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1.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 51(4): e20200399, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153885

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to determine the proximate composition and kinetics drying of sweet pine nuts compared to typical pine nuts of Araucaria angustifolia. This study is based on the proximate components, color, and duration of pine nuts drying of both types, and the influence of temperature and cutting geometry on the dehydration process. Sweet pine nuts had lower calorific value and carbohydrate content, but higher lipid, dietary fiber, protein, and ash contents when compared to typical pine nuts. Color of sweet pine nuts is light pink whereas the typical pine nut is yellowish-white. Sweet pine nuts were also softer. Drying kinetics of the seeds fit well into the logistic and Thompson models. To accelerate drying rates, we recommend slicing pine nuts into thin cross-sections and drying them at temperatures of 60 °C for typical pine nuts and 70 °C for sweet pine nuts.


RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a composição centesimal e a cinética de secagem de pinhões doces em comparação com pinhões típicos de Araucaria angustifolia. Este estudo baseia-se na composição centesimal, cor e duração da secagem dos pinhões de ambos os tipos e na influência da temperatura e da geometria de corte no processo de desidratação. Os pinhões doces apresentaram menor valor calorífico e conteúdo de carboidratos. Por outro lado, apresentaram maior teor de lipídios, fibras alimentares, proteínas e cinzas quando comparados aos pinhões típicos. A cor dos pinhões doces é rosa claro, enquanto o pinhão típico é branco amarelado. Os pinhões doces também são mais macios. A cinética de secagem das sementes se enquadra bem nos modelos logístico e de Thompson. Para acelerar as taxas de secagem, recomendamos fatiar os pinhões em seções finas e secá-los a temperaturas de 60 °C para pinhões típicos e 70 °C para pinhões doces.

2.
Ciênc. rural ; 46(11): 1969-1972, Nov. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-796063

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: The study of the wood characteristics is of fundamental importance for the correct use of this raw material and, among its properties, the basic density is a major, being reference in the quality of this material. This study aimed to evaluate the axial variation of basic density of the wood of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertoloni) O. Kuntze in different diameter classes. For this, three trees were selected in six diameter classes, called class 1 (20-30cm), class 2 (30.1-40cm), class 3 (40.1-50cm), class 4 (50.1-60cm), class 5 (60.1-70cm) and class 6 (70.1-80cm). From each individual sampled was withdrawn a disc at 0.1m (base), 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the height of the first live branch and in the diameter at 1.30m from the ground (DBH), which were used for determining basic density. The weighted average basic density was equal to 0.422g cm-3 and, regardless of the diameter class analyzed, this property decreased in the axial direction. Diameter induced variation of basic density, but has not been verified a positive or negative systematic tendency in relation to the sampled interval.


RESUMO: O estudo das características da madeira é de fundamental importância para o correto uso dessa matéria-prima e, dentre as suas propriedades, a massa específica é uma das principais, por ser referência na qualidade desse material. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a variação axial da massa específica básica da madeira de Araucaria angustifolia (Bertoloni) O. Kuntze, em diferentes classes de diâmetros. Para isso, três árvores foram selecionadas em seis classes diamétricas, denominadas de classe 1(20-30cm), classe 2 (30,1-40cm), classe 3 (40,1-50cm), classe 4 (50,1-60cm), classe 5 (60,1-70cm) e classe 6 (70,1-80cm). De cada indivíduo amostrado, foi retirado um disco a 0,1m (base), 25, 50, 75 e 100% da altura do primeiro galho vivo e no diâmetro a 1,30m do solo (DAP), que foram utilizados para a determinação da massa específica básica. O valor médio ponderado da massa específica básica foi igual a 0,422g cm-3 e, independentemente da classe diamétrica analisada, essa propriedade decresceu no sentido axial. O diâmetro induziu a variação da massa específica básica, porém não foi verificada uma tendência sistemática positiva ou negativa em relação ao intervalo amostrado.

3.
Genet. mol. biol ; 35(1): 172-181, 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-616981

ABSTRACT

Angiosperm and gymnosperm plants evolved from a common ancestor about 300 million years ago. Apart from morphological and structural differences in embryogenesis and seed origin, a set of embryogenesis-regulating genes and the molecular mechanisms involved in embryo development seem to have been conserved alike in both taxa. Few studies have covered molecular aspects of embryogenesis in the Brazilian pine, the only economically important native conifer in Brazil. Thus eight embryogenesis-regulating genes, viz.,ARGONAUTE 1, CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 1, WUSCHEL-related WOX, S-LOCUS LECTIN PROTEIN KINASE, SCARECROW-like, VICILIN 7S, LEAFY COTYLEDON 1, and REVERSIBLE GLYCOSYLATED POLYPEPTIDE 1, were analyzed through semiquantitative RT-PCR during embryo development and germination. All the eight were found to be differentially expressed in the various developmental stages of zygotic embryos, seeds and seedling tissues. To our knowledge, this is the first report on embryogenesis-regulating gene expression in members of the Araucariaceae family, as well as in plants with recalcitrant seeds.


Subject(s)
Tracheophyta/embryology , Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Brazil , Tracheophyta/genetics , Seeds/growth & development
4.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 81(4): 701-705, Dec. 2009. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-529931

ABSTRACT

Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze is a dioecious conifer species native of Brazil. The rare occurrence of monoiceous specimens have been attributed to pathogenic infections or other injuries in adult trees. Here, the morphological characteristics of male and female cones and pollen grains of a monoiceous A. angustifolia are described. Male and female cones and pollen grains presented normal morphology, lacking any sort of injuries or infection and suggesting the existence of further grounds for the occurrence of monoicy in this conifer species.


Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze é uma conífera primariamente dióica nativa do Brasil. A ocorrência de raros exemplares monóicos tem sido creditada a infecções patogênicas ou outras injúrias em árvores adultas. Neste trabalho, as características morfológicas de cones masculinos e femininos e dos grãos de pólen de uma A. angustifolia monóica são descritas. Os cones masculinos e femininos e os grãos de pólen apresentaram morfologia normal, se a presença de qualquer tipo de injuria ou infecção, sugerindo a existência de outros mecanismos para a ocorrência de monoicia nesta conífera.


Subject(s)
Tracheophyta/anatomy & histology , Ovule/anatomy & histology , Pollen/anatomy & histology , Brazil , Tracheophyta/physiology , Pollination , Reproduction/physiology
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