ABSTRACT
Borage (Borago officinalis) is an annual herb which is cultivated for medicinal and culinary uses, although it is commercially cultivated for borage seed oil. Borage seed oil is the plant rich in the gamma-linolenic acid (26%-38%) which is used as dietary or food supplement. Other than seed oil it contains a lot of fatty acids such as linoleic acid (35%-38%), oleic acid (16%-20%), palmitic acid (10%-11%), stearic acid (3.5%-4.5%), eicosenoic acid (3.5%-5.5%) and erucic acid (1.5%-3.5%). It is used for the treatment of various diseases such as multiple sclerosis, diabetes, heart diseases, arthritis and eczema. In this study different aspects of borage such as plant characteristics, production, applications in traditional medicine, clinical considerations, its effects on patients' blood and urine biochemistry, and also the effect of the its products on liver and kidney performance tests are presented using published articles in scientific sites.
ABSTRACT
Borage (Borago officinalis) is an annual herb which is cultivated for medicinal and culinary uses, although it is commercially cultivated for borage seed oil. Borage seed oil is the plant rich in the gamma-linolenic acid (26%-38%) which is used as dietary or food supplement. Other than seed oil it contains a lot of fatty acids such as linoleic acid (35%-38%), oleic acid (16%-20%), palmitic acid (10%-11%), stearic acid (3.5%-4.5%), eicosenoic acid (3.5%-5.5%) and erucic acid (1.5%-3.5%). It is used for the treatment of various diseases such as multiple sclerosis, diabetes, heart diseases, arthritis and eczema. In this study different aspects of borage such as plant characteristics, production, applications in traditional medicine, clinical considerations, its effects on patients' blood and urine biochemistry, and also the effect of the its products on liver and kidney performance tests are presented using published articles in scientific sites.
ABSTRACT
Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist e Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist são duas espécies de plantas daninhas pertencentes à família Asteraceae. Com freqüência, elas infestam pomares, vinhedos e outras culturas, como milho, soja e algodão e, também, culturas forrageiras, pastagens e áreas não-cultivadas. Esta revisão de literatura tem por objetivos descrever e discutir as características botânicas, biológicas e ecofisiológicas daquelas espécies com a finalidade de facilitar a adoção de estratégias para seu manejo em culturas ou limitar seu estabelecimento. Conyza canadensis é uma espécie anual ou bienal, nativa da América do Norte, enquanto C. bonariensis é uma espécie anual, nativa da América do Sul. A propagação destas espécies dá-se através de sementes que são facilmente dispersas através do vento e da água. As sementes não apresentam dormência e podem germinar prontamente em condições de temperatura e umidade favoráveis. Em vários países, inclusive no Brasil, foi constatada resistência aos herbicidas em biótipos destas espécies. Adoção de práticas culturais diversificadas, integradas ao controle químico, pode minimizar os efeitos negativos provocados por buva e, também, prevenir casos de resistência.
Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist and Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist are two weed species belonging to Asteraceae family. Frequently, they occur in orchards, vineyards, and in other crops, such as corn, soybean, and cotton and, also, in forage crops and pastures, as well as in fallow areas. This literature review has as objectives to describe and discuss botanical, biological, and ecopysiological characteristics of Conyza species that may facilitate adoption of strategies for their management in crops or to limit their establishment. Conyza canadensis is an annual or biennial species, native of North America; whereas, C. bonariensis is an annual species, native of South America. Spreading of both species occurs by seeds, which are easily dispersed through wind and water. Seeds do not present dormancy and can germinate promptly under favorable conditions of temperature and humidity. In various countries, including Brazil, Conyza biotypes resistant to herbicides were found. Adoption of diversified cultural practices, integrated to were found chemical control, may minimize the negative effects of Conyza, as well as, prevent cases of resistance.