Congenital pulmonary malformations in children in a pediatric hospital in Peru, 2010-2020 / Malformaciones pulmonares congénitas en niños de un hospital pediátrico de Perú, 2010-2020

Abstract Background: Congenital pulmonary malformations (CPMs) are rare in children. This study aimed to describe the clinical, imaging characteristics, and treatment of patients with this pathology. Methods: We conducted a descriptive and retrospective study with data from patients with CPMs diagnosed at Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña (Lima-Peru), from January 2010 to December 2020. We described CPM clinical and imaging characteristics, type and treatment. Results: The sample was formed of 70 patients. The median age was 29 months (range 15 days-14 years) and the male/female ratio was 1.4. The chest tomography found parenchymal involvement in 50 (71.4%) cases and mixed involvement (parenchymal and vascular) in 18 (25.7%) cases. Congenital malformation of the pulmonary airway was present in 39 (55.7%) cases, followed by bronchogenic cyst in 10 (14.3%), intralobar pulmonary sequestration in 9 (12.9%), and extralobar pulmonary sequestration in 7 (10%). Lobectomy was performed in 61 (87.1%) cases, cystectomy in 5 (7.1%), segmentectomy in 2 (2.9%), and embolization in 2 (2.9%). The most frequent post-operative complication was pneumonia, found in 9 (12.9%) cases. The median hospital stay was 26 days. No patient died during hospitalization. Conclusions: In our institution, the most frequent CPM was congenital malformation of the pulmonary airway, and lobectomy was the most frequently performed surgical procedure. CPMs represent a diverse group of disorders of lung development with varied imaging patterns and clinical manifestations.

Resumen Introducción: Las malformaciones pulmonares congénitas son poco frecuentes en niños. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características clínicas, imagenológicas y tratamiento de los pacientes con esta patología. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo con datos de los pacientes con malformaciones pulmonares congénitas diagnosticados en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña (Lima-Perú) entre enero 2010 y diciembre 2020. Se describieron las características clínicas, imagenológicas, el tipo de malformación pulmonar congénita y el tratamiento. Resultados: La muestra fue de 70 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue 29 meses, la relación masculino/femenino fue 1.4. En la tomografía de tórax se encontró compromiso parenquimal en 50 (71.4%) casos, y compromiso mixto (parenquimal y vascular) en 18 (25.7%). La malformación congénita de la vía aérea pulmonar se observó en 39 (55.7%) casos, seguida del quiste broncogénico en 10 (14.3%), secuestro pulmonar intralobar en 9 (12.9%) y secuestro pulmonar extralobar en 7 (10%). La lobectomía fue realizada en 61 (87.1%) casos, la quistectomía en 5 (7.1%), segmentectomía en 2 (2.9%) y embolización en 2 (2.9%). La complicación posquirúrgica más frecuente fue la neumonía en 9 (12.9%) casos. La mediana de estancia hospitalaria fue de 26 días. Ningún paciente falleció durante la hospitalización. Conclusiones: En nuestra institución, la malformación pulmonar congénita más frecuente fue la malformación congénita de la vía aérea pulmonar, y la lobectomía el procedimiento quirúrgico más comúnmente realizado. Las malformaciones pulmonares congénitas representan un grupo diverso de trastornos del desarrollo pulmonar con variados patrones imagenológicos y manifestaciones clínicas.

Clinicopathological features of intraabdominal bronchogenic cyst: an analysis of 8 cases / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To analyze the clinicopathological features of intraabdominal bronchogenic cyst.Methods:The clinical data of 8 patients with intraabdominal bronchogenic cyst admitted in 3 Grade-A tertiary hospitals in Yunnan province between 2014 and 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical and pathological features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of intraabdominal bronchogenic cyst were reviewed.Results:There were 1 male and 7 females with an mean age of 45±12 years (21-65 years). Two patients presented with abdominal pain and 5 asymptomatic patients were found during physical examination. The cysts were located in retroperitoneum in 4 cases, located between the pancreas tail, spleen and the posterior wall of the stomach in 2 cases, located in the posterior wall of the stomach in 1 case, and located close to left adrenal gland in 1 case. Two patients had elevated tumor markers, while tumor markers in the remaining 6 cases were normal. Seven cases underwent laparoscopic complete cyst resection and 1 case had open surgical resection. The wall of most cysts were lined with respiratory epithelium and composed of goblet cells or pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. The wall of cysts was composed of fibrous connective tissue or smooth muscle bundles, and the cavity contained serous mucous glands. Two cases showed cartilage tissue and one showed the infiltration of large number of inflammatory cells. The mean follow-up time was 31±32 months (range 5-107 months), and no recurrence or metastasis was found during the follow-up.Conclusions:Abdominal bronchogenic cyst is often found in adulthood, and most cases are symptomatic and found during physical examination. The diagnosis mainly depends on pathological examination, and tumor markers are not specific for its diagnosis. Surgery is the best way for treatment.

Diagnosis and treatment of cervical bronchogenic cysts in 14 cases / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment of patients with cervical bronchogenic cyst.Methods:This study enrolled 14 cases of cervical bronchogenic cysts confirmed by surgery and pathology in our hospital from Sep 2015 to Sep 2020 to discuss clinical, imaging features and diagnosist.Results:Cysts lay in the left neck in 8 cases and in the right side in 6 cases, with the largest diameter of 5.8 cm and the smallest of 0.8 cm (3.4±1.7) cm. Cysts were closely related to the thyroid in 10 cases, adjacent to the recurrent laryngeal nerve in 2 cases. The postoperative pathology established the diagnosis of bronchogenic cyst, and no patients suffered from recurrence during the follow-up period.Conclusions:Cervical bronchogenic cyst is a rare congenital malformation of extrathoracic bronchogenic cyst. Final diagnosis is dependent upon pathology. Complete surgical resection is the key to prevent recurrence.

Diagnosis and treatment of pediatric cervical bronchogenic cyst / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment outcomes of children with cervical bronchogenic cysts. Methods:A retrospective study of 6 pediatric patients with bronchogenic cysts in the neck region treated in our hospital during 2014 to 2020 was performed. All children underwent complete resection of cervical mass under general anesthesia. Results:There were 6 children, aged from 1 to 5 years, with a median of 2.25 years. There were 3 males and 3 females. The lesions were located on the left neck in 3 cases, the midline neck in 2 cases and the right neck in 1 case. The clinical manifestations were painless mass in 5 cases and recurrent neck infection in 1 case. The size of the mass ranged from 2.1 to 7.5 cm. There was no characteristic clinical or imaging features of bronchogenic cysts. Misdiagnosed as lymphangioma in 3 cases, thyroglossal cyst in 2 cases and piriform fistula in 1 case. The follow-up ranged from 1.50 to 7.75 years, with a median of 4.13 years. All 6 children had no recurrence or complications. Conclusion:Although rare, bronchogenic cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cervical cystic masses in children. Surgery is the most effective way to treat cervical bronchogenic cyst, and histopathological examination is the gold standard for diagnosis.

Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes com diagnóstico de carcinoma broncogênico atendidos em uma unidade de alta complexidade em oncologia / Epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with bronchogenic carcinoma seen in a high complexity oncology unit

Introdução: No Brasil, o carcinoma broncogênico é o segundo tipo de câncer de maior incidência em homens e o quarto tipo de câncer de maior incidência em mulheres. É a principal causa de mortalidade por câncer no país. O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com diagnóstico de carcinoma broncogênico atendidos em uma unidade de alta complexidade em oncologia. Métodos: Estudo observacional descritivo, retrospectivo, com coleta de dados secundários e de abordagem quantitativa. A pesquisa foi aplicada em uma unidade de alta complexidade em oncologia de um hospital de uma cidade do extremo-sul catarinense, através de prontuários eletrônicos. A coleta foi composta por 90 atendimentos no período de janeiro de 2015 a dezembro de 2017. Foram inclusos na amostra todos os pacientes com tumores broncogênicos malignos com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos, e foram exclusos 14 pacientes com prontuários incompletos. Resultados: A média de idade ao diagnóstico foi 62,39 ± 10,53 anos. Houve discreto predomínio no sexo masculino (58,9%). O tabagismo foi verificado em 78,9% dos pacientes, com uma mediana de 40,0 maços/ano. Como método diagnóstico, observou-se a maior realização de biópsia percutânea orientada por TC em 58,9% dos casos. Em relação aos tipos histológicos, 54,4% apresentaram adenocarcinoma. O estágio mais prevalente foi o IVA (42,2%). Conclusão: São de extrema importância métodos de rastreamento e diagnóstico precoce da neoplasia, bem como encorajar os pacientes ao abandono do tabagismo, a fim de reduzir sua incidência e mortalidade.

Introduction: In Brazil, bronchogenic carcinoma is the second more incident type of cancer in men, and the fourth in women. It is the leading cause of cancer mortality in the country. The aim of the present study is to assess the epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with bronchogenic carcinoma seen in a high complexity oncology unit. Methods: This is a descriptive, observational, retrospective study with collection of secondary data and quantitative approach. The research was conducted in a high complexity oncology unit of a hospital in a municipality of the southernmost region of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, using electronic medical records. The sample consisted of 90 patients from January 2015 to December 2017. All patients with malignant bronchogenic tumors aged 18 years or older were included in the sample, and 14 patients with incomplete medical charts were excluded. Results: Mean age at diagnosis was 62.39 ± 10.53 years. There was a slight predominance of men (58.9%). Smoking was present in 78,9% of patients, with a median of 40.0 packets/year. CT-guided percutaneous biopsy was the most used diagnostic method, being performed in 58.9% of the cases. With regard to histological type, 54.4% of patients presented adenocarcinoma. The most prevalent stage was IVA (42.2%). Conclusion: Screening methods and early diagnosis of neoplasm are extremely important, as well as encouraging patients to quit smoking, in order to reduce disease incidence and mortality.

Papel de la interleuquina-17 en procesos inflamatorios y patologías pulmonares / Role of interleukin-17 in inflammatory processes and pulmonary pathologies

Resumen Introducción: Cuatro de las diez principales causas de muerte en el mundo corresponden a patologías pulmonares donde las infecciones respiratorias se ubican en tercer lugar y a su vez son uno de los principales motivos de consulta médica. Por otro lado, la interleuquina IL-17 parece tener un papel importante en la inmunopatogénesis de un gran número de enfermedades, pues se ha descrito que niveles elevados en sangre periférica u otros fluidos corporales se relacionan con metástasis e infecciones. Diferente a patologías cutáneas e intestinales, donde el papel de la IL-17 se conoce con mayor detalle, en procesos pulmonares su rol es aún controversial. Objetivo: Describir conocimientos actuales sobre la función de la IL-17 en procesos inflamatorios y patologías locales pulmonares. Metodología de búsqueda: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos originales y revisiones de tema en los motores de búsqueda MEDLINE y Science Direct, de los cuales 50 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Conclusiones: Se encontró que la respuesta de IL-17 parece estar relacionada con buen pronóstico en el caso de algunas neumonías bacterianas. Igualmente, el bloqueo de la vía de señalización de la IL-17 en neoplasias pulmonares podría ser beneficioso y se considera como un potencial blanco terapéutico en estas condiciones, por lo que los estudios en este tema continúan siendo fundamentales para conocer mejor el verdadero rol de esta proteína en diversas condiciones patológicas del pulmón. MÉD.UIS.2021;34(1): 55-62.

Abstract Introduction: Four out of ten major causes of death in the world are due to pulmonary pathologies where respiratory infections are in third place and in turn, are one of the main reasons for medical consultation. Interleukin (IL)-17 seems to have an important role in the immunopathogenesis of many diseases. Elevated levels of IL-17 in peripheral blood or other body fluids have been reported to be associated with metastases and infections. Likewise, the role that IL-17 has in the skin and intestinal pathology is clearly known, however; its role within pulmonary pathologies is controversial yet. Objective: To describe the current knowledge on the role of IL-17 in inflammatory processes and pulmonary pathologies. Search Methodology: A bibliographic search of original and review papers was carried out in the MEDLINE and Science Direct database, in which 50 articles matched the inclusion criteria. Conclusions: The response involving IL-17 in the lung seems to be related to a good prognosis in the case of some bacterial pneumonia. Blocking the IL-17 signaling pathway in lung cancer could be beneficial and is considered as a potential therapeutic target under these conditions, so studies on this subject must be continued to better understand the true role of this protein in every pathologic lung condition. MÉD.UIS.2021;34(1): 55-62.

Metástasis infrecuentes en el carcinoma broncogénico / Uncommon metastases in bronchogenic carcinoma

Introducción: El pulmón es el órgano con mayor localización de enfermedad y mortalidad tumoral. En el momento del diagnóstico 55 por ciento de los casos presentan metástasis a distancia lo que implica un estadio avanzado de la enfermedad. Las metástasis cutáneas y en huesos distales de neoplasias internas son infrecuentes comparadas con las producidas en otras vísceras. La invasión cutánea puede presentarse por extensión directa de estructuras subyacentes y suelen asentar en la pared torácica anterior, por implantación accidental en maniobras diagnósticas, embolización vía linfática y por vía hematógena con posibles lesiones en zonas muy distantes y cuya aparición suele ser más precoz. Histológicamente, es el cáncer de pulmón indiferenciado el que con mayor frecuencia metastiza en la piel. Objetivo: Presentar dos casos con diagnóstico de carcinoma de pulmón células no pequeñas que desarrollaron metástasis en localizaciones infrecuentes. Presentación de los casos: Se presentan dos casos con metástasis infrecuentes de un carcinoma broncogénico. El primero a nivel nasal y el segundo en los metacarpianos y zonas blandas de la mano izquierda, ambas lesiones tumorales aparecieron en el curso del tratamiento oncológico para el cáncer del pulmón. El segundo caso fue tratado como una tendinitis y flebitis. Ambos casos evolucionaron hacia las metástasis múltiples y la muerte. Conclusiones: Se presentaron dos casos con metástasis infrecuente de un carcinoma de pulmón células no pequeñas, y aunque una vez diagnosticadas el pronóstico es malo a corto plazo, se deben de tener en cuenta para evitar diagnósticos y conductas erróneas(AU)

Introduction: The lung is the organ with the greatest location of disease and tumor mortality. At the time of diagnosis, 55 percent of the cases present distant metastases, which implies an advanced stage of the disease. Cutaneous and distal bone metastases from internal neoplasms are rare compared to those produced in other viscera. Cutaneous invasion can occur by direct extension of underlying structures and usually settle in the anterior chest wall, by accidental implantation in diagnostic maneuvers, lymphatic and hematogenous embolization with possible lesions in very distant areas and whose appearance is usually earlier. Histologically, it is undifferentiated lung cancer that most frequently metastasizes to the skin. Objective: To report two cases with a diagnosis of non-small cell lung carcinoma that developed metastases in infrequent locations. Case report: Two cases are reported with rare metastases from bronchogenic carcinoma. The first at the nasal level and the second in the metacarpals and soft areas of the left hand, both tumor lesions appeared in the course of oncological treatment for lung cancer. The second case was treated as tendinitis and phlebitis. Both cases progressed to multiple metastases and death. Conclusions: There were two cases with infrequent metastases of non-small cell lung carcinoma, and although once diagnosed the prognosis is poor in the short term, they should be taken into account to avoid misdiagnosis and misconduct(AU)

A clinico-epidemiological, pathological, and molecular study of lung cancer in Northwestern India

Introduction: Lung cancer is the most common malignant disease and is the topmost cause of cancer deaths in the world across all age groups and in both sexes. It is the most common cause of cancer deaths in developed countries and is also rising at an alarming rate in the developing countries. Objective: The present study was undertaken to explore the clinicopathological and molecular profile of bronchogenic carcinoma in northwestern population of India. Materials and Methods: A total of 136 consecutive patients with histologically proven bronchogenic carcinoma, registered between May 2014 and April 2016 at a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India, were analyzed. Results: Out of a total of 136 diagnosed cases, 6% were in the third to fourth decade of life, 49% in the fifth to sixth decade, and 45% in the seventh decade and above. Seventy-one percent of patients were male. Smoking was the major risk factor in 65.40% of patients. About 33% of female patients were smokers with a significant overlap in the use of smoking objects. Twenty-one percent of patients had been initially empirically treated with antitubercular therapy. Most common symptoms at presentation were cough, dyspnea, weight loss, and chest pain. Pleural effusion, paraneoplastic phenomenon, clubbing, peripheral lymphadenopathy, and Pancoast syndrome were the major signs at presentation. Twenty-one percent of nonsmokers and 40% of smoker patients presented with ECOG Performance Status 3 or 4. Ninety-three percent of patients presented in stage III or IV. Metastases to skeleton, brain, liver, pleura, adrenals, lung, and distant lymph nodes were present in 30.8%, 16.9%, 15.4%, 15.4%, 14.7%, 13.2%, and 11.8%, respectively. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was found to be the most efficient diagnostic procedure as compared to transthoracic and thoracoscopic methods. Histologically, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and small cell carcinoma and its variants were seen in 35.30%, 44.9%, and 15.40% cases, respectively. Nearly 4.4% of patients were diagnosed as poorly differentiated carcinoma. Driver mutations (epidermal growth factor receptor or anaplastic lymphoma kinase) were detected in 48% (25 of 52 tested) of adenocarcinomas and 55.55% (5 of 9 tested) of young, nonsmoker, female squamous cell carcinoma patients. Conclusion: This study highlights that the adenocarcinoma incidence is surpassing squamous cell carcinoma in Indian lung cancer patients also, as observed in Western population. Mean age at diagnosis is about one decade earlier than in the Western population. Driver mutations are more common in India than in the West as also reported in other Asian studies

A study of radiological presentation in bronchogenic carcinoma along with prevelance of pulmonary TB in a tertiary center

Background: Lung cancer is most common cause of cancer related death in men and women world wise responsible for over 1 million death annually. Lung cancer is leading cause of cancer death in united states and worldwide. Lung cancer is the most common neoplasm contributing more frequent among males causing cancer related mortality in both sexes. Objective of this study was to radiological presentation in bronchogenic carcinoma along with   prevalence of pulmonary TB in a tertiary center.Methods: Total of 100 patients with histologically proven lung cancer, from July 2018 to June 2019 at a tertiary center Kota Rajasthan. Data of participants regarding demographics, history of smoking habit, clinical presentation, histopathological type, radiographic findings on chest radiograph, ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) scan, Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics of the collected data.Results: Most common age group of bronchogenic carcinomas was seen between 60-69 years of age (37%) with male predominance (82%).  smoking history present in about (80%) patients.  Most common radiological presentation was a mass lesion present in 91% patients (n=91) followed by unilateral hilar prominence present in 44% of patients (n=44). Other common finding includes mediastinal widening (38%), collapse (26%). pleural effusion (22%), metastasis (22%), cavitation (13%), consolidation (12%), bony erosion (11%), pneumothorax (5%), and pancost tumor (4%).  prevalence of pulmonary TB in bronchogenic carcinoma is 9% and this is due to high burden of pulmonary TB in India.Conclusions: In this study adenocarcinoma was found to be most common type of lung cancer. Smoking is most common risk factor. Pulmonary TB coexistence with bronchogenic carcinoma was more common. The local immunity is deteriorated in cancer cases.

Bronchogenic cyst presenting as content of omphalocele – A case report

Bronchogenic cyst (BC) is a very rare congenital anomaly occurring due to budding of the primitive foregut, and its common location is the posterior mediastinum. BC when diagnosed prenatally can be treated if it is encroaching on the development of lungs. BC has been reported in other locations such as cervical, thoracic, abdominal sites and also as subcutaneous lesions. Omphalocele is a congenital malformation occurring due to a central defect in the abdominal wall with herniation of the viscera. The nonentity documented here was found in a female fetus with 20 weeks of gestational age. The mother was a primigravida who had antenatal ultrasound scan rendering diagnosis of a live fetus having abdominal wall defect with omphalocele. This case is exceptionally rare as the content of omphalocele was BC having a classical wall lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium overlying band-like cartilage. The extensive search in the literature did not reveal another similar case.

Clinical analysis of 96 cases of congenital cystic lung lesions in children / 中华儿科杂志

Objective@#To summarize the diagnosis, clinical manifestations, treatment and prognosis of congenital cystic lung lesions.@*Methods@#A retrospective study described the clinical course of 96 patients (46 female and 50 male) diagnosed with congenital cystic lung lesions treated at the Tianjin Children′s Hospital from January 2010 to March 2019. The clinical findings, imaging examinations, pathological findings, treatment and follow-up were analyzed.@*Results@#Totally 96 patients (aged from 4 days to 13 years) with congenital cystic lung lesions were included in this study. Eighty-six patients (90%) were diagnosed when they had cough and fever symptoms. Forty (42%) patients exhibited congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, 30 underwent surgical excision, two were at emergency operations and one dead. There were 12 (13%) patients with pulmonary sequestration and four were surgical treated. Twelve (13%) patients with bronchogenic cyst were included and 4 were surgically treated. There were 3 (3%) patients with congenital lobar emphysema and one was surgically treated. Another patient with pneumothorax was operated in other hospital 2 months after discharge. Twenty-nine (30%) patients with unclassified congenital cystic lung lesions could not be definitively diagnosed by CT. Some of them were difficult to be distinguished from necrotizing pneumonia. Finally, 2 patients were diagnosed as necrotizing pneumonia after 6, 10 months follow-up. After operation 37 out of 39 patients recovered well.@*Conclusions@#The diagnosis of congenital pulmonary cystic disease depend on imaging and pathological examination. Most patients are diagnosed when they have respiratory tract infection. The main clinical manifestations are cough and fever. The prognosis of operative management is good.

To Evaluate the Diagnostic Yield of Transbronchial Needle Aspiration in Cases of Lung Cancers and Mediastinal Masses or Adenopathy

Background: A great deal of interest in transbronchial needlespiration (TBNA) lies in its utility as a staging tool in patientswith bronchogenic carcinoma. The aim of this study toevaluated the diagnostic yield of TBNA in cases of lungcancers and mediastinal masses or adenopathy.Materials & Methods: The study was carried out and datawere gathered in a prospective fashion and all the data werereviewed retrospectively. Samples were collected from allpatients bronchial washings (BW), brush biopsy (BB), EBB,and TBNA. All TBNA specimens were sent for cytologicevaluation without ROSE as per recommended guidelines.Results: The mean age of studied cases was 58.07 years. Thecommon radiological presentation on x-ray chest was masslesions in 76.66%, mediastinal widening 60%, consolidation26.66% and SPN 3.33% of cases. The diagnostic yield ofvarious bronchoscopic procedure were 27% by BW, 47% byBB, 60% by EBB, 87% by TBNA.Conclusion: We conclude that the overall diagnostic yield offlexible bronchoscopy procedure is increased in patients withEML or SPD by the addition of TBNA. The TBNA is a safeprocedure that should be routinely used to increase diagnosticyield in patients with EML or SPD. In cases of SPD, TBNAshould be considered the procedure of choice.

Bronchogenic cyst in an unusual location / Cisto broncogênico de localização não habitual

ABSTRACT This article reports the case of a patient with lingual bronchogenic cyst and presents a brief review of discrepancies in the nomenclature of lingual cysts. A 2-year-old male patient was admitted to the pediatric surgery outpatient clinic of a university hospital due to the presence of a 2 cm mass on the dorsal surface of the tongue. The tumor was excised and the anatomopathological report revealed a foregut cyst, bronchogenic subtype. Lingual cysts are rare, especially when compatible with bronchogenic formations. Their pathogenic process is not clear; one of the possibilities is the separation of cells from the primitive gut, before the separation between the esophagus and the trachea. The treatment usually consists of surgical excision.

RESUMEN Este artículo relata el caso de un paciente con quiste broncogénico lingual y presenta una breve revisión de las discrepancias de nomenclatura para quistes linguales. Paciente de sexo masculino, de 2 años de edad, acudió a cirugía pediátrica de un hospital universitario con una masa de 2 cm en la cara dorsal de la lengua. El tumor fue extirpado y el informe anatomopatológico reveló quiste de duplicación, subtipo broncogénico. Quistes linguales no son frecuentes, sobre todo cuando concomitantes con formaciones broncogénicas. Su patogénesis es incierta: una de las posibilidades es la separación de células del intestino primitivo antes de la separación entre esófago y tráquea. El tratamiento, en general, consiste en escisión quirúrgica.

RESUMO Este artigo relata o caso de um paciente com cisto broncogênico lingual e apresenta uma breve revisão das discrepâncias de nomenclatura para cistos linguais. Paciente do sexo masculino, 2 anos de idade, foi admitido no ambulatório de cirurgia pediátrica de um hospital universitário devido à presença de uma massa de 2 cm na face dorsal da língua. O tumor foi excisionado; o laudo anatomopatológico revelou foregut cyst, subtipo broncogênico. Cistos linguais são raros, especialmente quando compatíveis com formações broncogênicas. Seu processo de patogênese é incerto, e uma das possibilidades é a separação de células do intestino primitivo antes da separação entre esôfago e traqueia. O tratamento, comumente, consiste em excisão cirúrgica.

Spectrum of Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Introduction: The incidence of lung carcinoma has rapidlyincreased since the beginning of there 20th century and currentlyrepresents the main of cancer related mortality. Diagnosticsmethods may adequately explain frequent recognition of thepresence of neoplasm, but also a fact that histological findingshave yielded a considerably higher percentage. More recentlythe emergence of combined PET CT imaging has greatlyaided the investigation of lung carcinoma by allowing evenbetter delineation of areas with increased tracer uptake and byimproving staging and detection of metastatic disease, guidingtherapy and allowing clinical outcome to be predicted. Studyaimed to find the prevalence and associated symptoms of lungcarcinoma.Material and methods: The study included a 109 patientsand was a retrospective study. The method was to note thepresenting symptoms of bronchogenic carcinoma and tonote the site of metastasis of bronchogenic carcinoma withPET CT. To note the variant of bronchogenic carcinoma withhistologically proven.Results: There were a total of 109 patients of which 77were male and 32 were female. The presenting symptom ofbronchogenic carcinoma was cough 75% preceded by weightloss 68%, dyspnea 60%, chest pain 49%, and hemoptysis 35%,bone pain 25%, clubbing 20%, fever 20%, weakness 10%,superior vena obstruction 4%, dysphagia 2%, wheeze andstridor 2%.Out of the 109 patients the frequent presentationof bronchogenic variant is adenocarcinoma 56%, followed bysquamous cell carcinoma 34% and small cell carcinoma 15%.Conclusion: The frequent symptom of bronchogeniccarcinoma presentation was cough followed by weight lossand dyspnea. The frequent site of metastatic of bronchogeniccarcinoma is supraclavicular node followed by contralaterallung, bone metastasis. majority of bronchogenic carcinomapresentation were of adenocarcinoma followed by squamouscell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma

Quiste broncogénico gástrico: una localización singular / Gastric bronchogenic cyst: a singular presentation

Los quistes broncogénicos son formaciones quísticas originadas por una anomalía de desarrollo del eje traqueobronquial durante la embriogénesis a partir de la pared ventral del intestino anterior. Se define al quiste broncogénico como una yema pulmonar ectópica cuya localización más frecuente es en la carina, intraparenquimatoso y en el mediastino; presenta otras localizaciones atípicas y menos comunes, como las regiones cervical, supraclavicular, esofágica, retroperitoneal y cutánea. Se presenta el caso de una mujer joven que consultó al servicio de urgencias con síntomas de dolor abdominal, a quien se le practicaron múltiples pruebas y se le diagnosticó un quiste broncogénico gástrico.

Bronchogenic cysts are cystic formations originated by a tracheobronchial axis developmental anomaly during embryogenesis from the ventral wall of the anterior intestine. A bronchogenic cyst is defined as an ectopic pulmonary bud with most frequent location in the carina, intraparenchymal and mediastinal, presenting atypical and less common locations such as the cervical, supraclavicular, esophageal, retroperitoneal, and cutaneous regions. We present the case of a young woman, who consults the emergency department with abdominal pain, who is subjected to multiple tests being diagnosed as gastric bronchogenic cyst

The diagnosis and video-assisted thoracic surgery for mediastinal bronchogenic cysts / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To emphasize the important role of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in treatment of mediastinal bronchogenic cysts (MBCs). Methods    We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 112 patients (53 males and 59 females) of mediastinal bronchogenic cysts who underwent VATS in our institution between April 2001 and Aprial 2016. Median age was 4–75 (45.6±15.0) years. All patients underwent chest CT preoperatively. The patients were divided into two groups: an anterior mediastinum group, 47 patients; a middle and posterior mediastinum group, 65 patients including 35 patients in the middle mediastinum, 30 patients in the posterior mediastinum. The average diameter was 0.5–22.0 (3.50±2.33) cm. The average CT attenuation was 0–67 (35.5±15.3) Hu on unenhanced CT. We began each operation with the VATS technique. Results    The CT diagnostic accuracy for group middle and posterior mediastinum with CT value≤20 Hu was higher than others (61.5% vs. 13.1%, χ2=17.675, P<0.001). A total of 111 patients underwent VATS, only one patient converted to open thoracotomy. Cyst resection and thymectomy were conducted in 45 patients, cyst resection and extended thymectomy were conducted in 2 patients in the anterior mediastinum group. Simply cyst resection were performed in the middle and posterior mediastinum group (n=65). The average operative time was 40–360 (104.5±43.1) min. The average intraoperative blood loss was 5–600 (57.9±88.9) mL. The intraoperative complication rate was 3.6% and the incomplete resection rate was 6.3%. The main reason for these was severe adhesion between the cyst and mediastinal structure. No serious postoperative complication was found. Follow-up was done in 99 patients, and the mean follow-up time was 42 (12–191) months. There was no local recurrence. Conclusion    VATS resection of MBCs is a safe and efficacious procedure, and minimally invasive and  surgical resection should be performed as early as possible for MBCs.

Ion mobility spectrometry: the diagnostic tool of third millennium medicine

SUMMARY Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a fast, low cost, portable, and sensitive technique that separates ions in a drift tube under the influence of an electric field according to their size and shape. IMS represents a non-invasive and reliable instrumental alternative for the diagnosis of different diseases through the analysis of volatile metabolites in biological samples. IMS has applications in medicine in the study of volatile compounds for the non-invasive diagnose of bronchial carcinoma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and other diseases analysing breath, urine, blood, faeces, and other biological samples. This technique has been used to study complex mixtures such as proteomes, metabolomes, complete organisms like bacteria and viruses, monitor anaesthetic agents, determine drugs, pharmaceuticals, and volatile compounds in human body fluids, and others. Pharmaceutical applications include analysis of over-the-counter-drugs, quality assessment, and cleaning verification. Medical practice needs non-invasive, robust, secure, fast, real-time, and low-cost methods with high sensitivity and compact size instruments to diagnose different diseases and IMS is the diagnostic tool that meets all these requirements of the Medicine of the future.

RESUMO A espectrometria de mobilidade iônica (IMS) é uma técnica rápida, de baixo custo, portátil e sensível que separa íons em um tubo de deriva sob a influência de um campo elétrico de acordo com seu tamanho e forma. A IMS representa uma alternativa instrumental não invasiva e confiável para o diagnóstico de diferentes doenças por meio da análise de metabólitos voláteis em amostras biológicas. A IMS possui aplicações em medicina no estudo de compostos voláteis para o diagnóstico não invasivo de carcinoma brônquico, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e outras doenças que analisam respiração, urina, sangue, fezes e outras amostras biológicas. A IMS tem sido usada para estudar misturas complexas, como proteomas, metabólitos, organismos completos como bactérias e vírus, monitorar agentes anestésicos, determinar drogas, produtos farmacêuticos e compostos voláteis em fluidos corporais e outros fluidos. As aplicações farmacêuticas incluem análises de medicamentos sem receita, avaliação de qualidade e verificação de limpeza. A prática médica precisa de métodos não invasivos, robustos, seguros, rápidos, em tempo real e de baixo custo com instrumentos de alta sensibilidade e tamanho compacto para diagnosticar diferentes doenças e a IMS é a ferramenta de diagnóstico que atende a todos esses requisitos da medicina do futuro.

Panhipopituitarismo secundario a metástasis del sistema nervioso central por un adenocarcinoma broncogénico / Panhypopituitarism secondary to metastasis of the central nervous system due to a bronchogenic adenocarcinoma

Resumen Mujer de 45 años de edad con antecedente de extabaquismo pesado, cursó con cuadro crónico de cefalea en región occipital irradiado a región temporal asociado a disminución de la agudeza visual de ojo izquierdo. El cuadro empeoró en los últimos seis meses y se asoció a polidipsia y poliuria. Presentó cuadro sincopal con amnesia retrógrada, para lo cual se realizó una tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) contrastada de cráneo que mostró múltiples lesiones parenquimatosas cerebrales y del cerebelo compatibles con metástasis. Se hizo estudio hormonal para evaluar la función hipofisiaria evidenciando un panhipopituitarismo secundario. Se detectó foco primario neoplásico mediante TAC contrastada de tórax, evidenciando una lesión espiculada en el lóbulo superior derecho sugestiva de carcinoma broncogénico, posteriormente se tomó biopsia por fibrobroncoscopia el cual confirmó por histopatología e inmunohistoquímica el diagnóstico de un adenocarcinoma broncogénico. (Acta Med Colomb 2018; 43: 115-118).

Abstract A 45-year-old woman with a history of heavy extabaquism presented with chronic headache in the occipital region irradiated to the temporal region associated with decreased visual acuity of the left eye. The picture worsened in the last six months and was associated with polydipsia and polyuria. She presented a syncopal picture with retrograde amnesia, for which a contrast computed tomography (CT) of the skull was performed, which showed multiple parenchymal brain and cerebellar lesions compatible with metastasis. Hormonal study was done to evaluate the hypophyseal function evidencing a secondary panhypopituitarism. A primary neoplastic focus was detected by a contrast chest CT scan, showing a spiculated lesion in the right upper lobe suggestive of bronchogenic carcinoma. A biopsy was subsequently taken by fibrobronchoscopy, which confirmed the diagnosis of a bronchogenic adenocarcinoma by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. (Acta Med Colomb 2018; 43: 115-118).

Delayed Bleeding of Coronary Artery after Thoracoscopic Intradiaphragmatic Bronchogenic Cyst Resection / 中国肺癌杂志

Bronchogenic cyst occurring in the diaphragm is rare and thoracoscopic cyst resection is mainly effective treatment. The coronary artery bleeding after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has never been described; here we report a case of left coronary artery injury after thoracoscopic itradiaphragmatic bronchogenic cyst resection, which may be caused by metallic troca or chest tube.

Importancia del cepillado bronquial a ciegas en lesiones tumorales periféricas no visibles endoscópicamente / Importance of blind bronchial brushing in peripheral endoscopically non visible lesions

Introducción: el diagnóstico rápido de las enfermedades neoplásicas pulmonares, primarias o metastásica, tiene una influencia importante sobre el resultado del tratamiento y el pronóstico de este grupo de enfermedades con alta letalidad. En el diagnóstico de estas se usan varias técnicas, entre ellas el cepillado bronquial para estudio citológico con el cual se alcanza un gran rendimiento diagnóstico en las lesiones visibles endoscópicamente y que también es de gran utilidad en los tumores periféricos diagnosticados en un porciento significativo y con el mínimo de complicaciones. Objetivo: evaluar los resultados del cepillado bronquial a ciegas en lesiones pulmonares periféricas de posible etiología tumoral. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal retrospectivo, en pacientes a los que se les realizó cepillado bronquial a ciegas en lesiones pulmonares periféricas sugestivas de ser tumorales en el servicio de neumología del Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras, en un periodo de 10 años. Se tomaron en cuenta variables como: la localización de la lesión, cepillado útil para diagnóstico, positivo y negativo, tamaño de la lesión y los diagnósticos definitivos. Resultados: se realizó cepillado a ciegas a 517 pacientes, fue útil para diagnóstico en 491 (95 por ciento), en 289 (56 por ciento) se obtuvo resultado positivo. Conclusiones: el cepillado a ciegas en lesiones pulmonares periféricas tumorales es una técnica que mejora considerablemente el rendimiento diagnóstico del carcinoma broncógeno con un número bajo de complicaciones(AU)

Introduction: The rapid diagnosis of pulmonary, primary or metastatic neoplastic diseases has significant influence on the outcome of treatment and the prognosis of this group of high lethal diseases. In their diagnosis, several techniques are used, among them the bronchial brushing for cytological study which achieves great diagnostic performance in endoscopically visible lesions and it is also very useful in the peripheral tumors diagnosed in a significant percentage and with minimum complications. Objective: To evaluate the results of blind bronchial brushing in peripheral lung lesions of possible tumor etiology. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study in patients who underwent blind bronchial brushing in peripheral pulmonary lesions suggestive of tumor was conducted in the Pneumology Department at Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital, over a period of 10 years. The variables taken into account were location of the lesion, brushing useful for diagnosis, positive and negative results, size of the lesion, and the definitive diagnoses. Results: Blind brushing was performed on 517 patients, it was useful for diagnosis in 491 (95 percent), a positive result was obtained in 289 (56 percent). Conclusions: Blind brushing technique in peripheral lung lesions considerably improves the diagnostic performance of bronchogenic carcinoma with low number of complications(AU)