosis on bone mineral density in perimenopausal women of the City of Querétaro, México.

Es indispensable evaluar los factores de riesgo en osteoporosis, principalmente los modificables, como: los estilos de vida, para prevenirla, ya que es un grave problema de salud pública. Se estudiaron 805 mujeres (35-55 años) de la ciudad de Querétaro, México. Se obtuvieron datos personales, historia familiar, hábitos como: fumar, actividad física, consumo de alcohol y de cafeína (refresco de cola y café). Las participantes completaron el cuestionario de riesgo de osteoporosis (19 factores, con uno, existe riesgo) (International Osteoporosis Foundation). Se evaluó: Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), riesgo cardiovascular y complexión corporal (Talla/Circunferencia de muñeca). Se realizó una densitometría ósea (DXA) en dos regiones diagnósticas: columna lumbar y cadera total y las participantes se clasificaron en: densidad mineral ósea (DMO) normal, DMO baja y osteoporosis. La prevalencia de osteoporosis fue de 7% y de DMO baja fue de 34%, predominantemente en región lumbar y en aquellas con menopausia. La edad fue mayor en mujeres osteoporóticas (51 años) y el 85% menopáusicas, con valores menores de: peso, talla, IMC, circunferencia de cintura y cadera, que las normales. Los factores de riesgo modificables que aumentaron el riesgo fueron: bajo peso, fumar y consumo de refresco de cola con 6,5, 1,2 y 1,4 (razón de momios) respectivamente (p<0,05). Factores no modificables significativos: menopausia (quirúrgica), historia de fractura y riesgo de osteoporosis. Se concluye que dentro de los factores de riesgo modificables para la prevención de osteoporosis de mayor impacto en esta muestra son: bajo peso, cigarrillo y el refresco de cola.

It is essential to evaluate osteoporosis risk factors, mainly the modifiable, like the lifestyle, in Mexican women in order to prevent it, since it is a serious public health problem.We studied 805 women (35-55 years old) in the City of Queretaro, México. We obtained: personal data, family history, habits, such as smoking, alcohol, caffeine (coffee and soft drink of cola) and physical activity. Participants complete the questionnaire on 19 risk factors for osteoporosis (International Osteoporosis Foundation) one of them with risk. We evaluated: body mass index (BMI), cardiovascular risk and corporal complexion. Bone densitometry was performed in two diagnostic regions: lumbar spine and total hip and participants were classified as normal bone mass density (BMD), low BMD and osteoporosis. The prevalence of osteoporosis was 7% and of low BMD was 34%, predominantly in the lumbar region and in those with menopause. In osteoporotic women, the age was higher (51 years) and 85% menopausal women, also lower values of weight, height, BMI, waist circumference and hip than women with normal bone mass density. The significantly modifiable risk factors were: low weight, smoking and consumption of soft drink of cola with 6,5, 1,2 and 1,4 (odds ratio), respectively (p <0,05). The significantly non-modifiable risk factors were: menopause (surgical), history of fracture and risk. It is concluded that within the modifiable risk factors for the prevention of osteoporosis, those with the greatest impact were low weight, cigarette and soft drink of cola.

The Incidence of Osteoporosis and the Related Factors Among Injured Sites in Above 50 Year-old Patients with Fractures Caused by Low-energy Trauma / 대한골다공증학회지

OBJECTIVES: To compare the incidence of osteoporosis and the related factors among fracture sites in above 50 year-old patients with fractures caused by low-energy trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven hundred and fourteen patients with fracture from low energy trauma were evaluated retrospectively. By the Dual-energy x-ray absorptionmetry, we measured bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar spine and proximal femur, and compared the incidence of osteoporosis, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), previous fracture history, past osteoporosis medication history according to each fracture sites. RESULTS: BMD was decreased according to increasing age with statistical significance (P<0.001). Sex has no significant difference according to fracture site (P=0.141). Average age of patients with osteoporotic fracture was 73.8, 72.8, 66.3, 73.4, 78.3 years old according to fracture site as T-spine, L-spine, distal radius, proximal humerus and proximal femur, respectively. There was significant difference among groups (P<0.001). Average BMI related with osteoporotic fracture site was 22.9 kg/m2, 22.7 kg/m2, 23.4 kg/m2, 23.0 kg/m2, 21.7 kg/m2, respectively and it showed significant difference among groups (P<0.001). Average bone mass and T-score related with osteoporotic fracture site was 0.587 g/cm2 (-3.5), 0.614 g/cm2 (-3.1), 0.647 g/cm2 (-2.6), 0.597 g/cm2 (-3.1), 0.554 g/cm2 (-3.5), with significant difference among groups (P<0.001). Previous fracture history had no significant difference among groups (P=0.078). Previous osteoporosis medication history had significant difference among the groups (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In low-energy traumatic fracture, age, BMI and previous osteoporosis medication history are significantly related factors with BMD and osteoporotic fracture. Early diagnosis of osteoporosis and osteoporotic medication use is effective for decrease incidence of low-energy osteoporotic fracture.

Effect of dietary legumes on bone-specific gene expression in ovariectomized rats

In previous studies, we found that the consumption of legumes decreased bone turnover in ovariectomized rats. The purpose of the present study is to determine whether the protective effects on bone mineral density (BMD) and the microarchitecture of a diet containing legumes are comparable. In addition, we aim to determine their protective actions in bones by studying bone specific gene expression. Forty-two Sprague-Dawley rats are being divided into six groups during the 12 week study: 1) rats that underwent sham operations (Sham), 2) ovariectomized rats fed an AIN-93M diet (OVX), 3) ovariectomized rats fed an AIN-93M diet with soybeans (OVX-S), 4) ovariectomized rats fed an AIN-93M diet with mung beans (OVX-M), 5) ovariectomized rats fed an AIN-93M diet with cowpeas (OVX-C), and 6) ovariectomized rats fed an AIN-93M diet with azuki beans (OVX-A). Consumption of legumes significantly increased BMD of the spine and femur and bone volume of the femur compared to the OVX. Serum calcium and phosphate ratio, osteocalcin, expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) ratio increased significantly, while urinary excretion of calcium and deoxypyridinoline and expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6 were significantly reduced in OVX rats fed legumes, compared to OVX rats that were not fed legumes. This study demonstrates that consumption of legumes has a beneficial effect on bone through modulation of OPG and RANKL expression in ovariectomized rats and that legume consumption can help compensate for an estrogen-deficiency by preventing bone loss induced by ovarian hormone deficiency.

Low bone mass density is associated with hemolysis in brazilian patients with sickle cell disease

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether kidney disease and hemolysis are associated with bone mass density in a population of adult Brazilian patients with sickle cell disease. INTRODUCTION: Bone involvement is a frequent clinical manifestation of sickle cell disease, and it has multiple causes; however, there are few consistent clinical associations between bone involvement and sickle cell disease. METHODS: Patients over 20 years of age with sickle cell disease who were regularly followed at the Hematology and Hemotherapy Center of Campinas, Brazil, were sorted into three groups, including those with normal bone mass density, those with osteopenia, and those with osteoporosis, according to the World Health Organization criteria. The clinical data of the patients were compared using statistical analyses. RESULTS: In total, 65 patients were included in this study: 12 (18.5 percent) with normal bone mass density, 37 (57 percent) with osteopenia and 16 (24.5 percent) with osteoporosis. Overall, 53 patients (81.5 percent) had bone mass densities below normal standards. Osteopenia and osteoporosis patients had increased lactate dehydrogenase levels and reticulocyte counts compared to patients with normal bone mass density (p<0.05). Osteoporosis patients also had decreased hemoglobin levels (p<0.05). Hemolysis was significantly increased in patients with osteoporosis compared with patients with osteopenia, as indicated by increased lactate dehydrogenase levels and reticulocyte counts as well as decreased hemoglobin levels. Osteoporosis patients were older, with lower glomerular filtration rates than patients with osteopenia. There was no significant difference between the groups with regard to gender, body mass index, serum creatinine levels, estimated creatinine clearance, or microalbuminuria. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of reduced bone mass density that was associated with hemolysis was found in this population, as indicated by the high lactate dehydrogenase levels, increased reticulocyte counts and low hemoglobin levels.

Correlation study on bone density, microstructure and acoustic parameters of cancellous bone at different stages of decalcification / 医用生物力学

Objective To study changes and correlations in ultrasound acoustic parameters, bone density and microstructure of the cancellous bone at different stages of decalcification. Methods Fifteen defatted porcine cancellous bone specimens were decalcified at different decalcification stages, and the bone density, microstructure and acoustic parameters were measured by Micro CT and ultrasound system, respectively, before and after the decalcification. Correlations between acoustic parameters, bone density and microstructure were investigated. Results With the loss of calcium in bone specimens, BMD (bone mass density), BS/TV and BV/TV decreased continuously. Microstructure parameters SMI and BS/BV increased, while Tb.Th and Tb.N decreased with Tb. Sp increasing. Degree of anisotropy (DA) increased. Acoustic parameter SOS increased at first, and then decreased, with nBUA slightly decreasing. High correlation was found between acoustic parameters, BMD and bone microstructure parameters. Conclusions Ultrasound acoustic parameters are correlated with BMD and bone microstructure. This study may provide some reference information for the early diagnosis of osteoporosis based on ultrasound.

Association between γ-Aminobutyric Acid B2 Receptor Gene Polymorphism rs3750344 and Bone Mass Content or Bone Mass Density in Chinese Hans Population / 中国康复理论与实践

@# ObjectiveTo investigate the association of γ-aminobutyric acid B2 receptor (GABABR2) gene polymorphism rs3750344 and bone mass (bone mass content, BMC, and bone mass density, BMD) in population of Chinese Hans lives in Jinan. Methods425 volunteers were recruited. BMC and BMD of all subjects were measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Genotyping of polymorphism rs3750344 was conducted using Taqman assays. ResultsBMD and BMC increased with the copy of the C allele of rs3750344 in whole body. ConclusionThe C allele of GABABR2 rs3750344 increases the levers of BMD and BMC in Chinese Han population.

Relationship between Bone Mass (BMC and BMD) and Obesity in Chinese Hans / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the relationship between bone mass(bone mass content,BMC;bone mass density,BMD) and waistline(WL) related obesity in Chinese Hans lives in Jinan.Methods 265 consecutively healthy volunteers were recruited in Jinan.BMC and BMD of all subjects were measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.Obesity was defined as a WL ≥85 cm in men or ≥80 cm in women.Analysis of covariance(ACNOVA) and partial correlation were used.Results Partial analysis showed that there is a linearity positive correlation between bone mass and WL.After controlling for gender and age,correlation coefficients of WL with BMD in all over the body,extremities inferior,pars trunk,cervical rib,basin and backbone of Pearson were 0.296,0.306,0.340,0.368,0.381 and 0.260(P=0.000).Correlation coefficients of WL with BMC in all over the body,extremities inferior,pars trunk,cervical rib,basin and backbone were 0.337,0.391,0.327,0.358,0.302 and 0.269(P=0.000).ACNOVA showed that there is a significant difference of bone mass between obesity and non-obesity subjects after adjusted for age and gender.Conclusion There is a positive correlation between obesity and bone mass in Chinese Hans.

Description of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women at Immunoendocrinology Integrated Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia.

To identify the pattern of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women through retrospective study in 40 postmenopausal women using Dexa instrument in bones (L2 - L4). Results with 15% of survey formula accuracy were found: mean of menopausal age was 53.25 years, normal bone mineral density 30%, osteopenia 52.5%, and osteoporosis 17.5%. A very strong relationship (r=0.547) and a significant relationship (p=0.000) between body height and bone mineral density were found in this study, and there was a moderate (r=0.315) and significant (p= 0.047) relationship between body weight and bone mineral density, and likewise there was a moderate (r=-0.301) and significant (p=0.059) relationship between duration of menopause and bone mineral density. By contrast, no relationship was found between age (r=0.119) and Body Mass Index (BMI) (r=0.086) and bone mineral density.

Effect of iron overload on bone mass density and the change of micronutrients / 肠外与肠内营养

Objective: To explore the change of bone mass density(BMD) and micronutrients in middle-aged and old patients with iron overload and the effect on levels of micronutrients.Methods: BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA) in 19 middle-aged and old patients with iron overload and 41 age-and gender-matched healthy subjects.Serum selenium(Se)was measured by fluorospectrophotometry.Serum zinc(Zn) was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES).Plasma vitamin A,D and E were measured by HPLC.The levels of blood lipid and plasma homocysteine were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer.Results: Plasma vitamin E of 19 iron overload patients was significantly lower than control group,and the levels of triglyceride and homocysteine increased significantly(P

Effects of tibolone on postmenopausal osteoporosis, lipid, mammograph compared with continuous combined hormone replacement therapy

BACKGROUNDS: Hormone replacement therapy is effective for improvement of climacteric symptoms, and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis but patient compliance is very low. The aim of the study was to assess the comprarative effects on bone mineral density(BMD), lipid, mammographic finding, biochemical bone markers of tibolone and continuous combined hormone replacement therapy in postemeopusal women. METHODS: Body mass index, BMD in the spine and femur neck. lipid, alkaline phosphatase, serum osteocalcin, urine deoxypyridinolone were measured before and after 1 year therapy in 88 postmenopausal subjects. Of these, 54 women received CEE 0.625 mg and MPA 2.5 mg (CEE/MPA) per oral, 34 tibolone alone for 1 year. RESULTS: Body mass index didn't changed in both groups. Significantly increased mammographic density in CEE/MPA groups(p<0.05). Total cholesterol was decreased in both group, but no significant differences between the different treatment groups. Triglyceride decreased in tibolone group and there are significant difference between the two groups(P<0.01). HDL cholesterol increased in CEE/MPA group(p<0.01) but decreased in tibolone group(p<0.01). There are significant difference in HDL cholesterol response between two groups(p<0.01). LDL cholesterol decreased in CEE/MPA group(p<0.01) and significant difference in LDL cholesterol response between two groups(p<0.05). Total alkaline phosphatase(TALP) and serum osteocalcin decreased in both groups(p<0.01) but no differences between two groups. Urine deoxypyridinoline was not decreased in both groups and no differences between two groups. Spine bone mineral density(BMD) increased in both groups(p=0.0001) but no differences in treatment response between two groups. Femur neck BMD didn't not increased in both groups and no differenced of treatment responses between two groups. CONCLUSION: Tibolone was effective on BMD of lumbar spine as much as CEE/MPA and may be safe in terms of mammographic changes in postmenopausal women.