ABSTRACT
Nematicidal substances have been identified from plants and are potentially useful for the management of plant-parasitic nematodes. Cabralea canjerana, (Meliaceae) and Schinus terebinthifolius (Anacardiaceae) produce bioactive compounds during their secondary metabolism and little is known about the effect of such substances on plant-parasitic nematodes. In the present study, we assessed the effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of C. canjerana and S. terebinthifolius at 1% (m:v) and purified substances from C. canjerana (gedunin, ocotillone, cabraleadiol, a mixture of ocotillone + cabraleadiol and a mixture of shoreic acid + eichlerianic acid) on hatching and mortality of Meloidogyne incognita juveniles. Aqueous extracts of C. canjerana fruits and seeds reduced hatching by 70.3 to 95.7%. Aqueous extracts of S. terebinthifolius fruits killed 42.8 to 77.1% of juveniles. The purified substances of C. canjerana inhibited the hatching of M. incognita from 57 to 90% and did not increase the mortality of juveniles. Therefore, C. canjerana extracts and its purified substances reduce M. incognita hatching and aqueous extracts of S. terebinthifolius kill J2 of this nematode.
Subject(s)
Plant Extracts/toxicity , Anacardiaceae , Nematoda , Antinematodal AgentsABSTRACT
A 7.4 percent vaginal extract of the Brazilian pepper tree (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) was compared with 0.75 percent vaginal metronidazole, both manufactured by the Hebron Laboratory, for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, used at bedtime for 7 nights. The condition was diagnosed using the combined criteria of Amsel and Nugent in two groups of 140 and 137 women, aged between 18 and 40 years. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed. Women were excluded from the study if they presented delayed menstruation, were pregnant, were using or had used any topical or systemic medication, presented any other vaginal infections, presented hymen integrity, or if they reported any history suggestive of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. According to Amsel’s criteria separately, 29 patients (21.2 percent) treated with the extract and 87 (62.1 percent) treated with metronidazole were considered to be cured (P < 0.001). According to Nugent’s score separately, 19 women (13.9 percent) treated with the extract and 79 (56.4 percent) treated with metronidazole were considered to be cured (P < 0.001). Using the two criteria together, the so-called total cure was observed in 17 women (12.4 percent) treated with the extract and in 79 women (56.4 percent) treated with metronidazole (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the cure rate for bacterial vaginosis using a vaginal gel from a pepper tree extract was lower than the rate obtained with metronidazole gel, while side effects were infrequent and non-severe in both groups.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Young Adult , Anacardiaceae/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Metronidazole/therapeutic use , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Vaginosis, Bacterial/drug therapy , Administration, Intravaginal , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Double-Blind Method , Metronidazole/administration & dosage , Phytotherapy/methods , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Treatment Outcome , Vaginal Creams, Foams, and JelliesABSTRACT
The antibacterial potential of leaf's essential oil (EO) from Brazilian pepper tree (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) against staphylococcal isolates from dogs with otitis externa was evaluated. The minimum inhibitory concentration of EO ranged from 78.1 to 1,250 fg/mL. The oil was analyzed by GC and GC/MS and cytotoxicity tests were carried out with laboratory animals.