Hemivulvectomía radical por gangrena de fournier en mujer con antecedente de radioterapia pélvica / Radical hemivulvectomy due to Fournier's gangrene in a woman with a history of pelvic radiotherapy

RESUMEN La Gangrena de Fournier es una infección necrotizante que afecta al área genitourinaria, perineal y perianal. Se trata de una infección muy grave con una rápida evolución a estadios avanzados y una elevada tasa de morbimortalidad asociada. Sin embargo, con frecuencia tiende a ser infradiagnosticada. Es vital en su manejo un diagnóstico basado en la sospecha clínica e inicio del tratamiento quirúrgico precoz con desbridamiento y exéresis de los tejidos afectos. Además, es crucial la asociación de antibioterapia de amplio espectro y el apoyo nutricional de soporte en el pronóstico de dicha entidad. En este artículo se revisa un caso clínico de Gangrena de Fournier, en una paciente con antecedentes de osteítis púbica y cistitis derivadas del tratamiento mediante radioterapia pélvica, diagnosticado y tratado con una hemivulvectomía radical, antibioterapia y lavados quirúrgicos en nuestro Hospital.

ABSTRACT The Fournier's Gangrene is a necrotizing infection which is located in the perineal area. It´s a severe infection, which involves a quick evolution to advanced stages where a high morbimortality rate is associated. However, it often tends to be underdiagnosed in early stages. The most important in the diagnosis is a high clinical suspicion and subsequent surgical treatment which is base on a desbridalment and exeresis of the affected tissues. In addition, the association of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and nutritional support are crucial. This report reviews a clinical case of Fournier's Gangrene, in a patient with a history of radiation induced cystitis and pubic osteitis after pelvic radiotherapy, diagnosed and treated with a radical hemivulvectomy, antibiotic therapy and lavages in our Hospital.

Comparación de ceftazidima-amikacina contra imipenem en el tratamiento de fiebre neutropénica / Comparison of ceftazidime/amikacin vs imipenem in the treatment of neutropenic fever

Resumen: ANTECEDENTES: la fiebre neutropénica es una de las principales complicaciones del tratamiento oncológico y es causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad; afecta a más de 80% de los pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas durante el primer ciclo de quimioterapia. El tratamiento consiste en antibióticos de amplio espectro con respuestas terapéuticas heterogéneas. OBJETIVO: determinar el tiempo promedio de la desaparición de la fiebre después de la administración de la primera dosis del antibiótico. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado, doble ciego, efectuado del 1 de mayo al 24 de septiembre de 2014, en el que los pacientes se distribuyeron al azar para recibir tratamiento con ceftazidima-amikacina o imipenem durante 10 días. Se registraron la temperatura y fiebre. Se tomaron hemocultivos previo al tratamiento y a las 48 horas en caso de persistencia de fiebre. Se registraron todos los hemocultivos con crecimiento bacteriano. RESULTADOS: se evaluaron 31 pacientes, de 17 a 61 años de edad (promedio de 33.6 ± 13.9); 15 pacientes recibieron ceftazidima-amikacina (48.4%) y 16 pacientes imipenem (51.6%). El tiempo promedio de remisión de la fiebre fue de 11.2 ± 16.3 vs 9.6 ± 14.8 horas (p = 0.6) en el grupo de ceftazidima-amikacina e imipenem, respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: no hubo diferencia en el tiempo de mejoría clínica entre los pacientes tratados con imipenem o ceftazidima-amikacina. Ambos esquemas antimicrobianos fueron igual de eficaces para el tratamiento de la fiebre neutropénica secundaria a quimioterapia.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Neutropenic fever is one of the major complications of cancer treatment and it is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. It occurs in more than 80% of patients with hematologic malignancies during the first cycle of chemotherapy. Treatment consists on broad-spectrum antibiotics with heterogeneous therapeutic responses. OBJECTIVE: To determine the average time for disappearance of fever after the administration of the first dose of antibiotics. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A prospective, randomized, double blind study was conducted. Patients were randomized to receive treatment with ceftazidime/amikacin or imipenem for 10 days. A record of temperature and fever was kept. Blood cultures prior to treatment and at 48 hours were taken in case of persistent fever. All blood cultures were recorded for bacterial growth. RESULTS: Were evaluated 31 patients with ages between 17 and 61 years (mean 33.6 ± 13.9). Fifteen patients received ceftazidime/amikacin (48.4%) and 16 patients imipenem (51.6%). The average time of remission of fever was 11.2±16.3 vs 14.8 ± 9.6 hours (p = 0.6) for the ceftazidime/amikacin and imipenem group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference about the time of clinical improvement among patients treated with imipenem or ceftazidime/amikacin. Both antimicrobials schemes were equally effective for the treatment of secondary neutropenic fever chemotherapy.

Garenoxacin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major cause of adult mortality in Asia. Empirical use of antibiotics depends on the pathogens that are commonly responsible. Evolution of resistant pathogens in CAP has added to the burden of treating physicians. Microbiological culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing are helpful for the treatment of such respiratory tract infections. Klebsiella pneumoniae though uncommon pathogen of CAP has been reported in many cases. Garenoxacin a newer fluoroquinolone has found its utility in the treatment of respiratory tract infections. Providing symptomatic relief to the patient with the use of analgesics, antipyretics and cough preparations are also an essential part of the management.