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Objective To investigate the clinical diagnosis features of primary pulmonary lymphoma (PPL). Methods 11 cases of primary pulmonary lymphoma, confirmed by pathological examinations from January 2015 to March 2017, were studied. Most of them (10 cases) were diagnosed by endobronchial ultrasound. Results The study group consisted of 7 male (63.6％) and 4 female (36.4％) patients, aged from 35 to 72 years. 8 of 11 cases (72.7％) were more than 50 years old. The clinical symptoms consist of cough (63.6％), sputum (45.5％), breathlessness(36.4％), 2 cases were asymptomatic. The pulmonary imaging manifestation consists of four different patterns: pneumonic (72.7％);nodular or mass (45.5％); bronchovascular-lymphangitic (9.1％); milliary- hematogenous (9.1％). Air bronchograms (8 cases, 72.7％) were the common accompanying signs, typically taking the shape of withered arborization. Many cases (72.7％) were misdiagnosed, first as pneumonia or organizing pneumonia. Conclusion Primary lymphoma of the lung occurs with nonspecific clinical features, often initial misdiagnosed as pneumonia or organizing pneumonia, but it has some characteristics on radiology, such as multiple lesions, lesions accompanied with air bronchogram taking the shape of withered arborization. Final diagnosis making depended on pathological examinations by lung biopsy. The positive rate of lung biopsy by endobronchial ultrasound is also high.
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Objective:To investigate the expression of Galectin-7 in the bronchial mucosa of asthmatic children and its effect on the apoptosis of bronchial epithelial cells.Methods:Bronchial mucosa of asthmatic children and children with bronchial dilation were collected and the expression of Galectin-7 was detected by Western blot.Human bronchial epithelial cells were cultured in vitro,the cells were transfected with Galectin-7 siRNA to interfere the Galectin-7 expression,while siRNA control was transfected as the control group.The experiment was divided into normal group,control group,infected group and experimental group.The normal group was normal human bronchial epithelial cells,the cells in the control group was transfected with siRNA control,the infected group was infected with RSV,the experimental group was transfected with Galectin-7 siRNA and infected with RSV.After 24h culture,Galectin-7 protein expression and cell apoptosis were detected in the cells of each group.Western blot was used to detected the expression of Bcl-2,Bax,STAT3 and p-STAT3.Results:The expression of Galectin-7 in bronchial mucosa of asthmatic children was significantly higher than that of the non asthmatic children (P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in the Galectin-7 level between the normal group and the control group (P＞0.05).The levels of Galectin-7,Bax and apoptosis in the infected group were significantly higher than those in the normal group,while the levels ofp-STAT3 and Bcl-2 were significantly lower than those in the normal group (P＜0.01).The levels of Galectin-7,Bax and apoptosis in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the infected group,while the levels of p-STAT3 and Bcl-2 were significantly higher than those in the infected group (P＜0.01).Conelusions:The expression of Galectin-7 was up-regulated in the bronchial mucosa of asthmatic children,which might promote the apoptosis of bronchial epithelial cells by activating STAT3.
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Objective To investigate the pathological changes of ultrastructure of mucosa in various bronchial segments from type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Sixteen cases of type 2 diabetic patients were selected,2-3 pieces of bronchial mucosa and submucosal tissue of the lesion were taken from various bronchi during bronchoscopy and these samples were observed under a transmission electron microscope. Results The basal lamina of bronchial capillary were diffusely thickened and mostly showed onion-skin like change,protein deposited around and mixed with basal menbrance;irregular highly electron dense materials were found to deposite around capillary,capillary lumen became narrow or even collapsed,neutrophilic leucocyte marginated in lumen and adhered with endothelium;protein deposited in the interstitial;endothelial cells and pericytes had dark cell changes.The cistern of rough endoplasmic reticulum dilated and vesicle formed.Conclusion Bronchial mucosa and its surrounding tissues show characteristic pathological changes of diabetes,bronchial is also the target organ of chronic diabetic damage.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There have been some reports on the expression of TGF beta-an anti-inflammatory and fibrosing cytokine in airway mucosa of asthmatics. However, the ex- pression of TGF beta1 in bronchial mucosa of TDI-induced asthma is not known. The aim of this study was to observe immunolocalization of TGF beta1 in airway mucosa of TDI-induced asthma. METHODS: TGF beta1 expressions were compared using immunohistochemistry in bronchial muco- sa from 22 subjects with TDI-induced asthma (group I: 10 newly diagnosed, group II: 12 subjects with persistent asthma symptoms for more than 4 years after diagnosis), and 8 non- asthmatics undergoing pneumonectomy from lung tumor. The distribution and intensity of expression were analyzed by two observers in four areas of bronchial tissue-epithelium(EP), vascular endothelium(VE), smooth muscle(SM), and mucous glands(MG). RESULTS: Positive rates of TGF beta1 expression for groups I and II in the four areas were as follows; EP (50% vs 100%, p0.05). Grades of TGF beta1 expression of EP, VE, and SM were significantly higher in group II than in group I(p0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: TGF beta1 expressions of EP, VE, SM and MG were noted in airway mucosa of TDI-induced asthma and expressions of EP, VE, and SM were more intense and frequent in patients with persistent asthma symptoms.
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Humans , Asthma , Immunohistochemistry , Lung , Mucous Membrane , Pneumonectomy , Toluene , Transforming Growth Factor beta1 , Transforming Growth FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by a marked infiltration of ecsinophils in the bronchial mucosa. Asthmatic bronchial muosa produces many factors described as king chernotaetic for inflammatory cells. IL-5, RANTES, and MCP-1 alpha are the chemotactic factors for eosinophils, but their roles are controversiaL Recently eotaxin that is a potent eosinophil chernoattracttnt cytokine was detected in a guinea-pig model of allergic airway inflammation, and human eotaxin was cloned. Eotaxin is a specific chemoattractant for eosinophils, but its role in asthma is not confirmed. We examined the in vivo expression of a,taxin in bronchi of asthmatic patients. METHODS: 11 asthmatics and 2 normal controls were enrolled. All subjects were underwent brcnchcscopy with bronchial biopsies in 2nd or 3rd carina. RNA extraction from biopsy samples was done by acid-guanidium method. Semi-quantitaive RT-PCR was done for evaluation of eotaxin mRNA expression. The extent of eosinophil infiltrartion was evaluated by counting the eosinophils in submucosa in HPF of microscope. RESULTS: Eotaxin mRNA expressed in symptomatic, uncontrolled asthma. Steroid inhibited expression of eotaxin mRNA in asthma. Expression of eotaxin mRNA correlated with eosinohil infiltration in bronchial tissues. CONCLUISON: Expression of eotaxin mRNA increases in uncontrolled asthma and eotaxin is involved in the recruitment of eosinophils.