ABSTRACT
The reproductive efficiency of livestock is the basis for the success of livestock, dairy or beef, and having high reproductive performance depends on several factors within the production system and the presence of infectious diseases of the reproductive sphere in the herd is one of the factors that can compromise that efficiency. The aim of this study was to use molecular biology as a diagnostic tool for the detection of Leptospira spp. DNA in cows with reproductive disorders on a rural property in the municipality of Boca do Acre, Amazonas, Brazil. Vaginal mucus was collected from nine Nelore breeding cows with a history of abortion and birth of weak calves submitted to DNA extraction and nested-PCR technique for 16S gene amplification at the bacterial genus level. Of the nine samples analyzed, five (55.55%) amplified a product of 331bp. The municipality of Boca do Acre is bordered by Peru and Bolivia, and knowledge of the prevalence of the disease, serovars, and circulating Leptospira species is essential for the adoption of measures related to animal husbandry, as well as health education for ranchers and their workers to avoid a possible occupational infection since this disease is considered an important zoonosis. New molecular studies using primers that allow the identification of the Leptospira species and mainly pathogenic species should be conducted in this region in order to elucidate the possible species of this etiological agent and the possible reservoirs of the disease to begin the understanding of the epidemiology of this disease in cattle in this region of border.
Subject(s)
Reproduction , Livestock , Leptospirosis/diagnosisABSTRACT
El sistema de clasificación y categorización vigente, basado en el Decreto Presidencial N°1896 de 1997, establece criterios a seguir para realizar la evaluación de canales bovinas; sin embargo, hasta el presente, poco se ha reportado de cómo es aplicado dicho sistema en las plantas beneficiadoras del país. En este sentido, se visitaron 3 plantas beneficiadoras de bovinos en la región central de Venezuela, 45% del total de plantas existentes en los estados Aragua y Carabobo, con la finalidad de evaluar la implementación de este sistema, mediante la observación documentada del proceso de clasificación y categorización en cada planta, utilizando una guía de observación. Paralelamente a este levantamiento de información en planta, se aplicó una encuesta a los médicos veterinarios clasificadores. Ambos resultados fueron tabulados y evaluados mediante estadística descriptiva. Posteriormente, al analizar esta información se comprobó que, a pesar de estar estipulado en todos esos establecimientos aplicar este sistema, esto no se realiza de forma homogénea en todos ellos. Los niveles de cumplimiento en la medición de las variables estuvieron entre 43% y 21%. De igual forma, se conoció que no se evalúan las canales en estado refrigerado como está establecido en la normativa oficial. El análisis comparativo de la encuesta con la observación documentada confirmó que, aún cuando el sistema se basa en el Decreto 1896 y su respectivo instructivo, no todas las plantas beneficiadoras lo aplican, tal y como está establecido. Se evidenció que el sistema de clasificación y categorización de canales bovinas en la región central de Venezuela se aplica de manera discrecional en cada establecimiento, basándose en criterios de practicidad, en aras de hacer más expedito el procedimiento. Esto refleja la necesidad de revisar la normativa y establecer mecanismos para asegurar su fiel cumplimiento en todas las plantas beneficiadoras.
The classification and categorization system for evaluating cattle carcasses, based on the existing Decree No. 1896 of 1997, establishes the criteria to be followed; however, to date, little has been reported as to its application in Venezuela slaughterhouses. To evaluate the implementation of this system, 3 cattle slaughterhouses of the States of Aragua and Carabobo, which correspond to 45% of all existing plants from those states located in the central region of Venezuela, were visited. The assessment was performed by documented observation of the process of classification and categorization of each slaughterhouse, using an observation guide. Parallel to this collection of information on the plant, a survey was applied to veterinarians in charge of classifying meat. Both results were tabulated and evaluated using descriptive statistics. Once the information was analyzed, it was found that, despite being stipulated, the implementation of this system was not performed in a homogenous way in any of the establishments evaluated. Compliance levels in variables measuring were between 43 and 21%. Likewise, it was known that refrigerated carcasses are not evaluated, as required by official regulations. The comparative analysis of the survey along with the documented observation confirmed that, even when the system is based on Decree 1896 and its respective instructions, not all slaughterhouses apply it, as the law establishes. It was evident that the system of classification and categorization of cattle carcasses in the central region of Venezuela is applied in a discretionary manner in each meat processing plant, based on practicality criteria, to expedite the procedure. This reflects the need to review the regulations and mechanisms to ensure faithful compliance in all cattle slaughterhouses.
ABSTRACT
Se estudiaron los aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos del carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) en bovinos del Departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, no probabilístico, en bovinos. Se estudiaron 11 bovinos con CCE diagnosticados clínica e histopatológicamente en diferentes explotaciones ganaderas del Departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Al describir los casos se observaron áreas con eritema, edema, descamación con formación de costras, apariencia tumoral de consistencia variable, en algunos casos friable y en otros firmes, así como ulceraciones amplias y profundas en forma de cráter, con presencia de exudación serosanguinolenta. Las lesiones se ubicaron en áreas despigmentadas de ojos, dorso, región de la grupa, espalda, vulva y periné de los animales estudiados. Histopatológicamente se observó presencia de islas con fácil distinción de perlas córneas rodeadas de células tumorales y cordones ramificados delgados de células epiteliales neoplásicas con grado variable de diferenciación escamosa, puentes intercelulares, células escamosas organizadas y atípicas con núcleos hipercromáticos y variado número de células en diferentes fases de mitosis. El diagnóstico definitivo de la enfermedad se fundamentó en las características clínicas, diagnóstico diferencial y en los hallazgos histopatológicos, siendo concluyentes como métodos de diagnóstico del CCE. Este estudio representa el primer reporte de CEE en bovinos en el Departamento de Córdoba, Colombia.
This trial studied, the clinical and histopathological features of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in cattle of Cordoba Department, Colombia. The type of study performed was descriptive and non-probability, in convenience animals. Eleven animals diagnosed with SCC were clinically and histopathologically studied. Clinical cases showed areas of erythema, edema, crusting desquamative surface of variability in consistency. Tumors appearances in some cases were friable to hard with a widened deep crater-like ulceration with serohemorrhagic exudates. Lesions were locally extensive with depigmentation around the eyes, back, buttocks, vulva and perineum of the animals studied. Histopathology showed presence of conspicuous islands whorls of keratin pearls of tumor cells with thin ramified strands of neoplastic epithelial cells with varying degrees of squamous differentiation, intercellular bridges network and atypical squamous cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and high mitotic index. The final diagnosis of the SCC was based on clinical features, differential neoplastic diagnosis and histopathological findings as being conclusive enough diagnostic methods. This study becomes the first report study of this disease in cattle in the Department of Cordoba, Colombia.