El hermano del niño con cáncer merece ser visible: Scoping Review / The Brother of the Child with Cancer Deserves to be Visible: Scoping Review / O irmão da criança com câncer merece ser visível: Scoping Review

Resumen: El hermano sano en situaciones de cáncer infantil es con frecuencia un sujeto invisible para su familia, los profesionales de la salud y las instituciones. El objetivo de este trabajo fue mapear e integrar la literatura científica acerca de la experiencia del hermano del niño diagnosticado con cáncer. Se desarrolló una Scoping Review de 28 artículos publicados entre 2016 y 2020, en los idiomas español, inglés y portugués. Se incluyeron 12 estudios cualitativos, 15 cuantitativos y un estudio mixto. Frente a los hallazgos, se identificó que hay cambios en las relaciones entre hermanos, parentales y sociales, además de cambios personales y una oferta limitada de apoyo a los hermanos del niño con cáncer. Se concluye que el cáncer infantil afecta directamente a los miembros de la familia, incluido al hermano sano, quien enfrenta cambios drásticos en su vida que implican nuevas necesidades, sentimientos y conductas de riesgo. Se requiere una mayor investigación y abordaje acerca del impacto del cáncer infantil en hermanos sanos, así como el diseño de intervenciones que pongan de manifiesto la necesidad de hacer visible a este sujeto que sufre el daño colateral del cáncer infantil y que ha sido descuidado por su familia y por los profesionales en salud.

Abstract: The healthy brother in situations of childhood cancer is often an invisible individual for his family, for health professionals and institutions. The objective of this work was to map and integrate the scientific literature about the experience of the sibling of a child diagnosed with cancer. A Scoping Review of 28 articles published between 2016 and 2020, in Spanish, English and Portuguese, was developed. Twelve qualitative studies, 15 quantitative and one mixed study were included. Faced with the findings, it was identified that there are changes in the relationships between siblings, parental and social, in addition to personal changes and a limited offer of support to the siblings of the child with cancer. The conclusion drawn is that childhood cancer directly affects family members, including the healthy brother, who faces drastic changes in his life that imply new needs, feelings and risk behaviors. More research and a broader approach to the impact of childhood cancer on healthy siblings is required, as well as the design of interventions that highlight the need to make visible this individual who suffers the collateral damage of childhood cancer and who has been neglected by his family and health professionals.

Resumo: O irmão saudável em situação de câncer infantil é muitas vezes um sujeito invisível para sua família, profissionais de saúde e instituições. O objetivo deste trabalho foi mapear e integrar a literatura científica sobre a vivência do irmão de uma criança diagnosticada com câncer. Foi desenvolvida uma Scoping Review de 28 artigos publicados entre 2016 e 2020, em espanhol, inglês e português. Doze estudos qualitativos, 15 quantitativos e um misto foram incluídos. Diante dos achados, identificou-se que há mudanças nas relações entre irmãos, parentais e sociais, além de mudanças pessoais e uma oferta limitada de apoio aos irmãos da criança com câncer. Conclui-se que o câncer infantil atinge diretamente os familiares, incluindo o irmão sadio, que enfrenta mudanças drásticas em sua vida que implicam novas necessidades, sentimentos e comportamentos de risco. São necessárias mais pesquisas e abordagem sobre o impacto do câncer infantil em irmãos saudáveis, bem como o desenho de intervenções que evidenciem a necessidade de visibilizar esse sujeito que sofre os danos colaterais do câncer infantil e que tem sido negligenciado por sua família e profissionais de saúde.

Ciúme, o inferno do amante ferido: Bruno, Otelo, Dimítri / Jealousy, the injured love's hell: Bruno, Othello, Dmitry / Celos, el infierno del amante herido: Bruno, Otelo, Dimitri / Jalousie, l'enfer de l'amant blessé: Bruno, Othello, Dimitri

Neste trabalho focalizo um componente do amor, o sentimento do ciúme, que é uma experiência de contato com o mundo que se constitui muito cedo na vida e na história do indivíduo. Para tanto, uso cenas da análise de um menino de 8 anos, Bruno, e discuto alguns aspectos dos personagens Otelo, de Shakespeare, e Dimítri de Os irmãos Karamázov, de Dostoiévski. O material clínico, assim como os exemplos extraídos da literatura são apresentados com o intuito de ilustrar e refletir a respeito de algumas das nuanças desse sentimento perturbador. Ao fim, apresento breve associação com o complexo de Édipo.

In this work I focus on a component of love, the feeling of jealousy, which the individual experiences very early in life when coming in contact with the external world. For this, I make use of analysis sessions with an 8-year-old boy and discuss aspects of the characters Othello in Shakespeare's play and Dmitry from Dostoyevsky's The brothers Karamazov. The clinical material, together with the examples extracted from the literature, is presented in order to illustrate and reflect on some nuances of this disturbing feeling. To conclude, I establish a brief association with the Oedipus' complex.

En este trabajo me centro en un componente del amor, el sentimiento de los celos, que es una experiencia de contacto con el mundo que se forma muy temprano en la vida e historia del individuo. Para ello, utilizo material de análisis de un niño de 8 años, y analizo algunos aspectos de los personajes Otelo, de Shakespeare, y Dimitri de Los hermanos Karamazov, de Dostoievski. El material clínico, así como los ejemplos extraídos de la literatura se presentan con el objetivo de ilustrar y reflexionar sobre algunos matices de este inquietante sentimiento. Para concluir, establezco una breve asociación con el complejo de Edipo.

Dans ce travail, je me concentre sur une composante de l'amour, le sentiment de jalousie, qui est une expérience de contact avec le monde qui se forme très tôt dans la vie et l'histoire de l'individu. À cette fin, j'utilise des scènes de l'analyse d'un garçon de huit ans, Bruno, et je discute quelques aspects des personnages d'Othello, de Shakespeare, et Dimitri des Frères Karamazov, de Dostoïevski. Le matériel clinique ainsi que les exemples extraits de la littérature sont présentés afin d'illustrer et de réfléchir sur certaines nuances de ce sentiment dérangeant. Pour conclure, j'établis une brève association avec le complexe d'Œdipe.

Relación entre el índice de masa corporal, sexo y número de hermanos en escolares / Relationship between body mass index, sex and number of siblings in schoolchildren

La sobrecarga ponderal infantil ha alcanzado niveles mundiales que suponen una preocupación social. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre el índice de masa corporal, el sexo y el número de hermanos en adolescentes. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo con una muestra de 310 escolares de Castilla la Mancha (164 varones (52,9 %) y 146 mujeres (47,1 %) (M±DE; 10,87 ± 0,54 años). El estado de peso se calculó mediante el IMC (peso (kg)/talla (cm) 2) y el número de hermanos a través de un cuestionario. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas a favor de los varones en un mayor peso (p< 0,041) y sobrepeso (p< 0,001). Sin embargo, las mujeres obtienen un mayor promedio en normopeso (p< 0,001). A su vez, existen diferencias a favor de los escolares en normopeso que poseen un solo hermano; tanto en mujeres como en el total de la muestra (p<0,005). Sin embargo, se encontraron diferencias significativas a favor del estado de peso en sobrecarga ponderal en aquellos que poseen dos o más hermanos; tanto en varones como para el total de la muestra (p<0,001). Como análisis complementario, la prueba ANOVA reflejó que los escolares con un solo hermano poseen un estado de peso más saludable (normopeso vs. sobrecarga ponderal) respecto a los escolares que poseen dos o más hermanos (p< 0,039). Conclusiones: el número de hermanos puede ser un elemento diferenciador en el estado de peso en adolescentes(AU)

Childhood weight overload has reached global levels that represent a social concern. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between body mass index, sex and the number of siblings in adolescents. Methods: Descriptive study with a sample of 310 schoolchildren from Castilla la Mancha (164 males (52.9%) and 146 females (47.1%) (M ± DE, 10.87 ± 0.54 years) The weight status was calculated by means of the BMI (weight (kg)/height (cm)2) and the number of siblings was found through a questionnaire. Results: Significant differences have been found in favor of males in greater weight (p <0.041) and overweight (p <0.001). However, women obtain a greater average in normal weight (p <0.001). In turn, there are differences in favor of schoolchildren in normal weight who have only one sibling, both in women and in the total sample (p <0.005). However, significant differences have been found in favor of weight status in weight overload in those who have two or more siblings, both in men and for the total sample (p <0.001). As a complementary analysis, the ANOVA test showed that schoolchildren with only one sibling have a healthier weight status (normal weight vs. overweight) compared to schoolchildren who have two or more siblings (p <0.039). Conclusions: the number of siblings can be a differentiating factor in the state of weight in adolescents(AU)

Knowledge Transmission of Medical Prescription (醫方) and the Role of the Literati Officials from the Song Dynasty: Focusing on Huadupainongneibusan (化毒排膿內補散) / 의사학

This paper attempts to examine the spread of medical prescription knowledge during the Song dynasty and the role played by the literati officials through a reconstruction of the transmission of Painongneibusan (排膿內補散), a prescription to treat abscesses. An examination of the origins of Painongneibusan shows that after being confirmed in the Qianjinyaofang (千金要方), it was passed down through Waitaimiyao (外臺秘要), Taipingshenghuifang (太平聖惠方), Shengjizonglu (聖濟總錄), and Taipinghuiminhejijufang (太平惠民和劑局方). In particular, in the records from Taipinghuiminhejijufang, which was revised and enlarged during the Shaoxing period (1131–1162) unlike transmissions that were almost identical to those from previous periods, we can find a clear increase in the knowledge regarding medicinal effects, medicinal ingredients, administration methods, precautions and so on. However, if we examine the same prescription record included in Hongshijiyanfang(洪氏集驗方) published by Hong Jun in 1170, we can see that the contents are almost exactly the same as those in Taipinghuiminhejijufang and that Hongshijiyanfang had even more content. Through this study, we can deduce that the prescription recorded in these two books were from the same original text. In addition, we can conclude that the original text is likely to be sourced from the knowledge of folk medicine. According to the records, Hu Quan received this prescription from an “outsider,” and Hu Quan gave this to Hong Kuo, who wrote an introduction and published it as a stone carving in Huizhou. After this, knowledge about this prescription became known far and wide. While Chen Yan criticized the abuse of this prescription, Hong Jun still included it in Hongshijiyanfang, and Hong Mai included it in Yijianzhi (夷堅志), leading to it becoming even more widespread. Due to this spread of the prescription, the transmission of the description that is connected from “Outsider – Ho Quan – Three Hong Brothers” continued to appear in many medical anthologies by literati officials. Whenever this prescription was mentioned, they referred to Three Hong Brothers, and it went as far as to cause the practice to sometimes be called “Hongshineibusan (洪氏內補散).” Chen Ziming continued the criticism of Chen Yan in Waikejingyao (外科精要); while the prescription made famous by Hong Kuo had the same contents as prescription in Taipinghuiminhejijufang, the fact that criticism was only directed at Hong Kuo is a proof of his influence in the spread of related knowledge. In conclusion, this happened during an active time of accumulation, exchange, and competition in the knowledge of prescription, as can be observed in various sources from the Song Period. There were various communications and exchanges between officials, locals, and literati officials, and tensions could also sometimes be found. We can say that the role of the literati officials was to collect, record, publish, and spread the knowledge of medicine taken from various sources. In addition, in relation to the spread of the knowledge of medicine, the influence of the literati officials exceeded Taipinghuiminhejijufang, which was the official text at that time.

Clinical features of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes syndrome in twin brothers / 临床儿科杂志

Objective To explore the clinical features of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy lactic acidosis and strokelike episodes (MELAS) syndrome in fratemal twins brothers.Methods The clinical data,the results of laboratory examinations,electroencephalogram (EEG),imaging,and gene detection,and the process of diagnosis and treatment were retrospectively analyzed the fraternal twin brothers with MELAS syndrome.Results The proband,a 7-year-old male,had intermittent headaches,vomit and twitching at onset.He suffered from exercise intolerance,fatigue,accompanied by short stature and hairy.The fasting blood lactic acid level was increased.Multiple video EEG showed the slowdown of background activity.Head MRI showed recurrent lesions with the characteristics of migration and variation.The point mutation rate of mtDNA A3243G was 34.7％.The diagnosis of MELAS was confirmed.At the same time,his fraternal twin brother was screened and found that his point mutation rate of A3243G was 30.0％.Although there was no clinical symptom at that time,he was onset with convulsion after 3 years.Conclusions Gene detection and family screening are helpful for the early diagnosis of MELAS.The mutation rate of A3243G is very high,which can cause an early onset and serious clinical symptoms.

Recalcamento e filogênese: sobre a saga do Conde Drácula / Repression and phylogenesis: on Count Dracula’s tale

Neste trabalho, o autor, baseado em várias hipóteses oriundas de Freud sobre o recalcamento, conjugando tais hipóteses a outras advindas de diversas ciências (antropologia, filosofia, mitologia), procura examinar um fragmento do recalcado oriundo da filogênese, onde se manifesta do seu ponto de vista, uma compulsão à repetição com prevalência da pulsão de morte. Relaciona, então, tais sugestões com a saga do Conde Drácula. Seria esta a rememoração do Pai Primordial e seu assassinato pela horda dos irmãos?

In this paper the author, based on many Freudian hypothesis on repression, pairing such hypothesis to others originated from many sciences (Anthropology, Philosophy, Mythology), intends to examine a fragment of the repressed, originated from phylogenesis where, from the author’s point of view, repetition compulsion with prevalence of the death instinct is manifested. He then correlates such suggestions with Count Dracula’s tale. Would that be the recalling of the primary father and his assassination by the brothers horde?

En este trabajo, el autor, con base en varias hipótesis oriundas de Freud sobre el recalcamiento, conjugándolas con otras originadas de varias ciencias (antropología, filosofía, mitología), busca examinar un fragmento de lo recalcado oriundo de la filogénesis, donde se manifiesta desde su punto de vista, una compulsión a la repetición con prevalencia de la pulsión de muerte. Relaciona, entonces, esas sugerencias a la saga del Conde Drácula. ¿Sería esta la rememoración del Padre Primordial y su asesinato por la horda de los hermanos?

O extermínio e a liquidação da tragédia: a respeito de Kertész e da língua atonal / The extermination and the liquidation of tragedy. In reference to Kertész and to atonal language

Partindo da invenção da narrativa heróica – tal como Freud a concebe em Psicologia de grupo e a análise do Eu – e passando pela função da tragédia na constituição do espaço político – tal como Jean-Pierre Vernant a elabora –, Laurence Kahn tenta abordar aquilo que lhe parece ser uma das problemáticas da obra de Imre Kertész, apoiando-se igualmente nos textos de Hannah Arendt. Recusando qualquer comiseração para com o extermínio e seu caráter irrepresentável, Kertész tenta encontrar uma língua para significar a liquidação da tragédia e fazer uma pergunta: o que é ser inocente?

Starting from the invention of the heroic narrative – such as it is conceived by Freud in Group psychology and the analysis of Me – and passed through by the tragedy function in the constitution of the political space – such as Jean-Pierre Vermant elaborates it – Laurence Khan tries to address what she thinks it could be one of the issues of the work of Imre Kertesz, equally relying on Hannah Arendt’s texts. Refusing any commiseration with extermination and its unrepresentative character, Kertesz tries to find a language to give meaning to liquidation of tragedy and to make a question: what is to be innocent?

Partiendo de la invención de la narrativa heroica – tal como la concibe Freud en Psicología de grupo y el análisis del Yo – y pasando por la función de la tragedia en la constitución del espacio político – tal como la elabora Jean-Pierre Vernant –, Laurence Kahn trata de enfocar aquello que le parece ser una de las problemáticas de la obra de Imre Kertész, apoyándose igualmente en los textos de Hannah Arendt. Rechazando cualquier conmiseración para con el exterminio y su carácter irrepresentable, Kertész busca encontrar una lengua para significar la liquidación de la tragedia y hacer una pregunta: ¿qué es ser inocente?

Ei, eu também estou aqui: aspectos psicológicos da percepção de irmãos frente à presença de uma criança com paralisia cerebral no núcleo familiar / Hey, I´m here too: the psychological aspects from the point of view of the siblings of a child with cerebral palsy in the family nucleus

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar o impacto do nascimento de uma criança com paralisia cerebral no núcleo familiar e a percepção dos irmãos frente à situação. Parte-se do pressuposto de que o irmão da criança com deficiência é bastante afetado com o nascimento desta e, frequentemente, pouco assistido. Utilizou-se entrevista semi-estruturada com pais e irmãos primogênitos de crianças especiais, tendo como parâmetro um grupo-controle com os mesmos critérios, sendo que neste a deficiência não estava presente. Foi observado prejuízo na relação pais-primogênitos, bem como precoce amadurecimento destes últimos, ocasionado pela necessidade de adaptação. Por fim, ressalta-se a importância de maior atenção ao irmão da criança especial.

This article analyses the impact of the birth of a child with cerebral palsy in the family, and the viewpoint of the siblings concerning this situation. The assumption is that the sibling of a child with a disability is significantly impacted, but that this is rarely recognized. Parents and older siblings of the special needs child were interviewed, having as a parameter a control group that observes the same criteria, but without a disabled child. There was found to be damage in the parent-firstborn relationship and a tendency for the older child to grow up more quickly, caused by her need to adapt. We would stress the need to pay greater attention to the siblings of special needs children.

A visão que o irmão mais velho de uma criança diagnosticada com síndrome de Down possui da dinâmica da sua família / On the perception the older brother of a child diagnosed with Down syndrome has of his family dynamics

Esta pesquisa visa compreender a visão que o irmão mais velho de uma criança com SD possui da sua dinâmica familiar e conhecer como é a relação entre irmãos, sendo um deles com SD. Participaram do estudo cinco famílias compostas por mãe, pai, filho mais velho e filho mais novo com SD. Foram realizadas entrevistas com a mãe e com o irmão mais velho e observação da interação entre os irmãos. A análise dos dados baseou-se na perspectiva Fenomenológica. Condizente com os achados da literatura existem aspectos da dinâmica familiar que podem ser relacionados à SD e outros não relacionados. Aspectos positivos por ter um irmão com SD foram encontrados. A necessidade de estudos focalizando a vertente paterna da dinâmica familiar e da realização de trabalhos voltados aos irmãos de pessoas com necessidades especiais é apresentada

This research aims at to understand the vision that the older brother of a child diagnosed with Down syndrome (DS) has of his family dynamics and to know as it is the relation between brothers, being one of them with DS. Five families composed for mother, father, older son and new son with DS had participated of the study. Interviews with the mother and the older brother and observation of the interaction between the brothers had been done. The analysis of the data was based on the phenomenological perspective. According with the literature exists aspects of the family dynamics that can be related to the DS and other unrelated ones. Positive aspects for having a brother with DS had been found. The necessity of studies prioritizing the paternal source of the family dynamics and the accomplishment of works directed to the brothers of special persons is presented

Cause and Treatment of Speech Stunting in Twin Brothers / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To report three-year-old twin brothers with speech stunting.Methods The clinical program of twin brothers with speech stunting were reported.Results The development quotient of Neuropsychological Developing Table of 0 to 6 Years-Old Nurselings was 59 for elder brother,and 57 for the younger.PET showed hypogenesis in the frontal lobe.Their linguistic rating showed both speech stunting,and the brain-audition evoked potential and the autistic evaluation(ABC and CARs)were normal.Conclusion The etiology of twin brothers' speech developing disorders is related with heredity,brain development,and speech environment,but the exact cause is being further studied.

Clinical,imaging and pathological characteristics of twin brothers with adrenoleukodystrophy / 临床神经病学杂志

Objective To explore clinic,imageology and pathological characteristics of twin brothers with adrenoleukodystrophy(ADL).Methods Clinical data of twin brothers with ALD and pathological data of one case were analyzed retrospectively.Results Clinical manitestation of elder brother was cerebral ADL,T1-weighted of MRI with low intensity lesion and T2-weighted with high intensity lesion were shown widely in the parietooccipital and postero-corpus callosum white matter.The pathological changes were myelinopothy diffused in the parietooccipital white matter,but U fibber was maintained in the subcortex.Clinical manitestation of the young brother was shown spinal damage.His cerebral MRI was normal.Spinal MRI had shown spinal cord thinning,line-like equal signal was found in the periphery of the lesion.He might be juvenile adrenomyeloneuropathy.Conclusions Although the twin brothers are both suffer from adrenoleukodystrophy,their clinical manifestation,MRI and pathological changes are different.