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Breast cancer in men is a rare pathology. The most common clinical presentation is a palpable and painless retroareolar nodule. In men, it is a rare pathology, there are few studies on the matter, where breast cancer trials frequently exclude men. Objective: to present the incidence of breast cancer in men from the "Regional Hospital of Talca" Method: Retrospective and descriptive study of cases of breast cancer in men who have been treated and followed up in the Breast Pathology Unit of the Regional Hospital of Talca from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2021.Results: There were 9 cases of breast cancer in men. Average age at diagnosis was 63 years, all patients were 50 years of age or older. One hundred percent of patients consulted for a self-palpable breast nodule. Average size on physical examination was 30 mm. The most frequent histology was invasive ductal carcinoma (56%), followed by invasive tubular carcinoma (22%) and ductal carcinoma in situ (11%). Immunohistochemistry was 100% positive for estrogen and progesterone receptor. Surgery in 56% of cases was total mastectomy with axillary dissection, and in 33% it was total mastectomy alone. 4 patients underwent adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy, and just one required a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. During follow-up, only 2 patients died. Conclusion. Breast cancer in men is not very prevalent and the management is extrapolated from large studies in women, we believe that it is essential to have studies in male patients, to really have clarity on the behavior and evolution of the disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy , Breast Neoplasms, Male/therapy , Mastectomy/methods , Retrospective Studies , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/epidemiology , Combined Modality Therapy , Breast Neoplasms, Male/pathology , Breast Neoplasms, Male/epidemiology , HistologyABSTRACT
Introducción. El cáncer de mama es la tercera causa de muerte en mujeres peruanas, siendo una enfermedad genéticamente heterogénea, no existen estudios sobre el comportamiento del marcador de proliferación celular Ki-67 en esta población. Objetivo. Analizar la asociación entre las características clínico patológicas del cáncer de mama y la expresión del marcador celular Ki-67 en el Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (HNERM), Lima-Perú. Métodos. Estudio retrospectivo, realizado con las muestras diagnósticas de 209 pacientes con cáncer de mama. Las características clínico patológicas evaluadas fueron: edad, tipo histológico, tamaño tumoral, grado histológico, invasión linfovascular, ganglio linfático axilar, estadío clínico según el TNMp, receptor estrógenos (RE), receptor de progesterona (RP), y los inmunofenotipos Her2+, triple positivo (TP) y triple negativo (TN). La expresión del marcador celular Ki-67 fue categorizado como bajo (Ki-67<20%) y alto (Ki-67>20%). Resultados. La expresión alta del marcador celular Ki-67 se asoció con tumores de 2 cm, grado histológico 2 y 3, mayor número de ganglios axilares afectados y los inmunofenotipos Her2+ y triple negativo. La expresión baja del Ki-67 (<20%) se asoció con los tumores estrógeno y progesterona positivo. Conclusión. El marcador celular Ki-67 con expresión alta (>20%) mostró asociación significativa con características tumorales de mal pronóstico conocidas en cáncer de mama.
Introduction. Breast cancer is the third cause of death in peruvian women, a genetically heterogeneous disease, there are no studies on the behavior of the Ki-67 cell proliferation marker in this population. Objective. To analyze the association between the clinical pathological characteristics of breast cancer and the expression of the Ki-67 antigen in Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (HNERM), Lima-Perú. Methods. A retrospective study conducted in diagnostic samples of 209 patients with breast cancer. The clinical pathological characteristics were: age, histological type, tumor size, histological grade, lymphovascular invasion, axillary lymph node, clinical stage (TNMp), RE, RP, Her2+, triple positive, triple negative. The Ki-67 cell marker expression was categorized as low (Ki-67<20%) and high (Ki-67>20%). Results. High expression of the Ki-67 cell marker (>20%) was associated with tumors of 2cm, histological grade 2 and 3, greater number of axillary ganglia affected and Her2+ and triple negative inmunophenotypes. Low expression of Ki-67 (<20%) was associated with estrogen and progesterone positive tumors. Conclusion. The Ki-67 cell marker with high expression (>20%) shows a significant association with characteristics of poor prognosis well known in breast cancer.
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Aim To optimize the most effective compo-nent formula from the active ingredients of Salvia Milti-orrhiza and Panax Ginseng through the orthogonal de-sign method to resist breast cancer, and to reveal its antitumor mechanism in MCF-7 cells. Methods The human breast cancer cells MCF-7 were employed as the research object and the normal breast epithelial cells MCF-10A were used as control,optimizing the most ef-fective component formula from the active ingredients of Salvia Miltiorrhiza and Panax Ginseng by using CCK-8 assay and orthogonal design method; real-time cell a-nalysis was used to monitor the best combination formu-la on cell proliferation, and high content screening was used to detect the best combination drug on cell apop-tosis. Results The best combination of the salvianolic acids, saponins of Panax Ginseng and ginseng polysac-charides that were screened out were 5 , 10 , 5 mg · L-1 . Compared with control group, the treatment group had effective response inhibiting the proliferation on MCF-7 cells, but those effects were weaker on MCF-10A cells through real-time cell analysis. Ho-echst, Annexin V, PI staining fluorescence showed no significant difference ( P >0. 05 ) on MCF-10 A cells compared with the control group,but there was signifi-cant difference ( P <0. 01 ) on MCF-7 cells by HCS. Conclusions The most effective component formula from the active ingredients of Salvia Miltiorrhiza and Panax Ginseng have a strong inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis to resist breast cancer with selection, and there is no significant difference in MCF-10A cells.
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PURPOSE: A medullary carcinoma of the breast(MC) is a well-circumscribes tumor composed of poorly differentiated cells growing in a syncytium with an accompanying stroma. However, the prognosis of a MC is considered as more favorable than that of an infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC). In the present study, we characterized MC in terms of prognosis by comparing an MC group with an IDC control group. We described the distribution of other clinicopathological characteristics, as well as the prevalence and the prognostic importance of generally well known risk factors, for breast cancer and compared the result. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical data from hospital records and pathological materials were available from 60 patients with tumors that had been initially diagnosed from Jan. 1981 to Dec. 1999 at the Department of Surgery in Seoul National University Hospital as having a MC. We analyzed the survival and the prognostic factors of those patients and compared the results with those for an IDC control groep. RESULTS: The 60 cases of MC showed more risk factors, such as young age, high nuclear grade, poor histologic grade, negative hormone receptors, p53 overexpression, c-erb-B2 expression, and high proliferative index(ki 67), than the IDC cases did. However, the prognosis of MC was better than that of IDC. Most of the risk factors were of highly significant prognostic importance in the IDC control group. In the MC group, only lymph-node status and young age were significantly important for disease-free survival. CONCLUSION: We found MC to be biologically unique, and patients with MC have a better prognosis than those with IDC. We propose that MC patients with axillary lymph-node metastasis and young age should be considered as a high-risk group for recurrence.
Subject(s)
Humans , Breast Neoplasms , Breast , Carcinoma, Ductal , Carcinoma, Medullary , Disease-Free Survival , Giant Cells , Hospital Records , Neoplasm Metastasis , Prevalence , Prognosis , Recurrence , Risk Factors , SeoulABSTRACT
L-Lactate dehydrogenase is an oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reversible inter-conversion of pyruvate to L-lactate under anaerobic conditions. Levels of Lactate dehydrogenase are known to be elevated in the blood stream following severe tissue injuries and necrosis. Since cancer is a proliferating and invasive disease known to cause severe tissue damage and tumour cells respire anaerobically, the present study was planned to evaluate variations in the levels of serum LDH in breast cancer as compared to normal. LDH levels were estimated in 130 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer and also in 110 healthy age matched randomly selected controls. Appropriate statistical tests were used to assess variations in LDH levels with respect to the presence of disease, age at onset and menopausal status of the proband, stage of the disease and mode of anti-cancer therapy followed Lactate dehydrogenase levels were found to be significantly elevated in breast cancer (302.45 + 7.67) as compared to control (173.77 + 3.4). Significant elevations in LDH levels were also observed with increasing age at onset, onset of menopause, advance stage of cancer and due to the anti-cancer treatment followed. These results suggest an immense potential for LDH as a prognostic marker for breast cancer.
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Healthy blood relatives (HBR) of the hereditary breast cancer (HBC) patients are considered to be at higher risk to develop cancer. However, all of them do not suffer from same. This may indicate the possibility of association with genetic polymorphism among them. We have studied this genetic polymorphism in terms of C-band heteromorphism among 11 HBC patients, 36 HBR and results were compared with 22 control females. Significantly higher incidence (p < 0.001) of C-band heteromorphism has been observed among the HBC patients and their HBR as compared to the control females. At the same time, however, the difference in incidence of C-band heteromorphism among HBC patients and their HBR were not statistically significant. The findings indicate possibilities of (i) an association between C-band heteromorphism and hereditary breast cancer, and (ii) C-band heteromorphism may be one of the important factors conferring HBR at an elevated risk to develop the breast cancer.
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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a new imaging method employing radionuclide and tomography technique. In breast cancer PET has high sensitivity in detecting primary tumor and axillary node metastasis. From 1995 June to 1996 November, 27 patients had undergone breast operations following PET under impression of breast cancer in Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH). Whole body PET images were obtained beginning 60 minutes after infection of 370 MBq (10 mCi) F-18 FDG (fluorodeoxy glucose). Regional scans were also obtained with transmission images. We compared PET results with those of physical examination and mammography. All cases were histologically confirmed. For primary tumor mass, diagnostic accuracy of PET was excellent (97%) compared with the physical examination (78%) and mammography (67%). For axillary lymph node metastasis, PET had an outstanding detection accuracy (96%), compared with the physical examination and mammography (74%, 60%, respectively). And whole body PET scan made it possible to see the all metastatic lesions at a glance in cases of metastatic or recurred breast cancer. There was likely correlation between Standard Uptake Value (SUV) and the number of axillary lymph node metastasis, but in this study, statistical significance was not proven because of small number of cases. PET also could detect breast cancer in paraffin augmented breast. We concluded that PET is very sensitive and accurate diagnostic tool for breast cancer and SUV, after more studies, could be used as an important prognostic factor.
Subject(s)
Humans , Breast Neoplasms , Breast , Electrons , Lymph Nodes , Mammography , Neoplasm Metastasis , Paraffin , Physical Examination , Positron-Emission Tomography , Prognosis , Seoul , Statistics as TopicABSTRACT
Estimation of genetic instability by direct quantitation of DNA damage and repair is an important aspect in biomonitoring an individual's risk to cancer. Single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay or comet assay was carried out on breast cancer patients, their first degree relatives, and controls for the first time for evaluating the basal DNA damage, individual’s susceptibility towards mutagen and repair efficiency. The mean DNA damage in untreated, treated and repaired leucocytes increased significantly from controls to cancer patients. First degree relatives of breast cancer patients showed a significantly higher mean DNA damage than the control group but lesser damage when compared to cancer patients. Among the breast cancer family members, the females showing a relatively high mean DNA damage in untreated, treated and repaired leucocytes, as well as having highly damaged individual cells would be considered as carrying the predisposing factors for cancer development.
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Objective To study the effects of HMG CoA reductase inhibitor, lovastatin (LOV), on the proliferation of human breast cancer cell MCF 7 and the role of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ]i) in this event. Methods After treated with LOV at the dosages of 4, 8 and 16 ?mol/L for 1-3 d respectively, the proliferation of MCF 7 cells was examined with MTT, and the distributions of cell cycles with FCM assay. Meanwhile, the change of [Ca 2+ ]i of MCF 7 cells was observed with laser scanning confocal microscopy, and the expression of plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 1 (PMCA1) mRNA with RT PCR. Results Lovastatin, inhibited the proliferation of MCF 7 cells and arrested MCF 7 cells in the G 0/G 1 phase of cell cycle, in a dose and time dependent manner. However, apoptosis of LOV treated MCF 7 cells was not obvious. Simultaneously, LOV increased [Ca 2+ ]i of MCF 7 cells, but didn't change the expression of PMCA1 mRNA. Conclusion The results suggest that LOV has the capabilities of inhibiting the proliferation of MCF 7 cells and arresting them in G 0/G 1 phase. These effects of LOV maybe correlate with LOV changing the function of PMCA1and increasing [Ca 2+ ]i of MCF 7 cells.