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Objective:To investigate the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level in patients with Graves' disease (GD) and its correlation with thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) and bone metabolism markers.Methods:A total of 124 patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed GD were selected and divided into three groups according to serum 25(OH)D level, namely vitamin D deficiency group with 25(OH)D <12 μg/L, vitamin D insufficiency group with 25(OH)D of 12 to 20 μg/L, and vitamin D sufficiency group with 25(OH)D ≥ 20 μg/L. The levels of serum 25(OH)D, TRAb, type I procollagen N-terminal pro-peptide (PINP), type I collagen cross-linked C-terminal peptide (S-CTX), parathyroid hormone (PTH), total triiodothyronine (TT 3), total thyroxine (TT 4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured in all patients, and the differences of these biochemical indices were compared across groups. Oneway analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparison between groups, and Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis was applied for correlation test. Results:The levels of serum TT 3, TT 4, PINP, and S-CTX significantly increased ( P < 0.01) and the level of phosphorus (P) decreased ( P < 0.01) with the decreased vitamin D levels. The levels of PTH and calcium (Ca) were significantly lower in the vitamin D sufficiency group compared with the vitamin D insufficiency group and vitamin D deficiency group ( P < 0.01). Correlation analysis showed that serum 25(OH)D level was negatively correlated with the levels of TT 3, TT 4, PINP, S-CTX, PTH and Ca ( P < 0.01), and positively correlated with the levels of P and TSH ( P < 0.01). Conclusions:Decreased serum 25(OH)D level is closely related with increased bone turnover, PTH, and thyroid hormone levels in patients with GD, but not related with TRAb. Thyroid hormone levels have a certain predictive value regarding vitamin D deficiency in GD patients. It is necessary to monitor the vitamin D levels in patients with GD and provide vitamin D supplementation to reduce the incidence of osteoporosis, improve the effectiveness of antithyroid treatment and reduce the recurrence of GD.
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@#Introduction: This study investigated the combined effects of bee pollen and resistance training on aerobic capacity, muscular performance, antioxidant status, and bone metabolism markers among young men. Methods: Forty young men were randomly assigned into four groups: sedentary control (C), bee pollen supplementation (BP), resistance training (RT), and combined bee pollen supplementation and resistance training (BPRT) groups. Bee pollen was consumed by participants in BP and BPRT groups (1500 mg daily for eight weeks). Resistance training was performed thrice per week for eight weeks in RT and BPRT groups. Participants’ anthropometry, aerobic capacity, isokinetic muscular peak torque (strength), and average power were measured. Concentrations of serum total antioxidant status (TAS), serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and serum C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (1CTP) were determined. Results: After eight weeks of intervention, there was a significant decrease in 1CTP in BP group. In RT group, significant increases were observed in both muscular strength and power. In BPRT group, significant increases in both muscular strength and power, and a significant decrease in 1CTP were observed after 8 weeks. There were no significant changes in aerobic capacity, serum TAS, SOD, and ALP in all the study groups. Conclusion: Resistance training using dumbbells and elastic bands seemed to elicit beneficial effects on muscular strength and power, while bee pollen supplementation alone reduced the level of bone resorption marker. In addition, combining bee pollen with resistance training seemed to offer additive benefit in muscular strength and power.
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Objective:To observe the relationship between bone metabolism biochemical markers and clinic features in patients with spinal cord injury. Methods:From July, 2018 to December, 2019, totally 135 patients with spinal cord injury were enrolled. They were assessed with American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS). β-collagen type I C-terminal telopeptide (β-CTX), total N-terminal propeptide of type I precollagen (TP1NP), 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum calcium and serum phosphorus were measured. The level of TP1NP, β-CTX, 25(OH)D and PTH among clinical characteristics (gender, age, disease course, AIS grade and so on) were analyzed. Results:The levels of β-CTX and 25(OH)D were lower in women than in men (|t| > 2.044, P < 0.01). There was difference in the level of 25(OH)D among different ages (F = 3.156, P < 0.05). The levels of β-CTX and TP1NP increased in the first four months after spinal cord injury, and decreased then; while the level of PTH decreased in the first four months, and increased then (P < 0.001). The level of β-CTX was lower in patients of AIS D than in patients of AIS A and C (t >2.679, P < 0.05). The level of TP1NP was higher in paraplegics than in quadriplegics (Z = -2.035, P < 0.05). The level of β-CTX was higher in patients with fractures or surgeries involving bone than in patients without fractures or surgeries involving bone (t = 2.169, P < 0.05). There was no difference in all the bone metabolism markers between patients with and without lower extremity motor function (t < 0.839, Z < 1.822, P > 0.05). The ratio of 25(OH)D deficience was 85.19%. Conclusion:Bone conversion was active in the first four months after spinal cord injury, and decreased gradually then, which may be related to fractures of spine or surgeries involving spine after injury. The effect of spinal cord injury on bone metabolism markers is not clear. Most of patients with spinal cord injury were lack of vitamin D.
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Objective To observe the effect of Duanteng Yimu decoction (DYD) on bone turnover markers of C-terminal telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen (CTX-Ⅰ) and N-terminal propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen ( PⅠNP) of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) rats. Methods Seventy-two SD rats were divided into 9 groups, and complete Freund's adjuvant was injected into the rats to establish adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model. After medication for 36 days, the pedal swelling, the serum levels of CTX-Ⅰand PⅠNP, and ankle X-ray photographic scores were observed. Results The pedal swelling degrees and ankle X-ray scores in medication groups were lower than those in the model group ( P0.05). The CTX-Ⅰlevel in low-dose DYD group was decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Caulis Celastri has two-way effects on CTX-Ⅰlevel of female AA rats, and its side effects can be reduced by Radix Dipsaci and Herba Leonuri, but their antagonism effect will disappear with the increase of the dose of Caulis Celastri.
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Os efeitos do hipertireoidismo experimental (150mg kg-1 d-1 42d-1 de levotiroxina) sobre os marcadores do metabolismo ósseo foi estudado em 14 gatos sem raça definida, nove fêmeas e cinco machos, não-castrados, com idade entre um e três anos. As variáveis estudadas foram tiroxina total (T4), tiroxina livre (FT4) e o telopeptídeo carboxiterminal do colágeno tipo I (ICTP) mensurados por radioimunoensaio, a osteocalcina (OC) foi mensurada por ensaio radioimunométrico e a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) foi mensurada pela técnica da densitometria óptica. As concentrações séricas da OC apresentaram diferença significativa (P<0,05) entre si, nos quatro tempos [T0 (imediatamente antes da levotiroxina sódica), T1 (14d), T2 (28d), T3 (42d)]. Já o ICTP, um marcador específico da reabsorção óssea, não apresentou diferença significativa entre os tempos. A DMO apresentou diminuição significativa (P<0,05) aos 14 dias (T1) em relação ao momento inicial. Provavelmente o remodelamento ósseo foi provocado pelo estado hipertireóideo, visto que a OC e o ICTP apresentaram excelente correlação positiva com a TT4 e um pouco inferior com a FT4. A FT4 não apresentou correlação positiva com o ICTP, excetuando-se aos 28 dias (T2). Observou-se baixa correlação, em todos os momentos, entre os marcadores do metabolismo ósseo e a densidade mineral óssea realizada pela técnica de densitometria óptica. Conclui-se que o excesso dos hormônios tireoidianos em gatos provocou aumento do remodelamento ósseo, visto que ocorreu alta correlação entre estes hormônios e os marcadores do metabolismo ósseo. Conclui-se também que a tireotoxicose não foi suficiente para elevar os níveis séricos do ICTP, sugerindo que, nos estágios precoces, não há predomínio da atividade osteoclástica. O hipertireoidismo provocou diminuição da DMO óssea, porém, a OC e o ICTP apresentaram baixa correlação com esta variável.
The effect of experimental hyperthyroidism (150mg kg-1 d-1 42d-1 levothyroxine) on markers of bone metabolism was studied in fourteen shorthair intact cats, nine females and five males, from 1 to 3 years of age. Total thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (FT4), carboxi-terminal telopeptides of collagen type I (ICTP) (measured by radioimmunoassay), osteocalcin (OC) (measured by immunoradiometric assay) and bone mineral density (DMO) (measured by the optic densitometria) were evaluated. Serum concentrations of OC were significantly different (P<0.05) between all four moments (before the induction, 14, 28 and 42 days). The DMO presented significant difference (P<0.05) at the 14 days in comparison to the initial moment. Bone remodeling was probably caused by the hyperthyroid state, since both OC and ICTP presented strong positive correlation with TT4 and a little lowerth FT4. The FT4 concentrations did not present positive correlation with ICTP, except at 28 days. Correlation between markers of bone metabolism and the bone mineral density was low in all the moments. High correlation was observed between thyroid hormones and markers of bone metabolism. In conclusion, this excess of thyroid hormones in cats may cause an increase of bone remodeling. Moreover, thyrotoxicosis in this study was not enough to raise the serum levels of ICTP, suggesting no predominance of osteoblastic activity in these early stages. The experimental hyperthyroidism was also associated to the reduction of bone DMO, however OC and ICTP levels demonstrated low correlation with this variable.
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PURPOSE: Palmitic acid in infant formulas has been shown to lower calcium and fat absorption because of its structural difference from human milk. Some studies reported the inclusion of palm and palm olein oil in infant formula led to lower bone mineralization. We aimed to determine whether the sn-2 position palmitic acid fortified infant formula influences growth and skeletal development, by comparing bone mineral accretion and bone markers in formula-fed infants to those in breast-fed ones. METHODS: We determined anthropometrics and feeding intake in three groups of full term newborn infants fed different diets at 6 and 12 weeks after birth; Group A (n=15) was fed human milk, Group B (n=15) was fed formula alpha (31% sn-2 palmitic acid as a mainly plant source), Group C (n=15) was fed formula beta (31% sn-2 palmitic acid as a mainly animal source). Total body bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured at 12 weeks of age using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. We measured bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP), C-terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen (CICP) as markers for bone formation, and deoxypyridinoline crosslinks (total DPD) as a marker for bone resorption at 6 and 12 weeks. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between feeding groups in body weight, height, head circumference, and skinfold thickness at 6 and 12 weeks. The concentrations of B-ALP, CICP, and total DPD were not significantly different between feeding groups at 6 weeks. The concentrations of B-ALP and total DPD were not significantly different between feeding groups at 12 weeks. The concentrations of CICP in Group B and C were higher than that of Group A (P<0.05). BMC and BMD in formula-fed infants (Group B and C) were not different from those of breast-fed ones (Group A). BMC and BMD in Group B were higher than that of Group C (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The growth and bone mineralization in infants fed sn-2 position palmitic acid fortified formula were not different in those of breast-fed ones.
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Animals , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Absorptiometry, Photon , Absorption , Alkaline Phosphatase , Body Weight , Bone Density , Bone Resorption , Calcification, Physiologic , Calcium , Collagen Type I , Diet , Head , Infant Formula , Metabolism , Milk, Human , Osteogenesis , Palmitic Acid , Parturition , Plants , Skinfold ThicknessABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The object of this study is to evaluate bone metabolism in healthy adolescents according to the progression of puberty. METHODS: Forty boys(13.9+/-1.7 years) and 42 girls(12.1+/-1.6 years) were classified by Tanner stage (TS) and bone age. Serum levels of osteocalcin(OC) and bone specific alkaline phosphatase(BALP) were measured as bone formation markers. Serum level of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) and urinary N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen(NTx) concentrations adjusted by creatinine concentrations were measured as bone resorption markers. Serum or urine levels of bone turnover markers in each pubertal development group and bone age group were analysed. RESULTS: In boys, BALP and OC levels increased to peak levels significantly(P<0.05), and decreased significantly(P<0.05) from the peak levels to the levels at TS 5. ICTP and NTx levels seemed to increase to peak levels and to decrease from the peak levels to the levels at TS 5. But there were no significant differences except decreasing NTx levels. All showed peak levels between 13 and 15 years of bone age. In comparison with each TS group, BALP and OC levels were significantly different(P<0.05) between each TS group, but ICTP and NTx were not. In girls, the levels of all bone markers seemed to increase to peak levels without significance, and then decrease significantly(P< 0.05). All showed peak levels between 11 and 13 years of bone age. All except ICTP level were significantly different between each TS group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The bone metabolism seems to increase as progression of puberty, and to decrease during late puberty. Bone formation markers levels change more actively, rather than bone resorption markers levels during puberty. And the increment of bone formation in early puberty is more significant in boys rather than in girls.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Bone Resorption , Collagen Type I , Creatinine , Metabolism , Osteogenesis , PubertyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Dynamics of bone mineral density(BMD) and bone metabolism in children and adolescents with hyperthyroidism have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to study how the improvement of thyroid function with antithyroid treatment influenced bone metabolism and BMD in children and adolescents with hyperthyroidism. METHODS: Serum levels of osteocalcin(OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase(b-ALP), and carboxyterminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen(ICTP) were measured just before, and six, and 12 months after commencement of methimazole treatment in 12 subjects(aged 4.4-15.6 years) with serial measurement of femoral and lumbar BMD. RESULTS: A significant increase in BMD and its SDS of the femur and lumbar spine was observed during the first six months(P<0.01; P<0.05) and the next six months of treatment(P<0.01; P<0.01). Serum levels of OC and b-ALP, and their SDSs before treatment were higher than the normal values. OC decreased significantly at 12 months(P<0.05), whereas b-ALP did not show any significant change during treatment. Serum levels of ICTP and its SDS before treatment were higher than normal values, but decreased into the normal range at six months of treatment(P<0.01), and remained stable during the next six months. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that hyperthyroidism increases bone turnover, decreases the relative rate of bone formation vs resorption, and decreases BMD in children and adolescents. These data also suggest that bone formation exceeds bone resorption within six months of antithyroid treatment and a significant increase of BMD occurs continuously during the first 12 months of treatment.