Increased Expression of RUNX2 and ALP Resulting from a Combination of Propolis Extract and Bovine Bone Graft in Socket Preservation Material

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the inductive effect of a combination of propolis and BBG extract on RUNX2 and ALP expression in the tooth extraction sockets of Cavia cobaya. Fifty- six Cavia cobaya were divided into four groups: polyethylene glycol (PEG), propolis extract + PEG, BBG + PEG, and propolis extract + BBG + PEG. The lower left incisor was extracted, and the socket subsequently filled with material according to the specific group of which the subject was a member. The subjects were sacrificed on the 14th and 30th days. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out under a light microscope at 400x magnification. Statistical analysis was then carried out by means of One-Way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. The mean number of RUNX2 and ALP expressions in each group was significantly different. The highest number of RUNX2 and ALP expressions occurred in the propolis + BBG + PEG group on the 30th day, while the lowest expressions were observed in the control group on the 14th day. A combination of propolis and BBG extract at a concentration of 2% of active substance effectively increases the expression of RUNX2 and ALP in preserving the tooth extraction sockets of Cavia cobaya.

Clinical and histological evaluations of the effects of concentrated growth factor combined with deproteinated bovine bone mineral in site preservation / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To evaluate the osteogenic effect of concentrated growth factor (CGF) combined with deproteinated bovine bone mineral (DBBM) in site preservation using clinical and histomorphometric observations.@*Methods @#A total of 26 patients who needed extraction of affected teeth and received staged implantation after site preservation were selected. The patients were randomly divided into the DBBM group (Bio-Oss was implanted simultaneously after extraction) and CGF+DBBM group (CGF+Bio-Oss was implanted simultaneously after extraction), with 13 patients in each group, and both groups were covered with Bio-Gide collagen membrane. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed preoperatively and 6 months later to measure the changes in alveolar bone height and width, and the bone specimens were drilled 6 months after site preservation during implant surgery for histological analyses.@*Results@# CBCT showed that the height and width of alveolar bone were absorbed 6 months after site preservation in the CGF+DBBM and DBBM groups, and the reduction in alveolar ridge width in the CGF+DBBM group was statistically less than the DBBM group (P <0.05). The histomorphometry results showed that the percentage of new bone in the CGF+DBBM and DBBM groups were 35.30% ± 3.56% and 26.38% ± 5.04%, respectively, and the amount of new bone in the CGF+DBBM group was statistically higher than the DBBM group (P<0.05). @*Conclusion @#CGF combined with DBBM is superior to DBBM in maintaining the alveolar bone volume and shape in site preservation, which creates favorable conditions for implant restoration.

Study on the long-term effect of three bone graft materials after periodontal regeneration / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective:To evaluate the medium and long term clinical effect of three bone graft materials on periodontitis after periodontal regeneration.Methods:Initially, 16 patients with periodontitis after periodontal regeneration in Tianjin Stomatological Hospital from July 2017 to November 2018 were divided into three groups: Bio-Oss ( n=6), Bio-Gene ( n=5) and Bone 3(n=5) according to the differences in bone materials. Clinical and radiological results were evaluated at pre-surgery, post-6 months, and post-4 years. Results:The 6-month and 4-year clinical follow-up showed that, the depth of exploration (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) of patients in the three groups were lower than those before operation (all P<0.05), and the changes of PD (ΔPD) and CAL (ΔCAL) were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in gingival recession (GR) between the three groups (all P>0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in the change of GR (ΔGR) between the groups (all P>0.05). From 6 months to 4 years after operation, there was no significant difference among ΔGR, ΔPD and ΔCAL groups (all P>0.05). At 6 months and 4 years after operation, the residual alveolar bone height (RBH%) of the three groups was significantly higher than that before operation (all P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the two groups (all P>0.05); From 6 months to 4 years after operation, there was no significant difference in RBH% between the groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Three kinds of bone graft materials have significant clinical effects on periodontitis after periodontal regeneration, which can provide a reference for the selection of clinical regeneration materials.

Histological comparison between biphasic calcium phosphate and deproteinized bovine bone on critical-size bone defects

Abstract The limited options for bone repair have led to an extensive research of the field and the development of alloplastic and xenogeneic grafts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate bone repair with two bone substitutes: deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) and biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic (BCP) in critical-size defect. A total of 8-mm defects were made in the parietal bones of rabbits (n=12). The animals were divided into three experimental groups: sham (defect filled with a blood clot), DBB (defect filled with DBB), and BCP (defect filled with BCP). After the experimental periods of 15 and 45 days, the animals were euthanized and submitted to histomorphometric analysis. The total defect area, mineralized tissue area, biomaterial area, and soft tissue area were evaluated. A greater amount of immature bone tissue and biomaterial particles were observed in the BCP group compared to DBB and sham at 45 days (p<0.05). There was no difference in the qualitative pattern of bone deposition between DBB and BCP. However, the sham group did not show osteoid islands along with the defect, presenting a greater amount of collagen fibers as well in relation to the DBB and BCP groups. There was a greater number of inflammatory cells in the DBB at 45 days compared to BCP and sham groups. In conclusion, BCP and DBB are options for optimizing the use of bone grafts for maxillofacial rehabilitation. Bone defects treated with BCP showed greater deposition of bone tissue at 45 days.

Resumo As opções limitadas para reparo ósseo levaram ao desenvolvimento de abrangente pesquisa na área de enxertos aloplásticos e xenogênicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o reparo ósseo com dois substitutos ósseos: osso bovino desproteinizado (DBB) e cerâmica fosfática de cálcio bifásica (BCP) em defeito de tamanho crítico. Material e métodos: defeitos críticos de 8 mm foram feitos nos ossos parietais de coelhos (n=12). Os animais foram divididos em três grupos experimentais: sham (defeito preenchido com coágulo sanguíneo), DBB (defeito preenchido com DBB) e BCP (defeito preenchido com BCP). Após os períodos experimentais de 15 e 45 dias, os animais foram sacrificados e submetidos à análise histomorfométrica. Foram avaliadas a área total de defeitos, área de tecidos mineralizados, área de biomateriais e área de tecidos moles. Resultados: maior quantidade de tecido ósseo imaturo e de partículas de biomaterial foram observados no grupo BCP em comparação aos grupos DBB e sham aos 45 dias (p<0,05). Não houve diferença no padrão qualitativo de deposição óssea entre DBB e BCP. Ainda, o grupo sham não apresentou ilhas osteóides ao longo do defeito, apresentando maior quantidade de fibras colágenas em relação aos grupos DBB e BCP. Houve maior quantidade de células inflamatórias no DBB aos 45 dias em comparação aos grupos BCP e sham. Conclusões: BCP e DBB são opções para otimizar o uso de enxertos ósseos na reabilitação de pacientes. Defeitos ósseos tratados com BCP mostraram maior deposição de tecido ósseo aos 45 dias.

Riesgos y complicaciones clínicas asociadas con los injertos de origen bovino / The long-term risks and complications of bovine-derived xenografts

La frecuencia de las cirugías relacionadas con implantes dentales que involucran procedimientos de aumento de tejido blando y hueso han aumentado significativamente. Los sustitutos óseos derivados de bovinos han sido, por mucho, los xenoinjertos más utilizados en odontología. Aunque la literatura está repleta de estudios clínicos a favor de los materiales de injerto derivados de bovinos, los estudios que reportan los riesgos y las complicaciones clínicas son escasos. La impresión clínica y la preocupación por la seguridad del paciente llevaron al informe que hemos proporcionado. El objetivo de esta presentación de una serie de casos es crear conciencia sobre los riesgos a largo plazo y las complicaciones clínicas tardías de los materiales de injerto derivados de bovinos. Los pacientes fueron referidos a un consultorio privado debido a complicaciones asociadas con los procedimientos de injerto óseo. Reportamos los datos demográficos, hallazgos médicos y dentales significativos. Las complicaciones incluyeron: sinusitis y patologías del hueso maxilar, desplazamiento de los materiales del injerto, falla del implante, reacción de cuerpo extraño, encapsulación del material, inflamación crónica, fenestraciones de tejidos blandos y quistes asociados. Los materiales de injerto derivados de bovino no fueron biodegradables. La preocupación de los autores es que la morbilidad del paciente puede no reducirse con los xenoinjertos, debido a los riesgos inherentes y a las complicaciones asociadas. La resolución de las lesiones y los síntomas asociados se logró después de la eliminación/ remoción de los materiales del injerto óseo. La extracción quirúrgica de los materiales de xenoinjerto puede requerir habilidades clínicas avanzadas, debido a las diferentes configuraciones que los cirujanos pueden encontrar en las partículas no resorbidas y migradas. Los médicos que buscan proporcionar resultados funcionales y estéticos deben ser conscientes de las complicaciones de los materiales de injerto derivados de bovinos. La seguridad a largo plazo de los xenoinjertos y su posible asociación con la transmisión de enfermedades son preocupaciones válidas (AU)

The frequency of dental implant related surgeries that involve soft and bone augmentation procedures has increased significantly. Bovinederived substitutes have been by far the most commonly used xenografts in dentistry. Albeit literature is replete with clinical studies in favor of bovine-derived graft materials, bibliographical data reporting on risks and clinical complications is scarce. Clinical impression and concern for patients' safety led to the report we have provided. The aim of the present case series was to raise awareness on the long-term risks and late clinical complications of bovine-derived graft materials. Patients were referred to a private practice due to bone augmentation complications. Demographics, significant medical and dental findings are reported. The present report was conceived with the safety of patients in mind. Complications included sinus and maxillary bone pathoses, displacement of the graft materials, oro-antral and oro-nasal communications, paresthesia, implant failure, foreign body reactions, encapsulation, chronic inflammation, soft tissue fenestrations and associated cyst. Bovine-derived graft materials were not biodegradable. Resolution of the associated lesions and symptoms was achieved after the removal of the bone graft materials. Clinicians seeking to provide functional and esthetic outcomes should be aware of the complications of the bovine-derived graft materials. The long-term safety of xenografts and their potential association with disease are valid concerns (AU)

Sinus floor elevation using a new bovine bone grafting material: case report and bone grafting materials update / Actualización en materiales de relleno óseo: reporte de un caso clínico de elevamiento del piso del seno maxilar usando un nuevo material de relleno óseo bovino

Bone grafting is important to preserve the alveolar bone ridge height and volume for dental implant placement. Even though implant-supported overdentures present highly successful outcomes, it seems that a great number of edentulous individuals have not pursued implant-based rehabilitation. The cost of the treatment is one of the reasons of discrepancy between highly successful therapy and its acceptance. Therefore, the development of biomaterials for bone grafting with comparable characteristics and biological effects than those renowned internationally, is necessary. In addition, domestic manufacture would reduce the high costs in public health arising from the application of these biomaterials in the dental feld. The purpose of this clinical case report is to provide preliminary clinical evidence of the efficacy of a new bovine bone graft in the bone healing process when used for sinus floor elevation. (AU)

El uso de injertos óseos es importante para preservar la altura y el volumen de la cresta alveolar para la colocación de implantes dentales. Si bien las sobredentaduras implanto-soportadas presentan resultados altamente exitosos, la mayoría de las personas desdentadas no han sido rehabilitadas mediante implantes dentales. Uno de los principales motivos por los cuales los pacientes no aceptan este tipo de tratamiento, altamente exitoso, es el elevado costo del mismo. Por ello, es necesario el desarrollo de biomateriales de injerto óseo con características y efectos biológicos comparables a los reconocidos internacionalmente. Asimismo, la fabricación nacional reduciría los altos costos en Salud Pública derivados de la aplicación de estos biomateriales en el campo dental. El objetivo de esta comunicación es presentar un caso clínico a fin de proporcionar evidencia preliminar acerca de la eficacia de un nuevo injerto de hueso bovino en el proceso de cicatrización ósea en el levantamiento del piso del seno maxilar. (AU)

Medición electrónica de la longitud de trabajo en forámenes inmaduros simulados: un estudio ex vivo / Electronic working length measurement in teeth with simulated immature foramens: an ex vivo assay

Objetivo: Evaluar ex vivo la confiabilidad de la medición electrónica de la longitud de trabajo obtenida por dos localizadores apicales en forámenes inmaduros simulados. Materiales y métodos: 20 incisivos centrales superiores humanos extraídos con conductos rectos se dividieron en dos grupos de 10 cada uno. En el grupo A, los conductos y los forámenes se prepararon paralelos hasta un calibre #100. En el grupo B, se procedió de manera similar al grupo A, pero los forámenes se prepararon divergentes. Las raíces se recubrieron con una membrana de intestino porcino simulando el ligamento periodontal y se insertaron individualmente en 20 orificios preparados en la tapa de una cuba de acrílico que contenía hueso bovino particulado humedecido. La tapa fue reposicionada en la cuba cuidando que las raíces quedaran sumergidas en el hueso. Mediante una lima K de tercera serie se determinó la longitud de trabajo con los localizadores apicales RootZx y Mini Apex. Luego, se retiró la tapa con los dientes y las membranas, se los preparó hasta un calibre #120 y se midieron nuevamente. Se repitió el procedimiento preparando los forámenes hasta un calibre #140. Se determinó la longitud de trabajo cuando la pantalla de los localizadores apicales marcaba 0,5. Resultados: Las diferencias entre localizadores apicales no fueron significativas, pero sí lo fueron entre ambos tipos de forámenes al prepararlos hasta un calibre #140. Conclusiones: La medición electrónica ex vivo en dientes con forámenes inmaduros simulados fue confiable excepto cuando se prepararon con calibre #140 (AU)

Aim: To evaluate ex vivo the reliability of two apical electronic localizers to determine the working length in teeth with simulated immature foramens. Materials and methods: Twenty extracted upper central human incisors with straight root canals were assigned to two groups of 10 teeth each. In group A, the canal walls and foramens were prepared parallel to a size #100. In group B, the canals were prepared similar but the foramens were divergent. Each root was surrounded with a porcine intestine membrane simulating the periodontal ligament and then placed through holes prepared on the cover of an acrylic box filled with humid particulate bovine bone. The cover holding the teeth was repositioned taking care that the roots were submerged into the particulate bone. A third series K-file along with Root Zx or Mini Apex apical electronic localizers was used to determine the electronic working length. The cover with the teeth and membranes was then removed, the canals were over-prepared to a #120 size file and the electronic working length was measured, then the foramens were widened to a #140 size and the measurements were repeated. The working length was determined when the apical electronic localizers showed 0.5 on the screen. Results: No significant differences were observed between the apical electronic localizers, while significant differences were detected between both types of foramens when prepared to a size #140 (AU)

Un modelo didáctico ex vivo para la medición electrónica de la longitud de trabajo en la enseñanza de grado y posgrado / An ex vivo didactic model for electronically determination of the working length in undergraduate and graduate training

El propósito de este artículo es presentar un modelo didáctico ex vivo para la determinación electrónica de la longitud de trabajo, mediante el empleo de elementos con propiedades similares a los tejidos perirradiculares humanos. El modelo es especialmente aplicable a la enseñanza de grado y posgrado y permite observar paso a paso, en el interior del conducto radicular, de qué manera se desarrolla el proceso de medición electrónica (AU)

The purpose of this article is to describe an ex vivo didactic model to determine the working length using elements with properties similar to periradicular human tissues that are available. The model is specifically designed to be used by undergraduate and graduate students and allowed step by step visual observation of the operation of electronic canal length measuring devices (AU)

Comparative study of different extract methods for protein and peptides from Chinese medicine bovine bone marrow / 中草药

Objective: To study the extraction method, structure information, and antimicrobial activity of the protein and polypeptide components from Chinese medicine bovine bone marrow (BBM) for improvement of its medicinal value. Methods: Ten kinds of extraction and three kinds of preparation methods were used to take the protein content, extraction rate, degree of hydrolysis, antimicrobial activity, and molecular weight as investigation index to screen optimal extraction ability and preparation parts of bovine bone marrow protein (BBMP) and polypeptide. Results: The comprehensive evaluation index of protein extracted in water, NaCl, and Tris-HCl solutions was high, their contents were (52.20 ± 0.58), (50.19 ± 0.21), and (43.21 ± 0.05) mg/mL, respectively. The antimicrobial ability was related to protein content. The SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the proteins from BBM contained approximately secondary subunits which related to protein and peptide with molecular weight in the range of 66 000 and 4 100- 10 000. The LC/MS data showed that the molecular weight of peptide extracted in water, 0.5 mol/L sodium chloride, and 30% (NH4)2SO4 solutions were 1 027.84-9 916.32, 1 131.17-4 989.95, and 1 150.46-9 917.00, respectively, and the results were basically consistent with 1-DE electrophoresis bands. Conclusion: Water extraction method is simple, and fast with relatively low cost, which is suitable for industrial production of BBMP. The SDS-PAGE and LC/MS method is adopted to analyze and provide a theoretical basis for construction of BBMP fingerprint.

Preliminary study on the biocompatibility and osteoconductive properties of a new bovine bone graft / Estudio preliminar sobre las propiedades de biocompatibilidad y osteoconductividad de un nuevo injerto de hueso bovino

To prevent post-extraction resorption and preserve the integrity of the alveolar ridges, the placement of bone grafts at the time of extraction is recommended. Bovine bone grafts are biocompatibile and osteoconductive, allowing new bone apposition by osteoprogenitor cells. Although there are trademarks recognized internationally regarding bovine bone grafts, they are expensive and even difficult to acquire. Therefore, domestic industry development of high quality biomaterials will reduce the public health high costs in the dental field. Here, we evaluated and compared the effects of an Argentinean manufactured bovine bone graft (Synergy Bone Matrix) with a bovine bone graft recognized for its osteoconductive effects (Bio-Oss), on bone healing in an experimental model in rats. We created critical sized bone defects in rat tibiae and filled them with either one of the bovine bone grafts or control. Clinical responses, X-ray findings, bone mineral density, and histological parameters were evaluated. No abscess, encapsulation, suppuration or inflammation of lymphatic nodes were observed. Radiographically, all implants were amalgamated to the surrounding bony margins, suggesting proper healing. On the other hand, control tibiae exhibited no signs of recovery and remained either unfilled or showed fibrous tissue formation. No statistical differences were observed in BMC and BMD between tibiae filled with Synergy Bone Matrix or Bio-Oss. Histological analysis revealed particles of both bone grafts surrounded by laminar bone tissue indicating osteoconductivity, without any inflammatory sign. This preliminary study suggests that Synergy Bone Matrix, as well as Bio-Oss, present similar properties of biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. (AU)

Para prevenir la resorción post-exodoncia y preservar la integridad de los rebordes alveolares, se recomienda la colocación de injertos óseos en el momento de la extracción. Los injertos de hueso bovino son biocompatibles y osteoconductivos, permitiendo nueva aposición ósea por células osteoprogenitoras. Existen marcas internacionales de injertos de hueso bovino, pero resultan caros e incluso difíciles de adquirir. Por ello, la elaboración de biomateriales de alta calidad, nacionales, reduciría los altos costos de salud pública en odontología. En este estudio, se evaluaron y compararon los efectos de un injerto de hueso bovino fabricado en Argentina (Synergy Bone Matrix) versus un injerto de hueso bovino reconocido por sus efectos osteoconductivos (Bio-Oss), en el proceso de cicatrización ósea en un modelo experimental en ratas. Para ello, creamos un defecto óseo crítico en tibia de rata el cual se rellenó con uno de los injertos de hueso bovino o control. Se evaluó: respuesta clínica y radiográfica, densidad mineral ósea e histología. No se observaron abscesos, encapsulación, supuración o inflamación de los ganglios linfáticos. Radiográficamente, todos los implantes se integraron a los márgenes óseos circundantes, sugiriendo una cicatrización adecuada. Por el contrario, las tibias control no mostraron signos de recuperación con formación de tejido fibroso. No se observaron diferencias estadísticas en las BMC y BMD entre las tibias Synergy Bone Matrix o Bio-Oss. La histología reveló partículas de ambos injertos óseos rodeadas por tejido óseo laminar indicando osteoconductividad sin signos inflamatorios. Este estudio preliminar sugiere que Synergy Bone Matrix presenta propiedades similares de biocompatibilidad y osteoconductividad que Bio-Oss. (AU)

Respuesta tisular en defectos tratados con matriz ósea de origen bovino o humano / Tissue response in treated defects with bovine or human bone matrix

El objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar la respuesta tisular en defectos tratados con matriz óseo de origen bovino y humano. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con 12 conejos en los cuales se confeccionaron dos defectos en la calota craneana de acuerdo a procesos convencionales. Cada defecto fue aleatoriamente rellenado con matriz ósea bovina o con matriz ósea humana; se realizaron evaluaciones histológicas a las 7 y 15 semanas de realizada la cirugía (6 animales en cada grupo). A las 7 semanas se identificó un leve infiltrado inflamatorio y claras diferencias entre el hueso periférico y el sitio injertado, mientras que a las 15 semanas se observo la persistencia de algunas partículas injertadas y la presencia de hueso nuevo formado en el defecto; no se logró identificar diferencias en la secuencia de reparación o retrasos en la misma con ninguno de los dos materiales. Se concluye que ambos materiales son útiles en la regeneración ósea en el presente modelo experimental.

The aim of this research was to compare the tissue response in treated defects with bone matrix with bovine or human origin. Was realized a descriptive study with 12 rabbits where was executed two defects in the skull in relation to conventional techniques. Randomized defects were used to put bone matrix with bovine or human origin; histological exam was realized in the week number 7 and 15 with 6 animals each. At 7 weeks was observed a limited inflammatory infiltrate with clear differences between the peripheral bone and the filled bone and in the 15 weeks of analysis was observed the presence of some particulate of the bone graft beside a new bone into the defect; was not observed any differences in the sequence of repair or delayed in the bovine or human material. It´s concluded that both materials are useful in bone regeneration for this experimental model.

Effectiveness Of Direct Sinus LiftWith Simultaneous Implant Placement And Bone Grafting.

Background & Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim to clinically and radiographically evaluate the efficacy and efficiency of the direct sinus lift with simultaneous implant placement and bone grafting, and to evaluate bone height with the merits and demerits of lateral approach for sinus membrane elevation. Methodology: This randomized prospective study consisted of 10 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were selected irrespective of the age, sex & socioeconomic status, with the residual alveolar bone height between 1 to 4 mm in the edentulous posterior maxillary region. Direct sinus lift was carried out with simultaneous implant placement. Bovine graft (xenograft) was used as a sole grafting material. Patients were followed up for 36 months of prosthetic rehabilitation. Results: Pre-operative alveolar bone height was on an average 2.9 mm (ranging from 1 to 4 mm) with the standard deviation of 0.67 mm. After 36 months of loading, there wasn’t any clinical or radiographical complication. On an average 13 mm bone height was evident (ranging from 11.5 to 14 mm) with the standard deviation of 0.81 mm. Conclusion: Direct sinus lift is an excellent technique for the rehabilitation in the cases with severely atrophic posterior maxilla.

Histomorphometric Evaluation of Onlay Freeze-Dried Block Bone and Deproteinized Bovine Bone with Collagen in Rat

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of human freeze-dried bone block (FDBB) and deproteinized bovine bone with collagen (DBBC) on bone formation when applied as an onlay graft in rat calvariums. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats received collagen sponge (control), FDBB, or DBBC onlay grafts trimmed into 8-mm disks measuring 4-mm height. Each graft was secured onto the calvarium surface using horizontal mattress sutures. Rats in each group were killed at 2 (n=5) or 8 (n=5) weeks postoperatively for histologic and histomorphometric analysis. The total augmented area (mm²), new bone area (mm²), and bone density (%) were measured. The FDBB and DBBC groups showed significantly more new bone formation and bone density than the control group at 2 and 8 weeks. The increased new bone area was significantly greater in the FDBB group than in the DBBC group (p<0.05). The total augmented area was significantly higher in the FDBB and DBBC groups at 2 and 8 weeks than in the control group (p<0.05), and at 8 weeks, the area was significantly decreased in the DBBC group compared to that in the FDBB group and the area at 2 weeks (p<0.05). Within the limitations of the present study, we concluded that onlay FDBB and DBBC grafts caused new bone formation through an osteoconductive mechanism. In addition, compared to FDBB, DBBC had less capacity to form new bone and maintain the space.

Effects of Block Bone Substitutes Loaded with Escherichia Coli-Produced Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 on Space Maintenance and Bone Formation in Rat Calvarial Onlay Model

We aimed to evaluate the effects of onlay-type grafted human freeze-dried corticocancellous bone block (FDBB) and deproteinized bovine bone with collagen (DBBC) loaded with Escherichia coli-produced recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (ErhBMP-2) on space maintenance and new bone formation in rat calvaria. Collagen sponge (CS), FDBB, or DBBC disks (8×4 mm) with ErhBMP-2 (2.5 µg) were implanted onto the calvaria of male Sprague-Dawley rats, whereas CS with buffer was implanted onto the calvaria as controls (n=20/carrier). Rats were killed at 2 or 8 weeks post-surgery for histologic and histomorphometric analyses; total augmented area, new bone area, and bone density were evaluated. At both time-points, all ErhBMP-2 groups showed significantly higher new bone area and bone density than the control group (p<0.05). ErhBMP-2/FDBB and ErhBMP-2/DBBC groups showed significantly higher total augmented area than ErhBMP-2/CS group (8 weeks), and ErhBMP-2/FDBB group showed significantly higher new bone area and bone density than ErhBMP-2/DBBC group (p<0.05). ErhBMP-2/CS group showed the highest bone density (p<0.05). Combining ErhBMP-2 with FDBB or DBBC could significantly improve onlay graft outcomes, by new bone formation and bone density increase. Moreover, onlay-grafted FDBB and DBBC with ErhBMP-2 could be an alternative to autogenous block onlay bone graft.

Effect of hydroxyapatite on critical-sized defect / 대한악안면성형재건외과학회지

BACKGROUND: Xenologous or synthetic graft materials are commonly used as an alternative for autografts for guided bone regeneration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effectiveness of carbonate apatite on the critical-size bone defect of rat's calvarium. METHODS: Thirty-six critical-size defects were created on 18 adult male Sprague-Dawley rat calvaria under general anesthesia. Calvarial bones were grinded with 8 mm in daimeter bilaterally and then filled with (1) no grafts (control, n = 10 defects), (2) bovine bone mineral (Bio-Oss®, Geistlich Pharma Ag. Swiss, n = 11 defects), and (3) hydroxyapatite (Bongros®, Bio@ Inc., Seongnam, Korea, n = 15 defects). At 4 and 8 weeks after surgery, the rats were sacrificed and all samples were processed for histological and histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS: At 4 weeks after surgery, group 3 (42.90 ± 9.33 %) showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) compared to the control (30.50 ± 6.05 %) and group 2 (28.53 ± 8.62 %). At 8 weeks after surgery, group 1 (50.21 ± 6.23 %), group 2 (54.12 ± 10.54 %), and group 3 (50.92 ± 6.05 %) showed no significant difference in the new bone formation. CONCLUSIONS: Bongros®-HA was thought to be the available material for regenerating the new bone formation.

The efficacy of calcined natural bovine bone(CBB)in the treatment of bone defects in animal / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To observe the efficacy of calcined bovine bone(CBB)in the repair of animal bone defects.Methods:Ca-nine alveolar bone defect model,rat and rabbit calvarial critical size defect models were established respectively.All animals were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=6).The defects in the experimental group were repaire with CBB,those in the control group were not treated.The effects were observed by HE staining,Micro CT and Masson trichrome staining.Results:Canin alveolar bone de-fects were well repaired 8 week after operation.The skull defects in rabbits and SD rats were replaced by new bone 1 2 and 8 weeks after operation respectively.In all the control groups bone defects were not healed or not completely repaired.Conclusion:CBB is ef-fective in the repair of bone defects.

Implant Placement in Fresh Extraction Socket with Simultaneous Bone Regeneration.

The aim of this manuscript is to describe a case of immediate implant placement with simultaneous bone regeneration. A brief review of the literature and the biological rationale is also described in the manuscript. Presentation of Case: A 42 years old woman Affected by a crown-root fracture referred to our Department. After careful extraction, an implant was inserted immediately as well as a simultaneous bone grafting to reduce post-extractional socket-shrinking. After osseointegration (4 months) the implant was loaded and the clinical and radiographic follow-up is presented. A Cone beam computed tomography was also made to show the integrity and the preservation of buccal bone plate one year after loading. Discussion: A traumatic extraction, three-dimensionally positioning of the fixture, the simultaneous bone graft insertion and a tension free wound closure has allowed us to achieve healing without complications and a good clinical result. Conclusion: The use of bone regeneration around immediate implant can help us to obtain good functional and esthetic outcomes.

Can Inorganic Bovine Bone Grafts Present Distinct Properties?

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of 3 mineralized bovine inorganic biomaterials and correlate them with the dissolution rate. Bio-Oss(r), GenoxInorgânico(r), and Bonefill(r) were examined using field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface area (BET), calcium/phosphorous molar ratio and a dissolution assay. Bio-Oss(r) showed a micro- and nanoporous structure consisting of 15-nm hydroxyapatite (HA) crystallites; Genox(r), a microporous structure composed of 39-nm HA crystallites; and Bonefill(r), micro- and nanoporous structure of indeterminable crystallite size. FTIR analysis showed that Bio-Oss(r) and Genox(r) were composed of calcium phosphate. The absorption bands of phosphate were poorly defined in Bonefill(r). By XRD, Bio-Oss(r) was shown to contain peaks related to the carbonated HA, whereas Genox(r) only contained peaks corresponding to HA. The broad bands in Bonefill(r) indicated low crystallinity. Bio-Oss(r) showed a greater surface area and calcium release rate than that of Genox(r). Although all biomaterials were of bovine origin, the different manufacturing processes result in materials with different physicochemical properties and may influence the biological and clinical response.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características físico-químicas de 3 biomateriais bovinos inorgânicos mineralizados e correlacioná-los com a taxa de dissolução. Bio-Oss(r), Genox Inorgânico(r) e Bonefill(r) foram caracterizados por microscopia eletrônica de varredura com fonte de emissão por efeito de campo (MEV-FEG), espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR), difração de raios-X (DRX), área superficial específica (BET), razão molar cálcio/fósforo e análise da dissolução. Bio-Oss(r) mostrou uma estrutura micro e nanoporosa consistindo de cristalitos de hidroxiapatita (HA) de 15 nm; Genox(r), uma estrutura microporosa composta de cristalitos de HA de 39 nm e Bonefill(r), estrutura micro e nanoporosa com tamanho indeterminável de cristalito. Análises de FTIR mostraram que Bio-Oss(r) e Genox(r) eram compostos por fosfato de cálcio. As bandas de absorção de fosfato encontraram-se pouco definidas no Bonefill(r). Por DRX, Bio-Oss(r) mostrou picos relacionados à HA carbonatada, enquanto Genox(r) somente apresentou picos correspondentes à HA; as bandas alargadas no Bonefill(r) indicaram baixa cristalinidade. Bio-Oss(r) apresentou maior área de superfície e taxa de liberação de cálcio quando comparado ao Genox(r). Embora todos os biomateriais fossem de origem bovina, os diferentes processos de manufatura resultam em materiais com diferentes propriedades físico-químicas e podem influenciar a resposta biológica e clínica.

The comparision of the outcomes of guide bone regeneration by calcined bovine bone and Bio-Oss graft material in alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To compare the outcomes of guide bone regeneration by calcined bovine bone and Bio-Oss graft material in alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction.Methods:280 patients were divided into two groups randomly.Each patient had single tooth extracted.The sockets were filled with calcined bovine bone in 140 patients and Bio-Oss graft in another 140 patients. After shaping,all the sockets were covered with Bio-Gide membrane.Buccal mucoperiosteal flap was released and sutured to close the alveolar sockets.The patients were regularly examined at the 1st,12th and 24th week after surgery.Physical examination and X-ray evaluation were applied to compare the outcomes of the two materials in alveolar ridge preservation.Results:No infection and re-jection occurred.The radiographic results showed the width and height of the alveolar bone were preserved well at the 12th and 24th weeks.No statistically difference was found in the two groups at the 1st and 24th weeks(P>0.05).Conclusion:The two graft ma-terials can effectively preserve alveolar bone after tooth extraction.

Regeneración ósea en defectos críticos tratados con matriz ósea bovina inorgánica aplicada con dos diferentes vehículos / Bone regeneration in critical defect treated with bovine inorganic bone matrix with two different carriers

Múltiples materiales se han utilizado en la reconstrucción ósea; la matriz ósea bovina ha sido ampliamente estudiada y aun existen investigaciones que identifican su capacidad de contribuir en la formación ósea. El objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer la reparación ósea en defectos críticos de calotas de perros rellenados con matriz ósea bovina inorgánica transportada con carboxi-metil-celulosa. Se diseñó un estudio experimental en 6 perros donde se realizaron 3 defectos de 8mm de diámetro en los parietales de cada animal; el defecto fue rellenado aleatoriamente con hueso autógeno particulado (grupo I), matriz ósea bovina inorgánica con suero fisiológico al 0,9 por ciento (grupo II) y matriz ósea bovina con carboxi-metil-celulosa (grupo III). Se realizó el sacrificio de los animales a la tercera y sexta semana momento en el que se realizaron los estudios radiográficos de los defectos tratados y los estudios histológicos de rutina con tinciones de hematoxilina-eosina. No se observó procesos infecciosos vinculados a los materiales injertados. En el grupo del hueso autógeno se observó una adecuada aposición ósea en la tercera y sexta semana junto a una relación correcta con la imagen radiográfica; en el grupo II se observó etapas de formación ósea y permanencia de los fragmentos de hueso injertado; en el grupo III se observó infiltrado inflamatorio en los dos periodos de sacrificio, abundante tejido conectivo y bajo nivel de formación ósea. Las radiografías de los grupos II y III mostraron signos de formación ósea que en la histología eran sólo remanentes del material injertado. Se concluye que la matriz ósea bovina inorgánica es compatible con el tejido óseo y que puede contribuir a la formación ósea aunque el empleo de la carboxi-metil-celulosa, como vehículo, podría obstaculizar la regeneración ósea.

In bone reconstruction has been used different bioamterials; bovine bone matrix has been studied and nowadays new research analyses the capacity for bone regeneration. The aim of this research was to evaluate the bone reparation in critical defects on skull of dog filled with inorganic bovine bone matrix carried by carboxi-methyl-celulose. Was design an experimental research with 6 dog; on parietal bone was realized a 8mm diameter defect with a trephine and the defect was filled by particle autogenous bone (group I), inorganic bovine bone matrix carried with saline solution (0,9 percent) (group II) and inorganic bovine bone matrix carried with carboxi-methyl-celulose. Was realized the sacrifice of animals in a third and sixth week and was performed the radiographic image and the histological study with hemaotoxilin-eusin in a routine technique. Non infection was observed in any of sample. In the autogenous bone graft was observed an adequately bone formation in the third and sixth week analyses and was related to radiographic image; for group II was observed some bone formation and presence of bovine bone particles and for group III was observed inflammatory cells for two period of analyses with a low level of bone formation. The radiographic analyses show sign of bone formation but histological analyses show only permanence of bovine bone particles confounding the radiograph results. Is conclude that bovine bone inorganic matrix in COMPATIBLE con bone tissue and can contributed to bone formation although the use of carboxi-methyl-celulose can be an obstacle for bone regeneration.