ABSTRACT
Introducción: El análisis de indicadores biomédicos como parte de la teoría y metodología del entrenamiento deportivo es sustancial en su proceso de dirección. Describe y analiza los efectos fisiológicos del entrenamiento específico en hipoxia en pentatletas es la base prospectiva para modelar entrenamientos efectivos que incidan significativamente en el rendimiento deportivo, permitiendo la dosificación correcta del estímulo físico. Objetivo: Determinar algunos indicadores relacionados con el intercambio de gases respiratorios, respuestas cardiacas y metabólicas en la altitud de pentatletas masculinos Sub 23 del Ecuador. Métodos: Se estudió la población del equipo masculino de Pentatlón Militar de las Fuerzas Armadas Ecuatorianas categoría Sub23 (6 sujetos) durante el macrociclo de entrenamiento del año 2014. Se investigaron indicadores de peso, frecuencia cardiaca, vo2 máximo, ritmo, velocidad, lactato, coeficiente de correlación y velocidad de recuperación de la frecuencia cardiaca y del lactato en sangre. Resultados: Se describieron los datos individuales y promedios de la población estudiada, entre los datos más relevantes se estimó una frecuencia cardiaca en reposo con un promedio de 46,33 por ciento, por debajo de las normativas internacionales. Otros indicadores también se comportaron muy por debajo de lo esperado, aunque el análisis individual de los sujetos mostró características útiles para futuros entrenamientos. Conclusiones: Potenciar aún más los parámetros funcionales investigados a través de un mejor estímulo físico, aprovechando las ventajas inherentes del entrenamiento en la altura y conformando posteriormente baremos nacionales de interés para el entrenador y la comisión técnica del deporte estudiado (AU)
Introduction: Analysis of biomedical indicators as a component of sport training theory and methodology is a crucial part of its management process. Describing and analyzing the physiological effects of specific hypoxic training on pentathletes is the prospective basis to model effective training programs significantly impacting on sport performance, allowing appropriate dosing of physical stimuli. Objective: Determine some indicators related to breathing gas exchange and cardiac and metabolic responses by male under-23 Ecuadorian pentathletes during altitude training. Methods: A study was conducted of the male under-23 military pentathlon team of the Ecuadorian Armed Forces (six subjects) during the 2014 training macrocycle. The indicators analyzed were weight, heart rate, VO2 max, rhythm, speed, lactate, correlation coefficient, and blood lactate and heart rate recovery speed. Results: Four tables show the data obtained, both individual and average for the study population. The most relevant data include an estimate of heart rate at rest with an average 46.33 ppm, below international standards. Other indicators were also considerably lower than the values expected, but individual analysis of subjects revealed characteristics useful for future training. Conclusions: It is recommended to further strengthen the functional parameters studied via a better use of physical stimuli, making use of the advantages inherent to altitude training to eventually develop national standard values of interest to both trainers and the technical committee for the sport being analyzed (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , MaleABSTRACT
@#BACKGROUND: The limbe is a traditional Mongolian instrument that has been used since the ancient times, and the performer uses a unique method called circular breathing to play it. The circular breathing technique is significant heritage of the Mongolian people, and has been recognized by UNESCO World Heritage. Aim: To study the anatomy and physiology that take part in playing the Mongolian limbe with the circular breathing technique. METHODS: We have studied 20 flutists using case control study method. The flutists’ change of gas compound in blood have been studied with a gas analyzer after playing for 10 minutes with the circular breathing. When the flutists play it with circular breathing, the anatomical structures and their function have been studied and documented by an endoscopy, X-ray and a 320 row area detector CT. RESULTS: The 20 participants were between the ages of 22-56 with the circular breathing experience of 2 to 37 years. After playing the instrument for 10 minutes, we found the following results: 67.7% of the participants developed alkolosis, 23.5% hypocapnia, 5.9% hypercapnia, 94.1% hypoxia, and all participants’ oxygen saturation decreased. The lingual muscles, upper and under muscles of the hyoid bone, larynx and vocal cords are the main structures of the circular breathing. CONCLUSION: Playing Mongolian limbe with the circular breathing leads to hypoxia, thus the circular breathing stops. It is important to note that this process does not depend on flutist’s age, their practice time, and their personal technique. However, we concluded that the time of performance without interruption depends on individual’s physiological characteristics. In order to study the issues of anatomy and physiology that take part in playing the Mongolian limbe with the circular breathing, we have studied 20 flutists using case control study method. The flutists’ change of gas compound in blood have been studied with a gas analyzer after playing 10 minutes by the circular breathing. When the flutists play it with circular breathing, the anatomical structures and their function have been studied and documented by an endoscopy and X-ray. The lingual muscles, upper and under muscles of the hyoid bone, larynx and vocal cords take part in the circular breathing by limbe as a main rule. Playing Mongolian limbe with the circular breathing lead to hypoxia thus the circular breathing stops. This process does not depend on flutist’s age, their practice time, and their private technique. But we concluded that how long time they play it without interruption depends on individual’s physiological singularity.