Breast Tuberculosis - Experience of Cases in a Tertiary Care Institute.

Aim: The study was conducted with an aim to suspect and diagnose “breast tuberculosis (TB)” cases early to avoid unnecessary delay in their treatment. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, the cases of breast complaints presenting in the Department of Surgery were clinically examined, investigated with fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) or biopsy along with other relevant investigations. FNAC or biopsy positive for breast TB cases were further investigated by chest X-ray and/or sputum acid-fast bacilli for any evidence of pulmonary TB. Results: A total of 9 cases of breast TB were collected. Out of these 9 cases, 7 cases were adult females in the age group of 24-40 years. Cases 1, 2, 5, 6, and 9 were non-lactating, while Cases 3 and 7 were lactating. Case 4 was a 12-year-old girl and Case 8 was 25-year-old male. All the cases were involving the right breast except Case 5, which was involving both breasts, and Case 6, which was involving left breast. Case 5 was also having active pulmonary TB. Case 7 was showing Ziehl-Neelsen staining positive for AFB in breast tissue sample. We treated all cases with first-line four drugs (HRZE) for initial 2 months and two drugs (HR) for another 4 months except in Cases 1 and 5 where the continuation phase was extended to 6 months. Conclusion: Histopathological diagnosis is a more reliable and accurate as compared to the bacteriological diagnosis of tubercular mastitis. Four drugs therapy for 6 months is adequate. The majority of the cases will heal without major surgery, and mastectomy should be reserved for extensive breast destruction and unresponsive cases.

Primary breast tuberculosis (TB) in a patient with known invasive breast carcinoma: A case report

Breast tuberculosis (TB) is rare even in endemic countries. Most of these cases occur as secondary TB due to a concurrent infection. Primary breast TB is diagnosed when it is the only site of disease without other foci of infection. The presentation of primary breast TB may often mimic carcinoma of the breast. While imaging is not specific, histopathology provides a definitive diagnosis. Here, we present a case of primary breast TB in a breast cancer patient and review the literature.

A Rare Presentation of Primary Breast Tuberculosis in a Primigravida: A Case Report.

Tuberculosis is an endemic and very common disease in India. Breast tuberculosis is often confused with breast malignancy or pyogenic abscess. We report a rare case of breast tuberculosis which is successfully managed with Anti-tubercular drugs. After six months of compliant treatment patient delivered a healthy baby.

Scrofulous swelling of the bosom masquerading as cancer.

Tuberculosis of breast is very rare with an incidence of 0.1-0.5%. It can be primary or secondary. Except in patients presenting with sinuses, it is a challenge to diagnose it. A 40 year old premenopausal lady presented with breast lump increasing in size for 3 months. Mammogram showed a lesion suspicious of malignancy and trucut biopsy showed necrotic material only. Intraoperatively there was caseous necrosis and the tract from breast was extending to rib. It is a rare case with few case reports been reported where a rib tuberculosis presents as a breast lump rather than retromammary abscess.

Mastitis tuberculosa / Tuberculosis of the breast

Se informa un caso de mastitis granulomatosa causada por Mycobacterium tuberculosis en una paciente inmunocompetente con lesiones inflamatorias crónicas de la mama, diagnosticada por la detección de ADN de la micobacteria mediante la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa de la secuencia de inserción IS6110 presente en el complejo M. tuberculosis , en una biopsia de mama embebida en parafina. La tuberculosis primaria de la mama es rara, incluso en países con alta prevalencia de tuberculosis, y debe sospecharse en pacientes con mastitis granulomatosa crónica de causa no clara. El pilar del tratamiento es la quimioterapia antituberculosa y, ocasionalmente, la cirugía.

We report a case of granulomatous mastitis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an immunocompetent woman with chronic inflammatory lesions of the breast. It was diagnosed by detection of mycobacteria DNA using polymerase chain reaction technique targeting IS6110 insertion element of M. tuberculosis complex in a paraffin-embedded histological specimen. The primary breast tuberculosis is rare, even in countries where the incidence and prevalence of pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis are high. It should be suspected in female patients with chronic granulomatous mastitis with no apparent cause. The cornerstone of treatment is antituberculous chemotherapy, and surgery is rarely required.

Características clínicas de la tuberculosis mamaria en pacientes atendidas en un servicio de ginecoobstetricia, 2002- 2011

Objetivos: Determinar las características clínicas de la tuberculosis mamaria en pacientes atendidas en un Servicio de Gineco-Obstetricia. Diseño: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo. Institución: Servicio de Gineco-Obstetricia, Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolomé, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Pacientes con tuberculosis mamaria. Intervenciones: Se revisó 40 historias clínicas de pacientes que tuvieron el diagnostico clínico de tuberculosis mamaria, durante el periodo 2002 a 2011. Principales medidas de resultados: Características clínicas de mujeres con tuberculosis mamaria. Resultados: Se encontró 29 casos de tuberculosis mamaria, correspondiendo a 2,9% de incidencia anual. La mayoría procedía del Rímac, San Martin de Porres y Cercado de Lima. La edad promedio fue 32,8 ± 8,2 años de edad y con promedio de 2,3 ± 1,2 gestaciones; 51,7% tenía sobrepeso y 13,8% obesidad. El tiempo de enfermedad fue dos a cuatro meses en 70%. El 72,4% presentó tumor mamario, 31% nodularidad dolorosa y 13,8% linfoadenopatía axilar. Un 10,7% se encontraba gestando o dando de lactar al momento del diagnóstico; 10,3% de los casos estaba asociado a tuberculosis pulmonar, 7,1% a tuberculosis extrapulmonar y 14,3% tuvo contacto con pacientes tuberculosos. El 68% recibió tratamiento antituberculoso. Solo 31% de las pacientes fue sometida a intervención quirúrgica. La respuesta al tratamiento en 96,6% de los casos fue buena. Conclusiones: De las pacientes con tuberculosis mamaria atendidas, una de cada seis estuvo asociada a tuberculosis pulmonar y extrapulmonar. Los procedimientos más utilizados para el diagnóstico fueron la biopsia, mamografía, ecografía mamaria y radiografía de tórax. Se requiere tener en cuenta la posibilidad de tuberculosis mamaria en gestantes y madres lactantes.

Objectives: To determine clinical characteristics of breast tuberculosis in patients treated at an Obstetrics and Gynecology Service. Design: Observational, descriptive, retrospective study. Setting: Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolome, Lima, Peru. Participants: Patients with mammary tuberculosis. Interventions: Medical records of 40 patients who had clinical diagnosis of breast tuberculosis were reviewed. Main outcome measures: Breast tuberculosis clinical characteristics. Results: Twenty-nine cases of mammary tuberculosis were found, with 2.9% annual incidence. Most lived in Rimac, San Martin de Porres and Cercado de Lima. Average age was 32.8 ± 8.2 year-old with 2.3 ± 1.2 pregnancies average; 51.7% were overweight and 13.8% obese. Time of disease was two to four months in 70%; 72.4% presented breast tumor, 31% painful nodularity and 13.8% axillary lymphadenopathy; 10.7% were pregnant or lactating at diagnosis; 10.3% were associated to pulmonary tuberculosis, 7.1% to extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and 14.3% had contact with patients with tuberculosis; 68% received treatment for tuberculosis, and only 31% of patients underwent surgical intervention. Treatment response was good in 96.6% of cases. Conclusions: One of six patients attended for breast tuberculosis had associated pulmonary or extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Procedures mostly used for diagnosis were biopsy, mammography, breast ultrasound, and chest radiography. It is important to consider the possibility of mammary tuberculosis in pregnant and lactating women.

Fine needle aspiration cytology in breast tuberculosis: Diagnostic difficulties - study of eleven cases.

Background: Incidence of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis is on the rise. Tuberculosis of breast is rare and have multifaceted clinical presentation, often mimicking carcinoma and pyogenic breast abscess. Aim: To study morphologic variations and diagnostic difficulties of breast tuberculosis on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Methods: FNAC smears of breast tuberculosis were studied by Leishman’s Stain and categorized into four groups. Cytology smears were also studied for presence of Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) by Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) stain. Histology of excised tissue was studied by Hematoxylin and Eosin stain ( H& E). Results: Out of 11 cases, 10 were females and 1 was male. Group1 (n=2) showed epithelioid granulomas with necrosis. Group2 (n=2) showed epithelioid granulomas without necrosis. Group3 (n=3) showed necrosis with a few scattered epithelioid histiocytes. Group4 (n=4) showed necrosis with numerous neutrophilic inflammatory cells. In four cases, caseous necrosis could be identified on cytology smears. AFB were found in five cases on FNAC smears. Histology confirmed diagnosis of tuberculosis in all cases. Conclusion: In developing countries like India, based on clinical history and other features, FNAC smears showing epithelioid granulomas with or without necrosis should be considered as breast tuberculosis as demonstration of AFB is not mandatory. Identification of caseous necrosis alone is diagnostic of breast tuberculosis in cytology smears.

Breast tuberculosis mimicking breast abscess in a healthy woman / 대한내과학회지

Breast tuberculosis is a rare form of tuberculosis (TB). In healthy individuals in developed countries, the incidence is <0.1% of breast lesions examined histologically. The significance of breast TB is due to its rare occurrence and mistaken identity with breast cancer or pyogenic breast abscess. We report the case of an 18-year-old healthy woman diagnosed with breast TB that mimicked breast abscess. She was admitted for multiple erythema nodosum (EN) of the lower extremities of 6 weeks duration. She also noticed a painful oral ulcer and a palpable nodule with fistula on the right breast for 8 weeks. Our patient had the characteristic radiological and histopathological features of breast TB. Breast abscess and EN improved after antitubercular medication, including isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide.

Study on breast-conserving surgery in the treatment of multiple-ulcer breast tuberculosis / 中国综合临床

Objective To explore the new ways for treating multiple-ulcer treatment of breast tuberculosis. Methods The clinical data fo 10 cases of muhiple-ulcers summary of TB breast-conserving surgery and breast sur-gery purely traditional procedure were retrospectively analyzed. Results Surgical incision of 10 patients were healed stage Ⅰ, 2 patients experienced abscess drainage before admission to hospital and local incision healing was poor, who were healed through the out-patient dressing, and no skin ischemic necrosis occurred as well as the breast was in good shape. Follow-up lasted 3 to 26 months, during which period there was no recurrence, and patients and their families present with 100% satisfaction. Conclusion Conserving surgery with anti-TB rules is the new way of muhi-ple ulcer type of breast tuberculosis treatment,which is minimally invasive, effective, safe, with less complications and economical and practical advantages.