Relato de experiência de atendimentos em psicoterapia breve a partir da Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa: o cuidado ao processo de luto / Experience report of brief psychotherapy sessions from the person-centered approach: caring for the bereavement process of a family / Informe de experiencia de sesiones breves de psicoterapia desde el enfoque centrado en la persona: atención al proceso de duelo de un familiar

INTRODUÇÃO: A psicoterapia breve tem sido um importante recurso no atendimento aos casos de luto relacionados à perda de um familiar, de modo que estudos têm evidenciado a necessidade de aprofundamento nesta modalidade de atendimento. OBJETIVO: Este artigo tem como objetivo a apresentação e discussão de um relato de experiência de atendimento em psicoterapia breve a partir da Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa (ACP) e tem como tema central o processo de luto. METODOLOGIA: O relato de experiência se referiu a um processo de atendimento psicoterápico que ocorreu através do Projeto de Acolhimento da Universidade Federal da Bahia, entre setembro e dezembro de 2022, totalizando 10 encontros, sendo uma sessão semanal com duração de 50 minutos cada. Os atendimentos foram realizados remotamente. Através do relato de experiência, este trabalho buscou compreender o processo de luto de um familiar sob a luz do Modelo do Processo Dual do Luto, analisando a experiência da psicóloga no processo psicoterápico breve. RESULTADOS: Como resultados principais, observou-se que o processo de luto é um fenômeno natural e complexo e deve ser compreendido dentro das particularidades contextuais e culturais de cada indivíduo/família. CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se pontuando a importância da temática do luto na formação dos profissionais de saúde, em especial daqueles que lidam com essa demanda na sua prática profissional.

INTRODUCTION: Brief psychotherapy has been an important resource in the care of bereavement cases related to the loss of a family member, thus studies have shown the need to deepen this modality of care OBJECTIVE: This article aims to present and discuss an experience report of brief psychotherapy care from the person-centered approach, which has as its central theme the grieving process. METHODOLOGY: The experience report referred to a psychotherapeutic service that took place through the Projeto de Acolhimento da Universidade Federal da Bahia, between September and December 2022, totaling 10 meetings, with a weekly session lasting 50 minutes each. The consultations were carried out remotely. Through an experience report, this paper sought to understand the grieving process of a family member under the Dual Grief Process Model, analyzing the psychologist's experience in the brief psychotherapeutic process. RESULTS: As the main results, the study observed that the grieving process is a natural and complex phenomenon. In this sense, the necessary study points to understanding the grieving process within the contextual and cultural particularities of each individual/family. CONCLUSION: It was concluded by pointing out the importance of the theme of mourning in the training of health professionals, especially those who deal with this demand in their professional practice.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La psicoterapia breve ha sido un recurso importante en la atención de casos de duelo relacionados con la pérdida de un familiar, por lo que los estudios han mostrado la necesidad de profundizar en esta modalidad de atención. OBJETIVO: Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar y discutir un relato de experiencia de atención psicoterapéutica breve desde el enfoque centrado en la persona, que tiene como tema central el proceso de duelo. METODOLOGÍA: El informe de la experiencia se refirió a un servicio psicoterapéutico que tuvo lugar a través del Projeto de Acolhimento da Universidade Federal da Bahia, entre septiembre y diciembre de 2022, con un total de 10 reuniones, con una sesión semanal de 50 minutos cada una. Las consultas se realizaron a distancia. A través del relato de la experiencia, este trabajo trató de comprender el proceso de duelo de un familiar a la luz del Modelo Dual de Proceso de Duelo, analizando la experiencia de la psicóloga en el proceso psicoterapéutico breve. RESULTADOS: Como principales resultados, se concluyó que el proceso de duelo es necesario, delicado y debe ser comprendido dentro de las particularidades contextuales y culturales de cada individuo/familia. CONCLUSIÓN: Se concluyó señalando la importancia del tema del duelo en la formación de los profesionales de la salud, especialmente de aquellos que atienden esta demanda en su práctica profesional.

Intervenção Breve para uso de Substâncias Psicoativas no Brasil: revisão sistemática / Brief Intervention for Psychoactive Substance use in Brazil: a systematic review

RESUMO As Intervenções Breves têm sido preconizadas há mais de 20 anos pela Organização Mundial da Saúde como uma estratégia de prevenção aos problemas relacionados ao uso de Substâncias Psicoativas, tendo como prioridade a aplicação nos serviços de atenção primária à saúde visando a diminuição dos riscos relacionados a esse fenômeno. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi mapear e descrever as evidências científicas existentes na literatura sobre o uso de Intervenção Breve para o uso de Substâncias Psicoativas desenvolvidas no Brasil. Trata-se de revisão sistemática. As buscas foram realizadas em sete fontes de informações, em agosto de 2021. Todos os estudos foram desenvolvidos com abordagem quantitativa. O álcool esteve presente na maioria dos estudos, seguido da maconha e nicotina. O cenário predominante foi a unidade básica de saúde, com público de adultos de ambos os sexos e universitários. A maioria apresentou como proposta a Intervenção Breve grupal presencial e somente dez indicaram o referencial norteador da Intervenção Breve utilizada. No Brasil, as Intervenções Breves são incipientes e os estudos apresentados não destacam com exatidão o referencial norteador da intervenção utilizada.

ABSTRACT Brief Interventions have been recommended for more than 20 years by the World Health Organization as a strategy to prevent problems related to the use of Psychoactive Substances, with priority being applied in primary health care services in order to reduce the risks related to this substance. phenomenon. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to map and describe the existing scientific evidence in the literature on the use of Brief Intervention for the use of Psychoactive Substances developed in Brazil. This is a systematic review. Searches were carried out in seven sources of information in August 2021. All studies were developed with a quantitative approach. Alcohol was present in most studies, followed by marijuana and nicotine. The predominant scenario was the basic health unit, with a public of adults of both sexes and university students. The majority presented a brief face-to-face group intervention as a proposal and only ten indicated the guiding reference of the Brief Intervention used. In Brazil, Brief Interventions are incipient and the studies presented do not accurately highlight the guiding reference for the intervention used.

DERSR-B. A Brief Scale for Detection of Emotional Dysregulation Risk / DERSR-B. Una Escala Breve para la Detección del Riesgo de Desregulación Emocional

Abstract Emotional dysregulation (ED) is related to problems in understanding, perceiving, and regulating emotions. The aim is to find the psychometric properties of an instrument that measures ED and classifies the high/low ED group membership with the least possible error. For statistical purposes (factor analysis), two independent samples of males and females (n1 = 476) and (n2 = 562) were obtained, with ages sample 1 (15 -19 years; M= 15.8; SD=0.71) and sample 2 (15-19 years; M=15.6; SD= 0.69). Three factors were formed by sex, males with 14 items and females with 13 items, each loading on a single factor (total α=0.71 - 0.78 ɷ =0.67- 0.79 females; α= 0.70 - 0.79 ɷ=0.73 - 0.75 males) and good fit indices. In sum, a validated cut version instrument (DERSR-B), a risk screening instrument, was obtained.

Resumen La desregulación emocional (DE) se relaciona con problemas para comprender, percibir y regular las emociones. Determinar las propiedades psicométricas de un instrumento que mide DE y que clasifica con el menor error posible la pertenencia de grupo alto/bajo de DE se propuso como el objetivo de este estudio. Para propósitos estadísticos (análisis factoriales) se obtuvieron dos muestras independientes de hombres y mujeres (n1 = 476) y (n2 = 562) respectivamente, con edades para muestra 1 (15-19 años; M= 15.8; DE= 0.71) y muestra 2 (15-19 años; M=15.6; DE= 0.69). Se obtuvieron tres factores por sexo, hombres con 14 ítems y mujeres con 13 ítems cada uno cargando en un solo, un único factor (total α =0.71 - 0.78 ɷ =0.67- 0.79 mujeres; α=0.70 - 0.79 ɷ=0.73-0.75 hombres) y con índices de ajuste aceptables. Se obtuvo un instrumento válido en versión corta de detección rápida de riesgo de Desregulación Emocional (DERSR-B).

Relato de Experiência: Escuta Clínica, HIV/AIDS e Covid-19 / Experience report: Clinical Listeling, HIV/AIDS and Covid-19 / Experience Report: Clinical Listening, HIV/AIDS and Covid-19

O artigo compartilha um relato de experiência de atendimento psicológico a pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS na pandemia causada pela covid-19, da Campanha Voluntariado pelas Américas Covid-19 e HIV/AIDS. A proposta busca colaborar com a tessitura de elaborações teóricas e técnicas sobre a escuta clínica, especialmente em sua forma remota. O atendimento psicológico virtual, de curta duração, foi realizado por 14 psicólogas voluntárias, a maioria ancorada na Psicanálise. A escuta orientou-se pela avaliação da angústia central a partir da queixa-sintoma, avaliando riscos, fatores estressantes e apoios. Amparou-se na noção de clínica ampliada, na articulação com as ações da campanha relacionadas à falta de medicamentos e à carência de alimentos, com encaminhamentos para a rede de atenção à saúde. Considerou o sofrimento psíquico associado a vulnerabilidades socioeconômicas a partir do dispositivo da necropolítica. O sofrimento emocional foi atravessado pelo adoecimento físico, por questões relativas à covid-19, e pela atualização de sentimentos vivenciados com o HIV, tais como: não aceitação do diagnóstico, medo da morte, abandono, isolamento e estigmas. Conclui-se que a escuta psicológica deu suporte emocional às pessoas em momento de intenso sofrimento psíquico. A empatia, o afeto e a solidariedade foram teias de resistência no momento de crise sanitária.

The article shares an experience report of psychological care for people living with HIV/AIDS in the pandemic caused by covid-19, from the Campaign Volunteering for the Americas Covid-19 and HIV/AIDS. The proposal seeks to collaborate with the fabric of theoretical and technical elaborations on clinical listening, especially in its remote form. The virtual psychological care, of short duration, was carried out by 14 volunteer psychologists, the majority referenced by Psychoanalysis. The listening was guided by the assessment of the central anguish based on the symptom-complaint, assessing risks, stressors and supports, based on the notion of an expanded clinic, in articulation with the actions of the campaign related to the lack of medication and the lack of food, with referrals to the health care network. It considered psychic suffering associated with socioeconomic vulnerabilities from the necropolitics device. Emotional suffering was crossed by physical illness, by issues related to covid-19, and by updating feelings experienced with HIV, such as non-acceptance of the diagnosis, fear of death, abandonment, isolation and stigma. In conclusion, psychological listening provided emotional support to people in times of intense psychic suffering. Empathy, affection and solidarity were webs of resistance in times of health crisis.

El artículo comparte un relato de experiencia de atención psicológica a personas viviendo con VIH/SIDA durante la pandemia de covid-19, de la Campaña Voluntariado por las Américas Covid-19 y VIH/SIDA. Busca colaborar con la construcción de elaboraciones teóricas y técnicas sobre la escucha clínica, especialmente en su modalidad a distancia. La atención psicológica virtual, de corta duración, estuvo a cargo de 14 psicólogas voluntarias, la mayoría ancladas en el Psicoanálisis. La escucha considerada la valoración de la angustia central a partir del síntoma-queja, valorando riesgos y soportes, sustentada en la noción de clínica ampliada, junto con el apoyo a la falta de alimentos e de medicamentos. Considerado el sufrimiento psíquico asociado a las vulnerabilidades socioeconómicas a partir del dispositivo de la necropolítica. El sufrimiento emocional estuvo atravesado por la enfermedad física, relacionadas con el covid-19, y por la actualización de sentimientos vividos con el VIH, como la no aceptación del diagnóstico, el miedo a la muerte, el abandono, el aislamiento y el estigma. Se concluye que la escucha psicológica brindó apoyo emocional a las personas en momentos de intenso sufrimiento psíquico. La empatía, el cariño y la solidaridad fueron redes de resistencia en momentos de crisis sanitaria.

Health-related quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS on highly active antiretroviral treatment: A questionnaire-based study

Introduction: The knowledge of the effect of sociodemographic and disease-related factors on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is important for planning comprehensive health-care services for them. Material and Methods: Two hundred PLWHA on antiretroviral therapy (ART) volunteered to complete a self-reported World Health Organization’s Quality of Life?HIV brief questionnaire (WHOQoL-HIV-BREF) that examines six domains each with four items (physical, psychological, level of independence, social, environmental, and spiritual) with 25 facets and additional 5 facets specific to PLWHA (symptoms of HIV, social inclusion, forgiveness, worries about the future, and death and dying). Results: Only 135 questionnaires from 73 (53.3%) men and 63 (46.7%) women (male: female – 1.14:1) aged 20–82 years(mean ± standard deviation: 42.9 ± 10.5 years) were found complete. Eighty-five (63%) individuals were aged 41–60 years, 78 (57.8%) individuals were matriculates, graduates, or postgraduates, 76 (56.3%) respondents were married, and 38 (28.1%) were widows/widowers. Staying-alone workers comprised 43 (31.8%) individuals. Overall health and HRQoL were rated satisfactory (n = 85.2%) and good/very good (n = 74.8%) by a significantly greater number of individuals (P = 0.001). Pearson’s Chi-squared test showed no statistically significant (P > ?) associations between good HRQoL and variables such as age >40 years, gender, education, marital status, duration of disease, disclosure of serostatus to family, ART for >3 years, and CD4 >200 cells/mL. Conclusion: Regular ART can result in adequate control of immunosuppression and no comorbidities in a majority of PLWHA, family and social acceptance, and financial security can result in overall good HRQoL in all six domains within the WHOQoL-HIV-BREF. The study is limited by its cross-sectional study design and small sample size.

Identificando las trayectorias de cambio terapéutico en psicoterapia breve en pacientes chilenos / Identifying trajectories of therapeutic change in brief psychotherapy in Chilean outpatients

Antecedentes: identificar subgrupos de pacientes que demuestren diferentes trayectorias de cambio terapéutico durante psicoterapia en contextos realistas es relevante para el desarrollo de procesos terapéuticos personalizados y efectivos. Objetivos: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivos (a) identificar trayectorias de cambios terapéutico en pacientes chilenos (b) explorar variables que puedan predecir la probabilidad de pertenecer a ciertas trayectorias y (c) examinar si estas diferentes trayectorias desembocan en distintos resultados terapéuticos. Método: se llevaron a cabo análisis de modelos de crecimientos mixto (Growth Mixture Modeling - GMM) y regresiones logísticas multinominales en una muestra de 400 pacientes chilenos recibiendo psicoterapia en un centro de salud mental privado. Resultados: se identificaron tres trayectorias de cambio terapéutico (a) disfunción inicial moderada con leve deterioro, (b) disfunción inicial leve con cambio favorable y (c) disfunción inicial severa con rápido cambio favorable. La edad de los pacientes fue considerada un factor predictor de trayectoria significativa, sugiriendo una peor prognosis para pacientes de mayor edad. Además, todas las trayectorias fueron predictoras del resultado terapéutico. Conclusiones: estos resultados pueden ser utilizados para desarrollar intervenciones enfocadas en el paciente, basadas en las trayectorias de cambio que exhiban.

Background: Identifying subgroups of patients that may show distinct trajectories of change during psychotherapy in realistic settings is relevant for the development of personalized therapeutic processes. Aims: The present study sought to (a) identify trajectories of change in Chilean patients; (b) explore variables that may predict the likelihood of belonging to certain trajectories; and (c) examine whether these different trajectories result in differences in treatment outcomes. Method: Growth mixture modeling (GMM) and multinomial logistic regression analysis were carried out on the data of 400 patients receiving psychotherapy at a private outpatient clinic in Chile. Results: Three trajectories of change were identified: (a) moderate initial dysfunction with slight deterioration, (b) mild initial dysfunction with favorable change, and (c) high initial dysfunction with rapid favorable change. Patient's age was found to be a significant predictor of trajectory assigned, suggesting a poorer prognosis for older patients. Moreover, the trajectories were significant predictors of treatment outcome. Conclusions: These results can be used to develop patient-specific therapeutic interventions based on the trajectories they exhibit.

Tratamiento psicológico inclusivo como modalidad terapéutica en el estado cognitivo-emocional-conductual en las personas prejubilables / Inclusive psychological treatment as a therapeutic modality for cognitive, emotional and behavioural state in pre-retired people

Introducción: La prejubilación se define como una etapa de la vida donde convergen factores biológicos, psicológicos, sociales, culturales, espirituales y ambientales que preparan al individuo para un cambio global y profundo. Objetivo: Precisar mediante el tratamiento psicológico inclusivo los cambios ocurridos en el proceso cognoscitivo del pensamiento y las modificaciones obtenidas en la esfera emocional en el grupo intervenido. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental en el Policlínico Docente «Marta Abreu», de Santa Clara, Villa Clara, en el período de enero de 2017 a febrero de 2019. Se emplearon procedimientos, métodos y técnicas con la aplicación de esta modalidad terapéutica en un grupo estudio de 200 personas prejubilables, de 55 a 65 años de edad. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos-matemáticos. Se aplicaron técnicas psicológicas antes del tratamiento psicológico inclusivo, y después de este, en el grupo estudio y en el grupo control. Resultados: Fueron muy reveladores en el grupo estudio, y se registraron cambios muy significativos en los procesos intelectuales, en el pensamiento lógico verbal, práctico constructivo y rumiativo; además estados emocionales ansioso bajo y depresivo leve, autoestima alta, y notable mejoría en la vulnerabilidad al estrés. En el grupo control no se reflejaron cambios favorables. Conclusiones: El tratamiento psicológico inclusivo resultó efectivo por el logro de cambios positivos en el estado cognitivo-emocional-conductual en personas prejubilables del grupo estudio. La aplicación de las estrategias de desactivación fisiológica, cognitivas, reflexivo vivenciales, informativas, así como las habilidades de conductas de afrontamiento, las acciones de mantenimiento y generalización y las ayudas paliativas y moderadoras de estrés en la atención a personas prejubilables, constituyó un novedoso recurso terapéutico.

Introduction: pre-retirement is defined as a stage of life where biological, psychological, social, cultural, spiritual and environmental factors converge to prepare the individual for a global and profound change. Objective: to determine, through the inclusive psychological treatment, the changes occurred in the cognitive process of thinking and the modifications obtained in the emotional sphere in the intervened group. Methods: a quasi-experimental study was carried out at "Marta Abreu" Teaching Polyclinic in Santa Clara, Villa Clara from January 2017 to February 2019. Procedures, methods and techniques were used with the application of this therapeutic modality in a study group of 200 pre-retired people aged 55 to 65 years old. Theoretical, empirical, statistical and mathematical methods were used. Psychological techniques were applied before and after the inclusive psychological treatment in the study and control groups. Results: they very revealing in the study group, and very significant changes were registered in intellectual processes as well as in verbal-logical, practical-constructive and ruminative thinking; also low anxious and mild depressive emotional states, high self-esteem, and notable improvement in vulnerability to stress. No favorable changes were reflected in the control group. Conclusions: the inclusive psychological treatment was effective in achieving positive changes in the cognitive, emotional and behavioural state in pre-retired people from the study group. The application of physiological deactivation, cognitive, experiential, reflective, and informative strategies, as well as coping behavioural skills, maintenance and generalization actions and palliative and moderating stress aids in the care of pre-retired people constituted a novel therapeutic resource.

Cross-sectional study on the sleep status and risk factors for sleep problems in infants and young children in Jilin Province / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the sleep status and risk factors for sleep problems in infants and young children in Jilin Province.@*METHODS@#A total of 1 080 healthy infants and young children aged 0-3 years from eight prefecture-level cities and one autonomous prefecture in Jilin Province were selected as subjects. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the general information of the subjects, and the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire was used to understand the sleep status of the subjects. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for sleep problems.@*RESULTS@#The total detection rate of sleep problems in the infants and young children was 38.24% (413/1 080). The total sleep time in the 4-11 month, 12-24 month, and 25-36 month age groups was higher than the recommended total sleep time (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that full-term birth, higher educational level of the main caregiver, and higher daytime activity intensity were protective factors for sleep problems in the infants and young children (P<0.05), while lower frequency of vitamin D supplementation, frequent night feeding, and maternal snoring were risk factors for sleep problems (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The total sleep time of infants and young children over 4 months old in Jilin Province is higher than the recommended total sleep time, but the prevalence rate of sleep problems is higher. The occurrence of sleep problems is related to various factors. Strengthening follow-up on preterm infants, providing education on infant sleep knowledge to primary caregivers, and regularly supplementing with vitamin D can be beneficial in reducing sleep problems in infants and young children.

A brief history of the evolution of lung cancer operation / 中华肿瘤杂志

Surgical operation is one of the significant parts of the comprehensive therapeutic methods of lung cancer. In the history of the development of lung cancer operation, scholars and predecessors at home and abroad have gradually established the current status of lung cancer operation and the framework of comprehensive treatment after continuous understanding of local anatomy of lung, continuous innovation of surgical equipment and continuous reform of surgical methods. In the continuous development and improvement of lung cancer surgical diagnosis and treatment procedures, a set of standardized diagnosis and treatment process of lung cancer screening, early diagnosis and treatment, standardized surgery process, rapid perioperative recovery, postoperative adjuvant treatment and follow-up has been formed. The achievements of lung cancer operation are achieved by scholars standing on the shoulders of giants. In the process of pioneering and innovating, we should go back and review the road that our predecessors have taken, and draw energy from it to continue to create new brilliance in lung cancer operation. In this paper, the evolution history of lung cancer surgery is summarized in order to improve the clinician's understanding of the history of lung cancer surgery.

Revision of brief health literacy assessment scale among the older adults and its reliability and validity test / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#The development and validation of the specific health literacy assessment tool for older adults is the basis for conducting the research on health literacy among older adults. The existing health literacy assessment scale for older adults in Chinese mainland has some limitations, such as too many items and poor compliance during the survey. It is necessary to develop or introduce simplified assessment tools to support large-scale surveys in the future. This study aims to modify the brief health literacy assessment scale compiled by Taiwan scholars, and to conduct the test for the reliability, validity and the measurement equivalence across gender in the older population in mainland China.@*METHODS@#From March to April 2021, 508 older adults from Jinan, Shandong Province, China were selected by cluster sampling method to conduct a questionnaire survey using the brief health literacy assessment scale and health-promoting lifestyle profile. After 4 weeks, 83 of them were selected for retesting. SPSS 25.0 statistical software was used for descriptive analysis, item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and reliability test, and Mplus 8.0 was used for confirmatory factor analysis and gender measurement equivalence test.@*RESULTS@#Each item of the scale had good discrimination, and there were significant differences in the scores of each item between high score and low score groups (P<0.05), and the coefficient of correlation between the scores of each item and the total score was between 0.721 and 0.891. Exploratory factor analysis extracted a factor with a characteristic root greater than 1, and the cumulative variance interpretation amount was 67.94%. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the single factor structure fit was good [χ2/df was 2.260, the Tucker-Lewis index was 0.973, the comparison fit index (CFI) was 0.982, and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.071]. The multi-group confirmatory factor analysis results showed that the brief health literacy assessment scale's configural equivalence, weak equivalence, and strong equivalence models were all accepted. The comparison results of measurement equivalence models showed that the changes of RMSEA were less than 0.015, and the changes of CFI were less than 0.01, indicating that the brief health literacy assessment scale had measurement equivalence between different gender groups. Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.945, and the test-retest reliability was 0.946. The correlation coefficient between health literacy and health-promotion lifestyles was 0.557 (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The brief health literacy assessment scale has good reliability, validity, and measurement equivalence across gender, and can be used as an effective measurement tool for the health literacy of the older people in Chinese mainland.

Detección del consumo de alcohol en el primer nivel de atención en México durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Detection of alcohol consumption at the first level of care in Mexico during the COVID-19 pandemic / Detecção do consumo de álcool no nível da atenção primária no México durante a pandemia de COVID-19

RESUMEN Objetivo. Medir el efecto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la implementación de un programa de detección oportuna, intervención breve y referencia para tratamiento por consumo de alcohol en centros de salud del primer nivel de atención de la Ciudad de México. Métodos. Se recopilaron los datos en 18 centros de salud de la Ciudad de México entre 2019 y 2021, como parte de un estudio más amplio. Participaron 287 profesionales de la salud, quienes midieron el consumo de alcohol de sus pacientes con la prueba AUDIT-C. Se analizaron aspectos demográficos y patrones de consumo de los pacientes, así como las acciones de atención (detección, intervención breve, entrega de folletos, monitoreo y referencia) en tres momentos: antes de la pandemia de COVID-19, durante el confinamiento y luego del confinamiento. Se realizaron pruebas paramétricas y no paramétricas para identificar la relación y las diferencias entre las variables en los tres períodos. Resultados. Se identificaron 9 090 personas con consumo de alcohol; el porcentaje de detección del consumo tuvo fluctuaciones en los tres períodos estudiados (26%, 53% y 37%, respectivamente). El consumo de riesgo medio y alto fue más frecuente entre hombres jóvenes y con mayor escolaridad durante y después del confinamiento. En el período posconfinamiento aumentaron las acciones de monitoreo y referencia. Conclusiones. La medición del impacto de la pandemia en la implementación de un programa de detección oportuna, asesoramiento breve y referencia para el tratamiento del consumo de alcohol en centros de salud ayuda a elaborar políticas en salud por edad, género, escolaridad y tipo de consumo para el primer nivel de atención.

ABSTRACT Objective. To measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the implementation of a program for timely detection, brief intervention, and referral for treatment of alcohol consumption in health centers at the first level of care in Mexico City. Methods. The data were collected at 18 health centers in Mexico City between 2019 and 2021, as part of a larger study. A total of 287 participating health professionals measured their patients' alcohol consumption using the AUDIT-C test. The patients' demographic aspects and consumption patterns were analyzed, as well as care actions (detection, brief intervention, provision of leaflets, monitoring, and referral) at three points in time: before the COVID-19 pandemic, during confinement, and after confinement. Parametric and nonparametric tests were performed to identify the relationship and differences between the variables at the three points. Results. A total of 9090 people who consumed alcohol were identified; detection of consumption fluctuated in the three periods studied (26%, 53%, and 37%, respectively). Medium- and high-risk consumption was more frequent among young men with higher schooling during and after confinement. In the post-confinement period, monitoring and referral actions increased. Conclusions. Measuring the impact of the pandemic on the implementation of a program for timely detection of alcohol consumption, brief intervention, and referral for treatment in health centers helps to develop health policies by age, gender, schooling, and type of consumption at the first level of care.

RESUMO Objetivo. Medir o efeito da pandemia de COVID-19 na implementação de um programa de detecção oportuna, intervenção breve e encaminhamento para tratamento pelo consumo de álcool em centros de saúde no nível da atenção primária na Cidade do México. Métodos. Foram coletados dados em 18 centros de saúde na Cidade do México entre 2019 e 2021, como parte de um estudo mais amplo. Participaram 287 profissionais de saúde, que mediram o consumo de álcool de seus pacientes com o teste AUDIT-C. Foram analisados aspectos demográficos e o padrão de consumo dos pacientes, bem como as medidas em termos de atendimento (triagem, intervenção breve, entrega de folhetos, monitoramento e encaminhamento) em três momentos: antes da pandemia de COVID-19, durante o confinamento e após o confinamento. Foram feitos testes paramétricos e não paramétricos para identificar a relação e as diferenças entre as variáveis nos três períodos. Resultados. Foram identificadas 9.090 pessoas com consumo de álcool, sendo que a porcentagem de consumo detectada flutuou nos três períodos estudados (26%, 53% e 37%, respectivamente). O consumo de médio e alto risco foi mais prevalente entre homens jovens e com nível maior de escolaridade durante e após o confinamento. No período posterior ao confinamento, as medidas de monitoramento e encaminhamento aumentaram. Conclusões. Medir o impacto da pandemia na implementação de um programa de detecção oportuna, intervenção breve e encaminhamento para tratamento do consumo de álcool em centros de saúde ajuda na formulação de políticas de saúde por idade, gênero, escolaridade e tipo de consumo para o primeiro nível de atenção.

Overall quality of life impact on candidates for septorhinoplasty according to the World Health Organization quality of life brief questionnaire (WHOQOL-Brief) / Impacto geral na qualidade de vida em candidatos à septorrinoplastia de acordo com o World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Questionnaire (WHOQOL-Brief)

Abstract Introduction: Quality of life has been an increasingly reference measure in whole health impact of diseases and in septorhinoplasty evaluation as well. It is known that the decision for this elective surgical procedure requires the subjective perception of patients' complaints about their own health and life stage in association with the surgeon's aesthetic and functional perspective of each case. Objective: To define the quality of life of candidates for septorhinoplasty using the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire, WHOQOL-Brief, and the prevalence of other independent variables for this population. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a sample of candidates for septorhinoplasty was performed. All patients responded to the WHOQOL-Brief during the pre-operative period. A normative population quality of life study was the reference for the sample size and means. Results: A total of 302 patients were included among the 322 eligible patients. Twenty patients did not complete the questionnaire correctly and were excluded from the study. The sample consisted of patients aged between 15 and 78 years (34.7±14 years): the most majority were Caucasian and female. Among this group, 88.1% declared symptoms of nasal obstruction and 77.4% complained of sleeping problems. It was seen that 10.9% patients chose the surgery primarily for aesthetic improvement; 37.1% chose it mainly because of functional symptoms and 52% chose it for both functional and aesthetic reasons. The physical health domain's mean was 62.2 ± 17), which is a higher mean compared to the references' standard one (Μ = 58.9± 10.5, p = 0.002). The social relationship domain mean was 70.8±18.1; that is a lower mean then general population's one (Μ = 76.2± 18.8, p < 0.001). The psychological and the environment domain means revealed no difference when comparing the sample to the norm (μ = 65.3 ±15.1 vs. μ = 65.9 ±10.8, p = 0.530 and μ = 60.3 ±13.1 vs. μ = 59.9 ± 14.9, p = 0.667). Conclusion: The WHOQOL-Brief questionnaire proved an accurate instrument to cross-check different populations in quality of life outcomes. The study provides good evidence of lower quality of life in social relations domain and high prevalence of nasal obstruction and sleeping symptoms in candidates for septorhinoplasty. This study contributes to recent literature with relevant data supporting a more integrative evaluation in this population in the preoperative period. The results may also encourage a multidisciplinary approach for chronic symptoms when associated with nasal obstruction, sleep disorders and aesthetic complaints.

Resumo Introdução: A qualidade de vida tem sido cada vez mais uma medida de referência no impacto total das doenças na saúde e também na avaliação da septorrinoplastia. Sabe-se que a decisão por esse procedimento médico eletivo requer a percepção subjetiva da queixa do paciente sobre sua própria saúde e estágio de vida em associação com a perspectiva estética e funcional do cirurgião de cada caso. Objetivo: Definir a qualidade de vida de pacientes candidatos à septorrinoplastia por meio do questionário de qualidade de vida da OMS, WHOQOL-Brief e a prevalência de outras variáveis independentes para essa população. Método: Foi feito um estudo transversal com uma amostra de candidatos à septorrinoplastia. Todos os pacientes responderam ao WHOQOL-Brief no momento pré-operatório. Um estudo normativo de qualidade de vida populacional foi a referência para o tamanho e as médias da amostra. Resultados: Foram incluídos 302 pacientes entre os 322 elegíveis. Vinte pacientes não preencheram o questionário corretamente e foram excluídos do estudo. A amostra foi composta por pacientes entre 15 e 78 anos (34,7 ± 14 anos) e a maioria era branca e do sexo feminino. Entre todos, 88,1% declararam sintomas de obstrução nasal e 77,4% declararam ter sintomas durante o sono. Observou-se que 10,9% dos pacientes optaram pela cirurgia principalmente para melhoria estética; 37,1% optaram principalmente devido a sintomas funcionais e 52% optaram por queixa funcional e estética. A média do domínio saúde física foi de 62,2 ± 17, uma média mais alta em comparação com o padrão de referências (μ = 58,9 ± 10,5, p = 0,002). A média do domínio do relacionamento social foi de 70,8 ±18,1, uma média inferior à da população geral (μ = 76,2 ± 18,8, p < 0,001). As médias dos domínios psicológico e meio ambiente não diferiram na comparação da amostra com o normativo (μ = 65,3 ±15,1 vs. μ = 65,9 ± 10,8, p = 0,530 e μ = 60,3 ±13,1 vs. μ = 59,9 ± 14,9, p = 0,667). Conclusão: O questionário WHOQOL-Brief demonstrou servir como um instrumento preciso para cruzar diferentes populações nos desfechos de qualidade de vida. O estudo fornece boas evidências de menor qualidade de vida no domínio relações sociais e alta prevalência de obstrução nasal e sintomas durante o sono em candidatos à septorrinoplastia. Este estudo contribui para a literatura recente com dados relevantes que subsidiam uma avaliação mais integrativa nessa população no momento pré-operatório. Os resultados também podem incentivar uma abordagem multidisciplinar para os sintomas crônicos quando associados, como ocorre na obstrução nasal, distúrbios do sono e queixas estéticas.

Revisión de las pruebas cognitivas breves para pacientes con sospecha de demencia / Review of brief cognitive tests for patients with suspected dementia

RESUMEN NTRODUCCIÓN: Para ser útiles, las pruebas cognitivas breves (PCB) deben ser rápidas, sensibles, fáciles de realizar y no necesitar de un gran entrenamiento para hacerlo. Las pruebas cognitivas breves comúnmente utilizadas incluyen el Mini Examen del Estado Mental (MMSE) y la Evaluación Cognitiva de Montreal (MoCA). OBJETIVO: Brindar una descripción de las PCB disponibles y sus propiedades psicométricas para la detección de la demencia. MÉTODOS: Revisión narrativa RESULTADOS: El MMSE le otorga un gran peso a la orientación, la memoria, la visuo-espacialidad y el lenguaje, y, en consecuencia, puede ser sensible a los déficits cognitivos encontrados en la demencia tipo Alzheimer. MoCA es una prueba breve más compleja que evalúa una gama más amplia de dominios cognitivos, especialmente funciones ejecutivas, proporcionando una mayor sensibilidad para detectar el deterioro cognitivo leve y otros tipos de demencia, no solo la demencia tipo Alzheimer. CONCLUSIONES: Las PCB son parte del arsenal necesario para ayudar a confirmar la sospecha de la demencia. La escolaridad tiene un impacto importante en el desempeño de las PCB y puede sesgar la interpretación de los resultados obtenidos.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: To be useful, Brief Cognitive Tests (BCTs) must be fast, sensitive, easy to perform, and not require extensive training to do so. Commonly used brief cognitive tests include the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). OBJECTIVE: To provide a description of the available BCTs and their psychometric properties for the detection of dementia. METHODS: Narrative review RESULTS: The MMSE places great weight on orientation, memory, visuospatiality, and language, and, consequently, may be sensitive to the cognitive deficits found in Alzheimer's dementia. MoCA is a more complex brief test that assesses a broader range of cognitive domains, especially executive functions, providing greater sensitivity for detecting mild cognitive impairment and other types of dementia, not just Alzheimer's dementia. CONCLUSIONS: BCTs are part of the arsenal needed to help confirm suspected dementia. Schooling has an important impact on the performance of BCTs and can bias the interpretation of the results obtained.

Efeito de intervenções breves na redução do consumo de álcool em adultos: revisão sistemática / The effect of brief interventions on reducing alcohol consumption in adults: a systematic review / Efecto de las intervenciones breves en la reducción del consumo de alcohol en adultos: revisión sistemática

RESUMO Objetivo: sintetizar evidências sobre efeitos das intervenções breves na redução do consumo de bebidas alcóolicas entre adultos. Método: estudo de revisão sistemática, cadastrado protocolo na International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, registro nº CRD42020153034. A busca foi realizada em 2020, em bases de dados eletrônicas e foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados que avaliavam os efeitos de Intervenções Breve em adultos bebedores de álcool. Resultados: foram avaliados 11 artigos. Todos os estudos realizaram, nos grupos controle e experimental, teste de identificação do padrão de consumo de álcool, com oferta de feedback para o usuário em seguida. As intervenções utilizam metodologias que incitam o usuário à tomada de decisão, bem como manter a decisão tomada e evitar recaídas. Conclusão: esta pesquisa contribui para o ensino e assistência em saúde, por meio de reflexões sobre a identificação do abuso de álcool e compilado sobre a aplicação e impacto das Intervenções Breves.

ABSTRACT Objective: to synthesize evidence on the effects of brief interventions on reducing alcohol consumption among adults. Method: systematic review study, protocol registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, registration no. CRD42020153034. The search was conducted in 2020, in electronic databases and randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effects of Brief Interventions in adult alcohol drinkers were included. Results: 11 articles were evaluated. All studies performed, in the control and experimental groups, a test to identify the pattern of alcohol consumption, with feedback offered to the user afterwards. The interventions use methodologies that encourage the user to make a decision, as well as maintain the decision made and avoid relapse. Conclusion: this research contributes to health care teaching and assistance, through reflections on the identification of alcohol abuse and compiled on the application and impact of Brief Interventions.

RESUMEN Objetivo: sintetizar las pruebas sobre los efectos de las intervenciones breves para reducir el consumo de alcohol entre los adultos. Método: estudio de revisión sistemática, protocolo registrado en el Registro Internacional Prospectivo de Revisiones Sistemáticas, número de registro CRD42020153034. La búsqueda se realizó en 2020, en bases de datos electrónicas y se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorios que evaluaron los efectos de las Intervenciones Breves en bebedores de alcohol adultos. Resultados: Se evaluaron 11 artículos. Todos los estudios realizaron, en los grupos de control y experimental, una prueba para identificar el patrón de consumo de alcohol, con una retroalimentación ofrecida al usuario después. Las intervenciones utilizan metodologías que incitan al usuario a tomar una decisión, así como a mantener la decisión tomada y evitar recaídas. Conclusión: esta investigación contribuye a la docencia y a la atención sanitaria, a través de reflexiones sobre la identificación del abuso de alcohol y recopiladas sobre la aplicación y el impacto de las Intervenciones Breves.

Study on performance comparison between Brain Health System's clinic digital memory assessment and previously used assessments in dementia risk screening / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To study on performance comparison between clinic digital memory assessment and previously used assessments in dementia risk screening.To compare the performance comparison between Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative(BABRI)Brain Health System's Clinic Digital Memory Detection as study and Alzheimer Disease-8(AD8)and the Brief Community Screening Instrument for Dementia(BCSID)as controls, We calculated and evaluated the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of screening Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)among these tests.Furthermore, BABRI Brain Health System was used to conduct a large sample brain health examination and early dementia screening to test the validity, adaptability and stability of the evaluation results by BABRI Brain Health System'Clinic Digital Memory Detection.Methods:Dataset 1 contained 669 elderly subjects from five communities in Beijing were recruited according to inclusion and exclusion standard.The diagnosis of MCI was based on the full set of neuropsychological scale and Petersen standard.Dataset 1 was used to compare the discriminant effect of BABRI Brain Health System'Clinic Digital Memory Detection as study versus AD8 and BCSID as controls.The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and Youden index of each measurement tool were calculated.Then, the receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curve was prepared to compare the discrimination ability of MCI between each measurement tool.While the area under the curve(AUC)of different tools was compared by Wald χ2 test.Dataset 2 contained 284 103 subjects from 16 communities in Beijing, which were used to test the applicability of large sample screening in BABRI Brain Health System. Results:77 patients with MCI were found among 666 people, and incidence rate was 11.56% using the full set of neuropsychological scales in dataset 1.Compared with the results of other tests, the sensitivity of BABRI Brain Health System to correctly distinguish MCI was 0.753, which was close to BCSID, and better than AD8.In addition, BABRI Brain Health System's Youden's index was 0.741 and AUC was 0.905, which suggested that the specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and cognitive domain coverage of MCI screening were generally better in BABRI Brain Health System than in AD8 and BCSID.Finally, the Brain Health Examination results of 284, 000 people in dataset 2 showed that the high-risk detection rate of MCI(8.65%)of the tool for people over 50 years old under a large sample was quite close to the results of dataset 1(8.67%), indicating that the BABRI Brain Health System had high stability.Conclusions:BABRI Brain Health System has not only high sensitivity and specificity, but also wide cognitive field coverage and high stability.BABRI Brain Health System is suitable for large-scale brain health examination and dementia risk screening in grass-roots communities, and is worthy of popularization.

Sleep initiation patterns and their influence on sleep quality in infants and young children / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the current status of sleep initiation patterns, influencing factors for sleep initiation patterns, and the influence of sleep initiation patterns on sleep quality in infants and young children.@*METHODS@#A total of 521 infants and young children, aged 0-35 months, who underwent physical examination at the outpatient service of the Department of Growth and Development in Shenzhen Bao'an Women's and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University were enrolled as subjects. A self-designed questionnaire and Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire were used to collect the information on family background, parenting behaviors, and sleep quality in the past one week. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the influencing factors for sleep initiation patterns. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of sleep initiation patterns on the number of nighttime awakenings.@*RESULTS@#Among the 521 infants and young children, 258 (49.5%) were breastfed/bottle fed to initiate sleep, 62 (11.9%) were rocked/held to initiate sleep, 39 (7.5%) slept independently, and 162 (31.1%) initiated sleep accompanied by parents. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the children with breastfeeding and a younger age were more likely to be breastfed/bottle fed to initiate sleep (P<0.05) and that the children with a younger age were also more likely to be rocked/held to initiate sleep (P<0.05). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that sleep initiation with breastfeeding/bottle feeding significantly increased the number of nighttime awakenings (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Most infants and young children initiate sleep by being breastfed/bottle fed, rocked/held, or accompanied. The sleep initiation pattern is associated with the age of children and whether they are still breastfeeding. Sleep initiation with breastfeeding/bottle feeding can increase the number of nighttime awakenings. io.

Restorative effects of different forest environments in spring, summer, and autumn / 环境与职业医学

Background It has been proved by many studies that forest environment has good restorative effects. Some researchers have attempted to identify natural factors affecting restorativeness. However, current studies have not focused on the effect of seasonal variation of forest environments on its restorative strength. Objective To evaluate the restorative effect changes of two types of forest environments across different seasons. Methods The experiments were conducted in April (spring), June (summer), and October (autumn) of 2017. Forty subjects were recruited in spring，18 in summer, and 20 in autumn. In spring, the subjects were randomly assigned to a forest park in suburban area and one in semi-pristine area in Beijing where each subject only experienced one kind of forest environment. In summer and autumn, each subject experienced two kinds of forest environments. They spent the first day in the suburban area forest park, and the second day in the semi-pristine area forest park. First the subjects completed the Brief Profile of Mood States (BPOMS) and had their heart rate been monitored for 10 min before test followed by a 30 min forest experience with sedentary sitting. At the end of each experience, the subjects completed the BPOMS again, and also the Restoration Environment Scale-Chinese version. Objective physical environment indicators were monitored simultaneously during forest experience. The changes of each indicator were analyzed before and after forest experience in selected three seasons. Results In the objective physical environment indicators, the concentrations of anion in selected three seasons in the semi-pristine area forest were higher than the values in the suburban development area forest; the concentration of anion in autumn was much higher than those in the other two seasons. In the assessment of the Restorative Environment Scale, the total scores of restorativeness of the semi-pristine area forest were generally higher than the scores in the suburban development area forest, but significant differences were found only in spring and summer (P < 0.001 in spring, P=0.022 in summer, and P=0.083 in autumn). In terms of physiological indicators, the average heart rate was decreased, while short-term R-R interval standard deviation (SD1) and root mean square of difference of successive intervals (RMSSD) were increased after the designed forest experience sessions in the three seasons, and there was statistical difference between forest types. In terms of psychological indicators, a decrease in the score of total mood disorder was presented after the experience session. In spring, there was a trend that the forest park in suburban development area had a better regulation effect on total mood disorder (P=0.07). In summer and autumn, there was a trend that the semi-pristine area forest park had a better regulation effect on total mood disorder (P=0.062 in summer and P=0.001 in autumn). Conclusion Generally, forest environments can improve the psychological and physiological indicators of human, and the improvement varies with frosts types and seasons. The restorative effects of forests in semi-pristine areas is better than those in suburban development area.

Efeito de intervenções breves na redução do consumo de álcool em adultos: revisão sistemática / The effect of brief interventions on reducing alcohol consumption in adults: a systematic review / Efecto de las intervenciones breves en la reducción del consumo de alcohol en adultos: revisión sistemática

RESUMO Objetivo: sintetizar evidências sobre efeitos das intervenções breves na redução do consumo de bebidas alcóolicas entre adultos. Método: estudo de revisão sistemática, cadastrado protocolo na International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, registro nº CRD42020153034. A busca foi realizada em 2020, em bases de dados eletrônicas e foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados que avaliavam os efeitos de Intervenções Breve em adultos bebedores de álcool. Resultados: foram avaliados 11 artigos. Todos os estudos realizaram, nos grupos controle e experimental, teste de identificação do padrão de consumo de álcool, com oferta de feedback para o usuário em seguida. As intervenções utilizam metodologias que incitam o usuário à tomada de decisão, bem como manter a decisão tomada e evitar recaídas. Conclusão: esta pesquisa contribui para o ensino e assistência em saúde, por meio de reflexões sobre a identificação do abuso de álcool e compilado sobre a aplicação e impacto das Intervenções Breves.

ABSTRACT Objective: to synthesize evidence on the effects of brief interventions on reducing alcohol consumption among adults. Method: systematic review study, protocol registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, registration no. CRD42020153034. The search was conducted in 2020, in electronic databases and randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effects of Brief Interventions in adult alcohol drinkers were included. Results: 11 articles were evaluated. All studies performed, in the control and experimental groups, a test to identify the pattern of alcohol consumption, with feedback offered to the user afterwards. The interventions use methodologies that encourage the user to make a decision, as well as maintain the decision made and avoid relapse. Conclusion: this research contributes to health care teaching and assistance, through reflections on the identification of alcohol abuse and compiled on the application and impact of Brief Interventions.

RESUMEN Objetivo: sintetizar las pruebas sobre los efectos de las intervenciones breves para reducir el consumo de alcohol entre los adultos. Método: estudio de revisión sistemática, protocolo registrado en el Registro Internacional Prospectivo de Revisiones Sistemáticas, número de registro CRD42020153034. La búsqueda se realizó en 2020, en bases de datos electrónicas y se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorios que evaluaron los efectos de las Intervenciones Breves en bebedores de alcohol adultos. Resultados: Se evaluaron 11 artículos. Todos los estudios realizaron, en los grupos de control y experimental, una prueba para identificar el patrón de consumo de alcohol, con una retroalimentación ofrecida al usuario después. Las intervenciones utilizan metodologías que incitan al usuario a tomar una decisión, así como a mantener la decisión tomada y evitar recaídas. Conclusión: esta investigación contribuye a la docencia y a la atención sanitaria, a través de reflexiones sobre la identificación del abuso de alcohol y recopiladas sobre la aplicación y el impacto de las Intervenciones Breves.

Motivação para mudança no consumo de bebidas alcoólicas: intervenção breve como estratégia motivacional / Motivation for change in alcohol consumption: brief intervention as a motivational strategy / Motivación para el cambio en el consumo de alcohol: la intervención breve como estrategia motivacional

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o efeito da intervenção breve na motivação para mudança do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas. Método: estudo experimental, de follow-up, realizado com 43 participantes em duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Foi aplicado o Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, a Régua de Prontidão para Mudança e um questionário socioeconômico. Resultados: o grupo experimental apresentou mediana igual a 10 pontos (fase de manutenção) no início e após 30 dias. No segmento, mediana igual a oito pontos (estágio de ação). O grupo- controle, mediana igual a oito pontos no início e após 30 dias (fase de ação). No segmento, a mediana igual a sete pontos (fase de planejamento). Na avaliação intermediária de 30 dias, notou-se que houve diferença estatística na motivação entre os dois grupos (p=0,029). Conclusão: concluiu-se que a Intervenção Breve foi eficaz para manter a motivação nos estágios de ação e manutenção da mudança no consumo de bebidas alcoólicas.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the effect of brief intervention on motivation to change alcohol consumption. Method: experimental, follow-up study, conducted with 43 participants in two Basic Health Units. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, the Change Readiness Ruler, and a socioeconomic questionnaire were applied. Results: The experimental group showed a median equal to 10 points (maintenance stage) at the beginning and after 30 days. In the segment, the median was equal to eight points (action stage). The control group had a median equal to eight points at the beginning and after 30 days (action stage). In the segment, median equal to seven points (planning stage). In the 30-day intermediate evaluation, it was noted that there was a statistical difference in motivation between the two groups (p=0.029). Conclusion: it was concluded that the Brief Intervention was effective in maintaining motivation in the stages of action and maintenance of change in the consumption of alcoholic drinks.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar el efecto de una intervención breve sobre la motivación para el cambio en el consumo de alcohol. Método: Estudio experimental, de seguimiento, realizado con 43 participantes en dos Unidades Básicas de Salud. Se aplicó el Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, la Regla de Disposición al Cambio y un cuestionario socioeconómico. Resultados: el grupo experimental mostró una mediana igual a 10 puntos (fase de mantenimiento) al principio y después de 30 días. En el segmento, la mediana era igual a ocho puntos (etapa de acción). El grupo de control tenía una mediana igual a ocho puntos al principio y después de 30 días (etapa de acción). En el segmento, la mediana es igual a siete puntos (fase de planificación). En la evaluación intermedia de 30 días, se observó que había una diferencia estadística en la motivación entre los dos grupos (p=0,029). Conclusión: se concluyó que la Intervención Breve fue eficaz para mantener la motivación en las etapas de acción y mantenimiento del cambio en el consumo de alcohol.

Evidências preliminares de validade de versão reduzida da escala de compra por impulso de Rook e Fisher / Preliminary Evidence of Validity of the Reduced Version of Rook and Fisher's Impulse Buying Scale

Resumo Introdução: A redução de escalas visa a redução da quantidade de itens, mantendo-se suas qualidades psicométricas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a redução da versão brasileira da escala de compra por impulso de Rook e Fisher. Método: Participaram do estudo 1173 brasileiros, sendo 868 mulheres e 305 homens com a média de idade de 24.8 anos e desvio-padrão de 12.7. Todos os participantes foram contatados via redes sociais ou e-mail. A pesquisa foi dividida em três estudos. Resultados: No primeiro estudo, a estrutura unifatorial do instrumento foi corroborada, uma vez que a análise paralela sugeriu a retenção de um fator e os índices de ajuste foram acima de .95. Foram selecionados quatro itens para comporem a versão reduzida. O segundo estudo analisou a estrutura interna e as cargas fatoriais da escala reduzida por meio da análise fatorial exploratória e da análise fatorial confirmatória. Os resultados da análise fatorial exploratória foram semelhantes aos do estudo 1 e a análise fatorial confirmatória também apresentou índices de ajuste acima de .90. No terceiro estudo foram realizadas correlações para verificar o grau de diferença das correlações entre a escala reduzida e a original. Foram obtidas evidências de validade preditiva com as escalas de materialismo, consumo de status e propensão ao endividamento. Ainda, realizou-se uma análise fatorial confirmatória multigrupo que verificou a invariância do instrumento entre homens e mulheres. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a escala reduzida de compra por impulso, 4-CI, é considerada adequada para a mensuração desse construto.

Abstract Introduction: Scale reduction aims the reduction of the number of the items maintaining its psychometric properties. The goal of this study was to reduce the Brazilian version of Rook and Fisher's impulsive buying scale. Method: Participants were 1173 Brazilians, in which 868 were women and 305 were men with mean of age of 24.8 years old and a standard deviation of 12.7. All participants were recruited via social media or e-mail. The research was split in three. Results: In the first study, the unifactorial structure was supported, once the parallel analysis suggested the retention of one factor, and the fit indexes were superior to .95. Four items were selected to form the reduced version. The second study analyzed the internal structure and the factorial loadings of the reduced scale through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The results from the exploratory factor analysis were similar to those of study 1 and the confirmatory factor analysis also showed fit indexes above .90. In the third study, correlation analysis were run to verify the disparities between the reduced and the original scale. Predictive validity evidence was gathered with the materialism, consumption by status, and propension to indebtedness. Still, a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis verified the instrument invariance between men and women. Conclusion: It is concluded that the reduced impulsive buying scale, 4-CI, is considered adequate to the measurement of this construct.