Prevalencia de algunas enfermedades infecciosas en bovinos de resguardos indígenas del cauca, colombia, 2017 / Prevalence of some infectious diseases in cattle of the indigenous resguards in cauca, colombia 2017

RESUMEN La zona del Cauca posee resguardos indígenas que han presentado diferentes problemáticas asociadas a la lucha armada en Colombia, lo que ha limitado que las entidades puedan realizar programas de control de enfermedades bovinas. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la prevalencia de algunas enfermedades infecciosas, de carácter reproductivo, en el ganado bovino, de tres resguardos indígenas del Cauca, 2017. Se recolectaron muestras sanguíneas de 30 vacas, para determinar la prevalencia de Neospora caninum, Brucella abortus, diarrea viral bovina (DVB), rinotraqueitis infecciosa bovina (IBR) y Leptospira sp. serovares Hardjo prajitno, bovis y Pomona. Las pruebas, se realizaron por ELISA, rosa de bengala y microaglutinación. Mediante el software R, se efectuó un análisis descriptivo y se determinaron las prevalencias para cada enfermedad, se estimaron las co-infecciones y se realizó un modelo de regresión logística, para determinar el efecto del hato, resguardo, componente racial, grupo etario, número de animales y tamaño del hato, sobre la positividad a las enfermedades. Se encontró una prevalencia del 36%, para N. caninum; 60%, DVB; 30%, IBR; 0%, B. abortus; Leptospira spp. serovares Harjo prajitno, 26%; Hardjo bovis, 12% y Pomona, 10%. De acuerdo con el análisis de riesgo, la seropositividad para DVB e IBR estuvo asociada con el resguardo donde habitaban los animales, en este caso, Tacueyó tuvo más riesgo y estuvo directamente relacionado con el área de los hatos; entre mayor área más animales fueron positivos. En general, se encontró que la situación de la zona es similar a la de otros lugares de Colombia.

ABSTRACT The Cauca region in Colombia has indigenous reservations that have presented different problems associated with the armed conflict, which has limited the entities to carry out bovine disease control programs. Therefore, the aim of this work was to determine the prevalence of some infectious diseases of reproductive traits in cattle of three indigenous resguards in Cauca, 2017. Blood samples of 30 cows were collected to determine the prevalence of Neospora caninum, Brucella abortus, bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and Leptospira sp. serovars Hardjo prajitno, bovis and Pomona. The tests were performed by ELISA, rose bengal and microscopic agglutination. Using R software, a descriptive analysis was carried out and the frequencies for each disease were estimated. In addition, coinfections between diseases were estimated and a logistic regression model was performed to determine the effect of the herd, reservation, racial component, age group, number of animals and size of the farm on the disease positivity. The prevalence was N. caninum 36%, BVD 60%, IBR 30%, B. abortus 0%, Leptospira spp. serovars Hardjo prajitno 26%, Hardjo bovis 12%, y Pomona 10%. According to the risk analysis, the seropositivity for BVD and IBR were associated with the place where the animals lived, in this case Tacueyó, but this was directly related to the size of the herds, since the greater, the area more animals were positive. In general, it was found that the situation in the region is similar to that of other sites in Colombia.

Seroprevalence of bovine leptospiral antibodies by microscopic agglutination test in Southeast of Iran

Objective:To evaluate serological findings of bovine leptospirosis which is a zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution caused by Leptospira interrogans. Methods: One hundred and sixty seven sera were collected from 9 commercial dairy herds in jiroft suburbs, from July to October 2011. Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was used to evaluates serological findings of bovine leptospirosis in Jiroft suburb dairy farms, Kerman province, Iran. Results:Antibodies were found by MAT at least against one serovar of Leptospira interrogans in 29 samples (17.36%) among 167 sera at a dilution 1:100 or higher, and Leptospira pomona was the most prevalent serovar. Positive titers against more than one serovar were detected in 6 sera of the positive samples. Conclusion:This study is the first report of leptospirosis in Southeast Iran and showed that Leptospira pomona was the most and Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae the least prevalent serovars in Southeast Iran.

Seroprevalence of bovine leptospiral antibodies by microscopic agglutination test in Southeast of Iran

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate serological findings of bovine leptospirosis which is a zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution caused by Leptospira interrogans.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and sixty seven sera were collected from 9 commercial dairy herds in jiroft suburbs, from July to October 2011. Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was used to evaluates serological findings of bovine leptospirosis in Jiroft suburb dairy farms, Kerman province, Iran.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Antibodies were found by MAT at least against one serovar of Leptospira interrogans in 29 samples (17.36%) among 167 sera at a dilution 1:100 or higher, and Leptospira pomona was the most prevalent serovar. Positive titers against more than one serovar were detected in 6 sera of the positive samples.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study is the first report of leptospirosis in Southeast Iran and showed that Leptospira pomona was the most and Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae the least prevalent serovars in Southeast Iran.</p>

Seroprevalence of bovine leptospiral antibodies by microscopic agglutination test in Southeast of Iran

Objective: To evaluate serological findings of bovine leptospirosis which is a zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution caused by Leptospira interrogans. Methods: One hundred and sixty seven sera were collected from 9 commercial dairy herds in jiroft suburbs, from July to October 2011. Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was used to evaluates serological findings of bovine leptospirosis in Jiroft suburb dairy farms, Kerman province, Iran. Results: Antibodies were found by MAT at least against one serovar of Leptospira interrogans in 29 samples (17.36%) among 167 sera at a dilution 1:100 or higher, and Leptospira pomona was the most prevalent serovar. Positive titers against more than one serovar were detected in 6 sera of the positive samples. Conclusion: This study is the first report of leptospirosis in Southeast Iran and showed that Leptospira pomona was the most and Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae the least prevalent serovars in Southeast Iran.

Análisis retrospectivo de las pruebas diagnósticas de leptospirosis bovina procesadas en la unidad de investigación y diagnóstico de leptospirosis de la Universidad del Zulia 1998-2001 / Retrospective analysis of bovine leptospirosis diagnostic tests performered at the research and diagnosis unit of leptospirosis of Zulia University 1998-2001

En el presente estudio se analizaron los resultados de sueros de bovinos procesados en la Unidad de Investigación y Diagnóstico de Leptospirosis de la Universidad del Zulia durante el período 1998-2001. De un total de 819 muestras provenientes de la región occidental de Venezuela, procesadas mediante la Técnica de Microaglutinación (MAT), se observó que 38 por ciento animales fueron seropositivos a uno o más serovares. Los serovares icterohaemorrhagiae (49 por ciento), hardjo (45 por ciento) y hebdomadis (44 por ciento) fueron los más frecuentes, sin evidenciar diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre si. En cuanto a la vacunación, se observó un 56 por ciento de seropositividad en animales no vacunados y 26 por ciento en animales vacunados. En relación a la edad, se obtuvo un 46 por ciento de seropositividad en animales mayores de 48 meses de edad, 35 por ciento en animales entre 12 y 48 meses de edad y 100 por ciento en bovinos menores de 12 meses de edad. De 270 animales con registros clínicos completos, 99 por ciento reportaron abortos como signo clínico más relevante, de los cuales el 49 por ciento fueron realmente positivos a leptospirosis. Se concluye que L. icterohaemorrhagiae y L. hardjo, fueron los serovares que circularon mayormente en el ganado bovino en la región occidental de Venezuela desde 1998 hasta 2001, siendo asociados en varias oportunidades a problemas abortivos. También se observó que los animales no vacunados presentaron una mayor seropositividad que los vacunados. Este estudio permitirá establecer una línea base para comparar las seroprevalencias actuales y futuras de la leptospirosis bovina en esta región, aportando información epidemiológica importante que permita el mejoramiento de medidas de prevención y control en contra de esta enfermedad.

Results from bovine serum samples processed at the Unit of Investigation and Diagnose of Leptospirosis of Zulia University, during the period 1998-2001 were analyzed in the present study. From a total of 819 samples submitted across the Western region in Venezuela, 38 percent were positive to one or more serovars by the Microagglutination Test (MAT). The most frequent serovars observed were icterohaemorrhagiae (49 percent), hardjo (45 percent) and hebdomadis (44 percent), however, no statistical significant differences were found between them. In regards to vaccination, 56 percent of the non-vaccinated animals and 26 percent of the vaccinated were seropositive. The age distribution showed that 46 percent of the animals older than 48 months, 35 percent of the animals between 12 and 48 months-old, and 100 percent of the animals younger than 12 months-old were positive to leptospira. From 270 animals with complete clinical records, 99 percent reported abortion as the main clinical sign, and 49 percent of them were indeed positives to leptospirosis. In conclusion, L. icterohaemorrhagiae and L. hardjo were the most common serovars circulating in the cattle population in the Western region in Venezuela between 1998 and 2001, in which several cases were associated with reproductive problems. It was also observed that non-vaccinated animals presented a higher seropositivity than animals that were vaccinated. This study will allow the establishment of a baseline to compare present and future studies on Bovine Leptospirosis in this region, providing important epidemiological information to be used in improving preventive and control measures against this disease.

Leptospirosis serosurvey in bovines from Brazilian Pantanal using IGG ELISA with recombinant protein LipL32 and microscopic agglutination test

This investigation was carried out in Brazilian Pantanal: region with important biodiversity. This region's climatic conditions, hydrology and geomorphology as well as the existence of great variety of wild species favor the maintenance of the Leptospira in the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate IgG ELISA with recombinant protein LipL32 in comparison with microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and additionally contribute to the knowledge of the distribution of the one of most important worldwide zoonotic infection, assessing the seropositivity of bovine leptospirosis in beef cattle herds of Brazilian Pantanal, an important ecological preserved area, where cattle constitute not only the most important economic resource but also the major activity compatible of the conservation of natural resource of the region. Out of 282 samples of cattle serum analyzed, 143 (50.71 percent) were positive in MAT. The serovar Hardjo (genotypic Hardjoprajitno and Hardjobovis), Wolffi and Ballum showed the largest frequency of reactive samples. In the IgG ELISA rLipL32, 161 samples (57.09 percent) were positive. This result was higher than obtained by MAT (p<0.001). The sensitivity of the ELISA test was 99.30 percent and the specificity was 86.33 percent, based on the MAT. This test was shown to be a more sensitive, specific and accurate test for the diagnosis of bovine leptospirosis compared to the MAT.

Este estudo foi realizado no Pantanal brasileiro: região que apresenta importante biodiversidade. As condições de clima, hidrologia e geomorfologia dessa região, bem como a existência de grande variedade de espécies animais silvestres, favorecem a manutenção da Leptospira no meio ambiente. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o ELISA IgG com proteína recombinante LipL32 em comparação com a soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM) para o diagnóstico sorológico de Leptospira. Adicionalmente, contribuir para o conhecimento da distribuição da leptospirose bovina, uma das mais importantes zoonoses mundialmente distribuída. Foi avaliada a soropositividade para essa bactéria em rebanhos bovinos de corte da região do Pantanal, uma área onde o bovino constitui não apenas o recurso econômico mais importante, como também a principal atividade econômica compatível com a conservação dos recursos naturais da região. Das 282 amostras de soro bovino analisadas, 143 (50,71 por cento) foram positivas na SAM. O sorovar Hardjo (genótipos Hardjoprajitno e Hardjobovis), Wolffi e Ballum apresentaram freqüências altas de amostras reativas. No IgG ELISA rLipL32, 161 amostras (57,09 por cento) foram positivas, apresentando esse teste uma maior soropositividade em relação à SAM (p<0,001). A Sensibilidade do ELISA em comparação com a SAM foi de 99,30 por cento e a especificidade de 86,33 por cento. O IgG ELISA rLipL32 mostrou ser um teste sensível, específico e de alta acurácia para o diagnóstico de leptospirose bovina.