ABSTRACT
Background: Malignancy of breast is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Molecular organisation of breast cancer is considered as better predictive factor for diagnosis and treatment. The present study was done with the aim to find out clinicopathological characterization and correlation of breast tumor with receptor status progesterone (PR), estrogen (ER) and human epidermal receptor protein-2/neu status (HER-2/neu).Methods: This was a prospective study done on 50 patients with breast carcinoma. The expression patterns of PR, ER and HER-2/NEU were studied. Clinical features, pathologic features such as age of the patient, tumour size, grade, and lymph node status and their correlation with receptors were compared.Results: Of the 50 patients, ER positivity was seen in 42% cases, PR positivity in 32% and HER-2/neu (3+) in 30% cases. Majority of grade I tumors were ER and PR positive and majority of grade III tumors were triple negative. Triple negative profile was seen in secretory carcinoma. ER, PR and HER2 status was not significantly associated with age of the patients and tumour size. The immunohistochemical types ER/PR +ve Her2neu +ve and ER/PR -ve Her2neu -ve are significantly related to grading of tumours.Conclusions: From the results, it was concluded that ER, PR and HER-2 status correlates well with histopathological grading. These results highlight the fact that molecular subtypes correlate with diagnosis and aid in targeted therapy.
ABSTRACT
A 21 years old woman presented with a breast swelling of 4 years duration and with an associated pain of a more recent onset. On clinical examination, the mass was found to be firm, mobile and without attachment to the skin or surrounding structures. An excisional biopsy was performed based on a provisional clinical diagnosis of fibroadenoma. However, histological evaluation showed the tumour to be a granular cell tumour. The clinical features of this rare tumour may mimic a variety of conditions and cause a diagnostic dilemma
ABSTRACT
Objective: The present study was conducted to screen the cytotoxicity and initiation of apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast tumour cells using the Indian sponge Acanthostylotela cornuta of the Gulf of Mannar. Methods: The crude methanol extract of A. cornuta was fractionated using a reversed phase silica gel column chromatography. The purity of the active fraction of bromopyrrole alkaloids was confirmed with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). The bromopyrrole alkaloids induce apoptotic changes in MCF-7 cells were studied with electrophoresis, caspase assay, and different staining analysis. The MCF-7 cells were analyzed by Flow cytometry to determine their DNA content. Results: Bromopyrrole alkaloids of A. cornuta showed cytotoxicity against MCF-7 human breast tumour cells with the IC50 value of 8.0μg/ml. The bromopyrrole compounds induced cells exhibited scatted red fluorescence, showing the presence of several residual bodies and condensation of chromatin. Caspase-3, pro-caspase-9, caspase-9 and Poly-ADP-Ribose-Polymerase (PARP) activity were occurred in bromopyrrole alkaloids treated tumour cell. The cell cycle arrest is conceivable that the compound prevented the progression of cell cycle through the G phase resulting from inhibition of survival, leading them to undergo apoptosis. Conclusion: Bromopyrrole alkaloids of A. cornuta possess antitumor activity which was arrested the G phase in cell cycle that clearly indicated its nature as that of antitumour drugs.
ABSTRACT
We present what is believed to be the first report of heterogeneous carcinoma arising from breast ductal adenoma. A 57-year-old woman presented with a nodule in her right breast. Histological examination of a vacuum-assisted biopsy specimen revealed epithelial tubular proliferation and papillary apocrine epithelium. The myoepithelial cells lining the tubules were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The nodule had increased in size 18 months later and tumorectomy was performed. The surgical specimen revealed proliferating apocrine epithelium with sheet-like and cribriform architecture within a mammary duct. Some myoepithelial cells showed irregular proliferation around the tubular epithelium. All three components, including apocrine, myoepithelial and glandular cells, showed prominent nuclear atypia and significant mitotic activity. The patient was diagnosed with malignant transformation of ductal adenoma. The malignant potential of ductal adenoma has not previously been discussed, but this heterogeneous carcinoma could represent a serious pitfall in the diagnosis of ductal adenomas.
ABSTRACT
The HER-2/neu gene, also named c-erbB-2 or erbB-2, is proto-oncogene of v-erbB-2 which was firstly discovered in 1985. Many studies have been reported since that amplification of the HER-2 gene in breast tumors is associated with poor prognosis was recognized. The relevant knowledge of HER-2/neu gene is summarized in this article.
ABSTRACT
In an attempt to develop measures for early diagnosis and prognosis of the disease and to explore association of murine mammary tumour virus (MuMTV) or related virus in breast cancer, we purified a breast tumour associated antigen (BTAA) from the breast tumour tissues of untreated female cancer patients. The BTAA purified by DEAE discontinuous column chromatography followed by SE-HPLC was an 85 kDa glycoprotein. A high level of circulating antibodies against this antigen was observed, using ELISA, in all the untreated female breast cancer patients. The BTAA was not immunologically related to MuMTV antigens but strongly resembled an 83 kDa glycoprotein tumour associated antigen, purified from MuMTV induced mouse mammary tumour. In patients after surgical removal of the breast tumour, the circulating antibodies to the BTAA decreased gradually, but reappeared in the patients with secondary metastasis. In healthy age matched women or in female patients with carcinoma of tissues other than breast, no significant titre of the BTAA antibodies was observed.