ABSTRACT
Introdução: Os cistos branquiais são tumores congênitos laterais, resultantes de defeitos de desenvolvimento embrionário que afetam os arcos branquiais.1 As anomalias congênitas cervicais são mais comumente diagnosticadas nos primeiros anos de vida. Objetivo: Informar, discutir e analisar condutas para tratamento desse tipo de cisto congênito. Método:Relato de caso e análise de dados, diagnósticos e conduta baseada na literatura referente a Cisto Branquial da 4° Fenda. Resultados:Os cistos podem se manifestar tardiamente, mas as fístulas são, quase sempre, diagnosticadas ao nascimento ou na infância.São extremamente raros, estima-se que 95% das anomalias das fendas branquiais sejam da 2ª fenda; das 5% restantes, quase todas são da 1ª ou 3ª fenda.O diagnóstico é primariamente clínico, mas a ultrassonografia pode auxiliar no diagnóstico diferencial de um cisto branquial. O tratamento das anomalias branquiais é a excisão cirúrgica. Lactente sexo feminino, 9 meses de idade em acompanhamento de cisto branquial com conduta conservadora. O surgimento da massa se deu logo ao nascimento, havendo drenagem espontânea do cisto para o esôfago alguns dias depois. Após nove meses paciente retorna devido aumento progressivo da lesão que correlacionando com exame físico, exames de imagem levaram ao diagnóstico de cisto de 4º fenda branquial. Realizada cirurgia para remoção de Cisto juntamente com retirada de lobo esquerdo da tireoide (tireoidectomia parcial). Conclusão:Após a exerese da lesão paciente evoluiu satisfatoriamente sendo encaminhado para enfermaria e posteriormente alta com acompanhamento ambulatorial com pediatra geral.
Introduction: Branchial cysts are congenital tumors, resulting from embryonic defects that affect the branchial arches. Congenital cervical abnormalities are usually diagnosed in the first years of life. Objective: To inform, discuss and analyze treatment approaches for this type of congenital cyst. Method: Case report and analysis of data, diagnoses and approaches based on the literature addressing Fourth Branchial Cleft Cysts. Results: Cysts can manifest late, but fistulas are almost always diagnosed at birth or in childhood. They are extremely rare: it is estimated that 95% of branchial cleft anomalies involve the second cleft; of the remaining 5%, almost all arise from the first and third clefts. There are about 45 cases of fourth cleft cysts reported in the literature. The diagnosis is primarily clinical, but the ultrasound can be used for the differential diagnosis of a branchial cyst. Computed tomography will show air-fluid level in the anterior portion of the neck, in front of the thyroid and trachea, which may compress the trachea, causing respiratory distress in childhood. The treatment of branchial anomalies is surgical excision. A 9-month old female patient was being followed up after conservative treatment of a cervical mass (branchial cyst). The cyst appeared immediately after birth, but there was there was spontaneous drainage of the cyst into the esophagus a few days later. After nine months, the patient returned due to a progressive increase of the lesion, which, after physical examination and imaging exams, led to the diagnosis of a fourth branchial cleft cyst. A surgical procedure was performed to remove the cyst along with the left thyroid lobe (partial thyroidectomy). Conclusion: After the excision of the lesion, the patient made a good recovery. She was then referred to the infirmary and later discharged with outpatient follow-up by a general pediatrician.
ABSTRACT
: The branchial apparatus consists of six arches that are separated from each other by branchial clefts and pharyngeal pouches. Its development is complex and multiple congenital defects can occur; including branchial cleft cysts, sinuses and fistulas, thymic cysts, aberrant thymic tissue and parathyroid cysts. The majority arises from the second branchial arch and they correspond to vestigial remnants from incomplete obliteration of the branchial apparatus or buried epithelial cell rests. Imaging studies are very helpful in the diagnosis and characterization of these anomalies, and require a good understanding of the embryogenesis. Considering the anatomical location and the radiological appearance the diagnosis could be precised in most cases. The purpose of this presentation is to show the appearance of some of the most frequent congenital anomalies of the branchial apparatus using different imaging modalities and emphasizing the normal embryologic development.
El aparato branquial, formado por seis arcos separados por hendiduras extemas y bolsas faríngeas en su parte interna, tiene un complejo desarrollo del cual pueden derivar anomalías como senos, fístulas o quistes y alteraciones del timo o glándula paratiroi-des. La mayoría de las malformaciones derivan del segundo componente branquial. Los estudios de imagen son útiles para el diagnóstico y caracterización de estas lesiones que será más exacta con un adecuado conocimiento del desarrollo embriológico. El objetivo de esta presentación es revisar la embriología y el aspecto más común en imágenes de algunas de estas anomalías.