ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT OF THREE KINDS OF FERTILIZERS ON THE CROP YIELD OF BRASSICA CAMPESTRIS (L.)

Farmers of the western Uttar Pradesh state of the country ,applying different kinds of chemical fertilizers into their cropping fields for better crop yield.But continuous use of these fertilizers for a long time period, reduce the fertility power of the soil.Thereby several researchers carried out research work on these lines and proved that as per current requirement, use of chemical fertilizers into the soil system is not suitable for fertile soil.In the present studies, three kinds of fertilizers were used for the better production of Brassica campestris. It was assessed and recorded that maximum production of Brassica was noticed 2.17 times more in those experimental plots who were treated with the vermicompost, prepared by earthworms, of the genus Eisenia fetida than that of plots treated with the market fertilizers (NPK and Urea). Although, Farm Yard Manure (FYM) biocompost also showed better results than the chemical fertilizers and control (without any fertilizers). Hence, these studies concluded that use of chemical fertilizers should be stopped and use of biofertilizers should be accepted and started in the form of vermicompost and FYM into the cropping fields for better crop yield of various crops.

Nitrogenous Chemical Constituents from Brassica campestris Seeds / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study nitrogenous chemical constituents from the seeds of Brassica campestris. Method:The aerial parts of nonfat seeds were extracted with 75% ethanol heat refluxing method,then suspended in H2O and separated with ligarine and ethyl acetate to obtain respective fractions.Chemical constituents were isolated and purified by various chromatographic methods and identified by physicochemical characters and spectroscopic analysis or comparison with standard compounds. Result:Thirteen nitrogenous chemical compounds were isolated and identified as coixspirolactam C (1),indole-3-acetonitrile (2),2-β-D-glucopyranosylsulfanyl-1H-indole-3-acetonitrile (3),nicotinic acid (4),adenosine (5), 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde (6),4-hydroxy-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde (7),6-hydroxy-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid (8),ethyl 2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxylate (9),5-hydroxy-4(1H)-quinazolinone (10),4-hydroxy-2-quinazolinone (11),5-hydroxy-quinazoline-2(1H),4(3H)-dione (12),5-allyloxazolidin-2-one (13). Conclusion:All of the compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, and compounds 1,3 and 13 were isolated from Brassica for the first time.

Development of an Efficient Plant Regeneration System of Field Mustard (Brassica campestris).

Aims: The present study was conducted with a view to develop an efficient protocol for high frequency plant regeneration of Brassica campestris for further crop improvement program by biotechnological manipulation and to optimize this system for regeneration of a number of B. campestris genotypes. Study Design: Completely Randomized Design. Place and Duration of Study: This experiment was carried out in the Genetic Engineering Laboratory of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh during the period of July 2013 to June 2014. Methodology: Cotyledon and hypocotyl explants of B. campestris cv. BARI sarisha-12 were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and α-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for callus initiation and shoot regeneration. Later on subsequent subculturing is done for shoot elongation and multiplication. MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of NAA were used for root formation. Results: From a total of 15 different combinations of BAP and NAA tested, the combination of 1.0 mg L-1 BAP and 0.5 mg L-1 NAA gave the highest frequency of callus initiation (94.44%) as well as shoot regeneration (63.89%) in case of cotyledon explants where as hypocotyl explants showed 47.62% callus initiation and 19.04% shoot regeneration frequency. Four days old cotyledon explants showed the highest shoot regeneration frequency (72.22%) and higher number of shoots per explant (3.94) than those from older seedling. The shoot regeneration frequency markedly enhanced to 83.33% by the addition of 2.0 mg L-1 AgNO3 to the MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 BAP, 0.5 mg L-1 NAA and this combination also showed the maximum number of shoots per explant (6.86). Shoot regeneration potentiality of five B. campestris genotypes were investigated and indicated that this system would be widely applicable to all the genotypes. The regenerated shoots were easily rooted on MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg L-1 NAA and the whole plants were transferred to pot soils and grown to maturity. Conclusion: MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 BAP, 0.5 mg L-1 NAA and 2.0 mg L-1 AgNO3 is more efficient for multiple shoot regeneration by using cotyledon explants and it may be utilized for In vitro improvement program of B. campestris.

Extraction and purification process of total fatty acid in Brassica campestris pollen / 中国中药杂志

This study was aimed to optimize the extraction (CO2 supercritical extraction) process and purification (ethanol washing and decontaminating) process of total fatty acid in Brassica campestris pollen. With the extraction yield of total fatty acid as index, CO2 supercritical extraction of total fatty acid in B. campestris polle was optimized by central composite design-response surface methodology. Ethanol washing and decontaminating was done for the extract through orthogonal design with content of total fatty acid (linolenic acid amide, linolenic acid glyceride, linolenic acid and palmitic acid) as the indexes. The optimum parameters of CO2 supercritical extraction technology were as follows: extraction pressure of 35 MPa, extraction temperature of 60 ℃and extraction time of 3 h. When extract of supercritical fluid was purified by 50 times of 80% ethanol for 1.5 h, the content of total fatty acid can reach 60%. In addition, this process was stable and steady, provided reliable basis for production.

The use of lacZ marker in enumeration of Azotobacter chroococcum in carrier based inoculants

A transconjugant of Azotobacter chroococcum Mac 27 tagged with lac Z(A. chroococcum Mac27 L) was found to possess high levels of β-galactosidase activity constitutively.Further, the lac Z marker was found to be stably integrated into the chromosome of the A. chroococcum Mac 27 and did not have any adverse effect on growth, nitrogen fixation and excretion of ammonia. A quick method to determine the viable cell number in broth culture and carrier based inoculants has been developed on the basis of β-galactosidase assay. It was found that there was a direct relationship between the number of cell as determined by standard plate count and intensity of colour that developed upon degradation of ONPG due to β-galactosidase activity .The method was found to be sensitive enough to determine 1.7 x 10(6) CFU mL-1 in broth culture as well as carrier based Azotobacter inoculants. Further, it was observed that when A. chroococcum Mac27 L was inoculated on Brassica campestris, it could be detected in the presence of other bacteria capable of growing on Burks agar medium containing X-gal on the basis of lac Z genetic marker.

Occurrence of Clubroot on Pak-Choi Caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae

Clubroot symptoms occurred severely on roots of Pak-Choi (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis) grown in greenhouses in Gwangju city, Gyeonggi province, Korea in September, 2008. The incidence of the disease symptoms reached as high as 90% in three greenhouses investigated. The root galls collected from the greenhouses were sectioned using a scalpel and observed by light microscope. Many resting spores were found in the cells of the root gall tissues. Suspension of resting spores was prepared from the root galls and inoculated to roots of healthy Pak-Choi plants. Each of five resting spore suspensions caused clubroot symptoms on the roots, which were similar to those observed during the greenhouse survey. Resting spores of the pathogen were observed in the cells of the affected roots. The clubroot pathogen was identified as Plasmodiophora brassicae based on its morphological and pathological characteristics. This is the first report that Plasmodiophora brassicae causes clubroot of Pak-Choi.

EFFECT OF BEE POLLEN AND ITS ALCOHOL EXTRACT ON LIP1D PEROXIDATION IN VIVO AND IN VITRO / 营养学报

The effect of bee pollen of Brassica campestris L. and its alcohol extract on lipid peroxidation was observed in vivo and in vitro.The results showed that the production of lipid peroxides in normal liver hotnogenate of mice and elevation of production of lipid peroxides induced by cysteine and FeSO4 in homogenate were found to be inhibited significantly by in vitro addition of alcohol extract of bee pollen.The elevation of lipid peroxides in serum and liver in adult mice induced by alloxan 75 mg/kg(iv)or by administration of peroxidized corn oil 0.2 ml/mouse was markedly inhibited by oral administration of bee pollen (10 g? kg-1?d-1)for 20 days as compared with respective control groups.The level of lipid peroxide in geriatric mice was also markedly lowered by oral administration of bee pollen (10 g?kg-1?d-1)for 3 months as compared to non-treated geriatric mice.Based on the above in vitro and in vivo experimental results, it may be suggested that bee pollen and its alcohol extract protect tissues against destruction by lipid peroxides.

IMMUNOENHANCEMENT ACTIVITY OF BEE POLLEN AND ITS ACETONE EXTRACT IN MICE / 营养学报

Immunoenhancement activity of bee pollen and its acetone extract was studied in normal, sarcoma-180 bearing, cyclophosphamide- and antilymphocyte serum-treated mice.Bee pollen and its acetone extract given orally for 30 days could significantly increase the production of serum anti-SRBC hemolysin (HC50) and the number of spleen plaque forming cells (PFC) in primary response to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) in young and adult mice. The acetone extract of bee pollen could significantly prevent the decrease of HC50) the number of PFC and specific rosette forming cells (SRFC), and the quantitative hemolysin of spleen cells (QHS) against SRBC in S-180 bearing, cyclophosphamide- and antilymphocyte serum-treated mice respectively.These results suggested that bee pollen of Brassica campestris L. and its acetone extract have immune-enhancement activity.