Composición y distribución de hepáticas (Marchantiophyta) en un intervalo altitudinal en la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia / Composition and distribution of liverworts (Marchantiophyta) in a continuous altitudinal range on the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia

Resumen La composición de especies de hepáticas sobre los Andes del Norte varía con la altitud en relación con diferentes factores bióticos (vegetación) y abióticos (temperatura, humedad y luminosidad). Para probar esta afirmación se determinó la diversidad y distribución de las Marchantiophytas en un rango altitudinal entre los 2 400 y 3 400 m sobre la Cordillera Oriental colombiana, estableciendo cómo éstas varían entre altitudes y zonas de vida con respecto a los factores abióticos. Se realizaron muestreos cada 200 m y se registraron datos ambientales durante un año. Se encontraron 162 especies, la composición de hepáticas varió a lo largo del gradiente altitudinal con un gran número de especies únicas en cada altitud. Se encontró la máxima diversidad en los 3 000 m, con una dominancia del hábito folioso y de especies epifitas, mientras que la mayor riqueza de familias y géneros se presentó entre los 3 200 y 3 400 m. Anoplolejeunea conferta presentó la mayor cobertura en la zona así como el mayor valor del índice de valor de importancia (IVI) y distribución altitudinal más amplia, ubicándose desde los 2 400 hasta 3 000 m en cuatro diferentes sustratos. Las hepáticas se distribuyeron altitudinalmente de manera diferencial, con una diversidad beta alta (0.864) debido al recambio altitudinal de especies, con más del 30 % de disimilaría en la composición de especies cada 200 m altitudinales, dependiendo principalmente de cambios en la luminosidad. Consecuentemente, la temperatura, humedad y luminosidad y su relación con la vegetación son determinantes en la diversidad y distribución de las hepáticas en la Cordillera Oriental de los Andes colombianos.

Abstract The species composition of liverworts varies with altitude in the Northern part of the Andes due to the relationship of biotic (vegetation) and abiotic factors (temperature, humidity, and sunlight brightness). In order to test this affirmation we determined the diversity, species composition, abundance, and distribution of species of Marchantiophyta in an altitudinal range from 2 400 to 3 400 m on the Colombian Cordillera Oriental, and established how these vary with altitude and life-zones, regarding abiotic factors. Samples, taken every 200 m in the altitudinal range, and environmental data were registered during a year. We found 162 species, the composition of liverworts varied throughout the altitudinal gradient with a high number of unique species in each altitude. The maximum diversity was found at 3 000 m, along with a dominance of leafy habit and epiphytic species, while the higher richness of families and genera was found between 3 200 and 3 400 m. Anoplolejeunea conferta had the largest value of coverage in the zone, the highest value of importance value index (IVI), and the widest altitudinal distribution, from 2 400 to 3 000 m in four different substrates. The liverworts were distributed differently with altitude, we found a high beta diversity (0.864) due to the replacement of species, with more that 30 % of dissimilarity in species composition every 200 altitudinal meters, mainly depending on sunlight brightness variation. Accordingly, we found that abiotic factors like temperature, humidity, and sunlight brightness and its relationship vegetation are determinant in the diversity and altitudinal distribution of liverworts in the study area. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 559-570. Epub 2018 June 01.

Riqueza y distribución de musgos en un bosque subandino en Bolívar-Santander, Colombia / Richness and distribution of mosses in a sub-Andean forest in Bolívar- Santander, Colombia

Resumen La brioflora colombiana es considerada una de las más diversas y de amplia distribución en zonas de vida andina y paramuna, debido a la variedad de ambientes, cumple una función como amortiguadora de erosión, regulación de la humedad que incide en el ambiente y en la conservación del hábitat. Este trabajo se realizó en un bosque subadino de 100 ha, del municipio de Bolívar (Santander, Colombia), mediante nueve transectos lineales de 100 x 4 m y se realizaron levantamientos de plantas no vasculares en todos los sustratos encontrados (suelo, rocas, raíces aflorantes, troncos de árboles, materia orgánica en descomposición y tubo de agua -drenajes-). Se registraron 129 ejemplares, pertenecientes a 72 especies en 48 géneros y 21 familias, que corresponden al 7.78 % de especies en el país y representan el 11.16 % de los registros actuales para el departamento de Santander. Las familias con mayor número de especies fueron: Pilotricaceae (15), Neckera ceae y Fissidentaceae con siete cada una, y Brachythe ciaceae, Leucobryaceae y Thuidiaceae con cinco especies cada una. Los géneros más ricos son: Lepidopilum (7), Fissidens (7) y Syrrhopodon (4). Treinta y cuatro géneros tienen solo una especie. La mayoría de especies de musgos se encontraron sobre corteza de árboles (20), seguido de las rocas (17) y en suelo (9). Con respecto a las formas de vida, las más abundantes fueron: los cojines (24 especies), ces pitosas (23), dendroides (8), reptantes (4) y péndulas (3). A partir de un análisis DCA se observó una mayor riqueza de especies en los transectos ubicados al interior del bosque. Adicionalmente, se encontraron 36 nuevos registros para Santander y uno para Colombia (Homaliodendron pini forme (Brid.) Enroth). Estos resultados muestran que los bosques subandinos colombianos pueden ser el hábitat de una riqueza considerable de especies de musgos, y que es necesario ampliar los inventarios de briófitos en regiones puntuales colombianas como es el caso de estos pequeños remanentes de bosque.

Abstract The Colombian bryoflora is considered one of the most diverse and widely distributed in the Andean mountains and the paramo areas, due to the variety of environments; it works like an erosion buffer zone and a humidity regulation that supports the environment and habitat conservation. This work was developed in a 100 ha Andean forest area, using nine linear transects of 100 x 4 m in the municipality of Bolívar (Santander, Colombia), and non-vascular plants were sampled in all substrates (soil, rocks, outcrops, organic matter and water tube-drainage). We recorded a total of 129 samples that belong to 72 species, 48 genera and 21 families, which represent the 7.78 % of the species in the country, and the 11.16 % of the current records in the department of Santander. Families with the highest number of species were Pilotricaceae (15), Neckeraceae and Fissidentaceae with seven species each one, and Brachytheciaceae, Leucobryaceae and Thuidiaceae with five species each one. The richness genera are Lepidopilum (7), Fissidens (7) and Syrrhopodon (4); a total of 34 genera with just one species. Most of the moss species were found on the bark trees (20), followed by rocks (17) and soil (9) substrates. Concerning to life forms, the most abundant were, cushions (24 especies), turfs (23), dendroid (8), creeping (4) and pendulous (3). Using a DCA analysis we observed a greater richness in transects located inside the forest. Moreover, we found 36 new records for Santander and one for the country (Homaliodendron piniforme (Brid.) Enroth). These results showed that the Colombian sub-Andean forest may be the habitat of a considerable richness of mosses species, and that is necessary to expand inventories of bryophytes in some Colombian regions.

Maria Bandeira: uma botânica pioneira no Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro / Maria Bandeira: a pioneering botanist at the Botanic Garden of Rio de Janeiro

Resumo Busca-se trazer à luz a trajetória de Maria Bandeira, primeira botânica do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, que atuou na década de 1920, desconhecida na historiografia e pouco citada na literatura científica. O significativo número de espécimes de plantas, fungos e líquens por ela coletados, a expertise em alcançar locais de difícil acesso, a extensa correspondência com especialistas estrangeiros e sua ida para estudar na Sorbonne permitem analisar o “fazer botânica” e as redes de sociabilidades nas ciências à época. A interrupção da sua trajetória científica para ingresso na ordem das Carmelitas Descalças com clausura total possibilita interpretações diversas e explica, em parte, a causa do esquecimento de sua passagem pela botânica brasileira.

Abstract This article sheds light on Maria Bandeira, the first female botanist to work at the Botanic Garden of Rio de Janeiro. She was active in the 1920s, but is absent from the historiography and little cited in the scientific literature. The significant number of plant, fungus, and lichen specimens she collected, her capacity to reach far-flung places, her extensive correspondence with foreign experts, and her studies at Sorbonne are all sources for the analysis of the way botany was practiced and the social networks at play in science at the time. The end of her scientific career, when she adopted a cloistered life with the Barefoot Carmelite nuns, can be interpreted variously, and partially explains why her contributions to Brazilian botany have been forgotten.

Soluble carbohydrate content variation in Sanionia uncinata and Polytrichastrum alpinum, two Antarctic mosses with contrasting desiccation capacities

BACKGROUND: Cryptogamic vegetation dominates the ice-free areas along the Antarctic Peninsula. The two mosses Sanionia uncinata and Polytrichastrum alpinum inhabit soils with contrasting water availability. Sanionia uncinata grows in soil with continuous water supply, while P. alpinum grows in sandy, non-flooded soils. Desiccation and rehydration experiments were carried out to test for differences in the rate of water loss and uptake, with non-structural carbohydrates analysed to test their role in these processes. RESULTS: Individual plants of S. uncinata lost water 60 % faster than P. alpinum; however, clumps of S. uncinata took longer to dry than those of P. alpinum (11 vs. 5 h, respectively). In contrast, rehydration took less than 10 min for both mosses. Total non-structural carbohydrate content was higher in P. alpinum than in S. uncinata, but sugar levels changed more in P. alpinum during desiccation and rehydration (60-50 %) when compared to S. uncinata. We report the presence of galactinol (a precursor of the raffinose family) for the first time in P. alpinum. Galactinol was present at higher amounts than all other non-structural sugars. CONCLUSIONS: Individual plants of S. uncinata were not able to retain water for long periods but by growing and forming carpets, this species can retain water the longest. In contrast individual P. alpinum plants required more time to lose water than S. uncinata, but as moss cushions they suffered desiccation faster than the later. On the other hand, both species rehydrated very quickly. We found that when both mosses lost 50 % of their water, carbohydrates content remained stable and the plants did not accumulate non-structural carbohydrates during the desiccation prosses as usually occurs in vascular plants. The raffinose family oligosaccarides decreased during desiccation, and increased during rehydration, suggesting they function as osmoprotectors.

Insecticidal Potentiality of Flavonoids from Cell Suspension Culture of Marchantia Linearis Lehm. & Lindenb Against Spodoptera Litura F.

Bryophytes were diverse, primitive non vascular amphibious taxa distributed worldwide and form the second largest category of plants. Bryophytes synthesize an array of phytochemicals to combat against the unhospitable environmental conditions including predation, UV radiation, high temperature and pest and pathogens. The present investigation was undertaken to elucidate flavonoids from in vitro cell cultures of the liverwort Marchantia linearis Lehm. & Lindenb. its fractionation and analysis of insecticidal potentialities. Initially, callus culture was initiated from spores in MS/5 media containing growth regulators BAP and NAA at the concentration of 2 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L. Agitation of the friable callus at lower rpm bring about lower level of cell dispersion, on the contrary at higher rpm might have risk of cell collision that is why rpm was kept at moderate speed i.e., 110 rpm. Continuous sub culturing process substantially improves cell growth and biomass. In the second phase, the flavonoids were isolated from cell suspension cultures of M. linearis and were fractionated by TLC and HPLC PAD chromatogram, which revealed the presence of quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, rutin and kaempferol. In vivo insecticidal analysis revealed significant antifeedant, larvicidal and pupicidal activities at all the concentrations against 5th instar larvae of Spodoptera litura. The extract also exhibited feeding deterrent activity with M. linearis. Similarly, the nutritional parameters were also affected i.e., reduced ECI (Efficiency of conversion of ingested food) and ECD (Efficiency of conversion of digested food) and increased AD (Approximate digestibility) and metabolic cost for the larvae, when compared with the control. The consumption of the basal diet with the incorporation of flavonoids by S. litura larvae was not significantly different compared to the consumption of the control diet by the larvae. Faecal production reduced proportionally with concentrations of the extract.Bryophytes were diverse, primitive non vascular amphibious taxa distributed worldwide and form the second largest category of plants. Bryophytes synthesize an array of phytochemicals to combat against the unhospitable environmental conditions including predation, UV radiation, high temperature and pest and pathogens. The present investigation was undertaken to elucidate flavonoids from in vitro cell cultures of the liverwort Marchantia linearis Lehm. & Lindenb. its fractionation and analysis of insecticidal potentialities. Initially, callus culture was initiated from spores in MS/5 media containing growth regulators BAP and NAA at the concentration of 2 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L. Agitation of the friable callus at lower rpm bring about lower level of cell dispersion, on the contrary at higher rpm might have risk of cell collision that is why rpm was kept at moderate speed i.e., 110 rpm. Continuous sub culturing process substantially improves cell growth and biomass. In the second phase, the flavonoids were isolated from cell suspension cultures of M. linearis and were fractionated by TLC and HPLC PAD chromatogram, which revealed the presence of quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, rutin and kaempferol. In vivo insecticidal analysis revealed significant antifeedant, larvicidal and pupicidal activities at all the concentrations against 5th instar larvae of Spodoptera litura. The extract also exhibited feeding deterrent activity with M. linearis. Similarly, the nutritional parameters were also affected i.e., reduced ECI (Efficiency of conversion of ingested food) and ECD (Efficiency of conversion of digested food) and increased AD (Approximate digestibility) and metabolic cost for the larvae, when compared with the control. The consumption of the basal diet with the incorporation of flavonoids by S. litura larvae was not significantly different compared to the consumption of the control diet by the larvae. Faecal production reduced proportionally with concentrations of the extract.

Estratificación vertical de briófitos epífitos encontrados en Quercus humboldtii (Fagaceae) de Boyacá, Colombia / Vertical stratification of epiphytic bryophytes found on Quercus humboldtii (Fagaceae) from Boyacá, Colombia

Oak forest represents an ecologically important plant formation in Colombia, partly due to the large amount of epiphyte flora that harbors, especially non-vascular plants which have been poorly studied in Colombia. One of the biggest oak forests in the country is the one found in the Parque Natural Municipal “Robledales de Tipacoque” (PNMRT), in Boyacá, municipality of Tipacoque. The epiphyte bryoflora was evaluated in Q. humboldtii, using canopy climbing techniques and dividing the trees (25 individuals sampled) each into five layers (base, trunk, inner canopy, middle and outer canopy). A total of 365 samples were collected: 29% liveworts and 71% mosses. Hepatics represented 10 families, 16 genera and 26 species; mosses 11 families, 26 genera and 49 species. Considering the tree layers, the most diverse one was the base with 51 species, followed by the trunk with 43; in the canopy, the inner canopy was found the most diverse with 28 species, and was followed by the middle canopy with 18, and the outer canopy with 15. A species similarity index shows that the trunk and the middle canopy were the most closely related (0.42) in terms of species composition. The results showed that non-vascular plants were mostly found in lower layers (base and trunk), where the diversity was greater, richer (species number), and this might be caused by the microclimatic conditions in these places, such as higher humidity, lower light intensity and shade. Thus, some species are considered shade epiphytes (ombrophiles) because they are unique to these areas, like Bazzania gracilis and Taxilejeunea pterigonia, among others. Likewise, Jungermannia sp. is considered a sun epiphyte (heliophilous) because it is found only in the outer canopy. We concluded that Q. humboldtii could be considered as a potential host for the conservation of non-vascular epiphytes in Colombian forests. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (2): 719-727. Epub 2014 June 01.

Los bosques de roble representan una formación vegetal de importancia ecológica, debido a la cantidad de plantas epífitas que pueden llegar a albergar; estas han sido muy poco estudiadas en Colombia, especialmente las no vasculares. Para el país, uno de los robledales de mayor extensión es el Parque Natural Municipal “Robledaes de Tipacoque” (PNMRT), que se encuentra ubicado en Boyacá, en el municipio de Tipacoque. Se evaluó la brioflora epífita en Quercus humboldtii, mediante técnicas de ascenso a dosel y división de cada uno de los árboles (25 individuos muestreados) en cinco estratos cada uno (base, tronco, dosel interno, dosel medio y dosel externo). Se recolectaron en total 365 muestras, 29% pertenecen a hepáticas y 71% a musgos. Las hepáticas se distribuyeron en 10 familias, 16 géneros y 26 especies, mientras que los musgos se distribuyeron en 11 familias, 26 géneros y 49 especies. La base del árbol es el estrato con mayor diversidad de especies (51), seguida del tronco (43), mientras que en el dosel, la parte interna fue la más diversa con 28 especies, seguida del dosel medio con 18 y el dosel externo con 15. Los análisis de similitud muestran una baja relación entre los estratos, donde la mayor afinidad esta entre el tronco y el dosel medio con el 0.42. Los resultados muestran que las plantas no vasculares prefieren los estratos inferiores (base y tronco), donde la diversidad es mayor, debido a las condiciones microclimáticas que éstas zonas presentan, como mayor humedad, menor intensidad lumínica y sombra; además, algunas especies se consideran como epífitas de sombra (hombrófilas) al ser exclusivas de éstas zonas, como Bazzania gracilis y Taxilejeunea pterigonia, entre otras. El caso contrario, Jungermannia sp. Se considera epífita de sol (heliófila) al encontrarse únicamente en el dosel externo. Se concluye que Q. humboldtii puede ser un hospedero potencial para la conservación de epífitas no vasculares en bosques colombianos.

Screening of Antimicrobial and Antioxidative Potential of Selected Eastern Himalayan Mosses.

The present study was aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of some mosses [Octoblepharum albidum, Hyophila involuta, H. perannulata, Campylopus introflexus, Syrrhopodon subconfertus, Erythrodontium julaceum and Sematophyllum subhumile] collected from different altitudes of Eastern Himalaya on Gm+ and Gm- bacteria. The antioxidative potential of these genera against 2, 2-Diphenyle-1-pycril-hydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) was also measured to assess their pharmacological importance. Antimicrobial assay was carried out by considering the zone of Inhibition (ZOI) through agar well diffusion method after extraction with two solvent systems (aquous and hydro-ethanol). Bacillus subtilis (B), Staphylococcus aureus (S), Escherichia coli (E) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K) were used for experimentation. The percent inhibition of methanolic DPPH by plant extracts was measured spectrophotometrically. The free radical scavenging activities were examined and expressed in comparison with Vitamin C. Among seven genera studied, S. subconfertus showed antimicrobial activity both on Gm+ and Gm- bacteria although their percentage of DPPH reduction was quite less in all the tested concentrations. In contrast, E. julaceum exhibited dose-dependent-antimicrobial activity on Gm+ and E. coli bacteria and also had appreciable antioxidant property. Therefore, it can be concluded that the antimicrobial potential is not indicative of the antioxidative potential of the respective genera. However, the presence of an important species-specific active compound or ensemble of many active compounds or their relative concentrations might be responsible for their efficacy against bacteria. Thus, survey on Himalayan bryoflora was the primary effort on the way to understand their therapeutic application and for formulation of nutraceuticals.

Sphagnum (velvet) species used by rural communities at the Guaratuba EPA, Paraná State, Brazil / Espécies de Sphagnum (veludo) utilizadas pelas comunidades rurais da APA de Guaratuba, Estado do Paraná, Brasil

The results of a survey of Sphagnum used by the Descoberto and Empanturrado rural communities (Guaratuba municipality and Guaratuba Environmental Protected Area ­ EPA) are presented. The analysis was based on fresh material collected in different harvesting areas. Five species were recorded: S. capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw., S. cuspidatum Ehrh. ex Hoffm., S. erythrocalyx Hampe, S. perichaetiale Hampe and S. recurvum P. Beauv.. All of them are native species that grow spontaneously in that region and are intensively harvested by the local community. A key is presented to differentiate the species, and the botanical description, common names, geographic distribution and illustrations for each species are included.

Apresenta-se resultado de levantamento das espécies de Sphagnum L. utilizadas pelas comunidades rurais de Descoberto e Empanturrado (Município de Guaratuba, APA de Guaratuba, Paraná). A partir de coletas e identificação de material botânico nos locais de extrativismo, foram registradas cinco espécies: S. capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw., S. cuspidatum Ehrh. ex Hoffm., S. erythrocalyx Hampe, S. perichaetiale Hampe e S. recurvum P. Beauv.. Todas com ocorrência natural na região de estudo e submetidas a intenso extrativismo pela demanda do segmento floricultor. Incluem-se chave dicotômica para identificação, descrições, caracterização do hábitat, distribuição geográfica e ilustrações para cada espécie identificada.

Some Indian bryophytes known for their biologically active compounds.

Bryophytes are known to produce a great range of biologically active compounds viz. terpenoids, aromatic compounds, and acetogenins. A lot of these constituents have typical odour, tanginess, and bitterness, and exhibit a fairly curious collection of bioactivities and medicinal properties. Chemical studies of the bryophytes were neglected for a long time in India. They are stockroom of naturally occurring materials. Many of these materials display substantial biological activity. Investigations are hindered commonly because of too little amounts of plant material. The resulting low yields of components are then generally insufficient to allow testing for biological activity. In vitro culture and suitable chemical synthesis on a preparative scale are now being undertaken to overcome this difficulty. In present review the bryophytes of Indian territory and their biologically active compounds have been highlighted which need to be used in sustainable manner.

Checklist de briófitas (Antocerotophyta, Bryophyta e Marchantiophyta) do estado de São Paulo / Bryophytes checklist (Antocerotophyta, Bryophyta and Marchantiophyta) of São Paulo State

Foram revisadas todas as publicações que citam amostras do estado de São Paulo e excluídos 10 nomes de ocorrência incerta. Foram incluídos os táxons que possuíam amostras provenientes do estado de São Paulo que e apresentavam espécimes depositadas em herbários indexados. Foram encontradas 1.324 espécies de briófitas incluindo nove em Antocerotophyta (9), Bryophyta (740) e Marchantiophyta (575). Foram conferidas as identificações de 1.000 dos táxons citados e 324 baseando-se em literatura. Dos táxons reconhecidos nesta listagem 139 apresentam como única citação para o conhecimento científico da espécie a localidade-tipo dentro do estado de São Paulo. As perspectivas de pesquisa para as briófitas nos próximos 10 anos estão principalmente relacionadas a formação de recursos humanos para a confecção da flora de briófitas do estado, proporcionando assim uma ferramenta indispensável para a realização dos estudos que utilizam a unidade taxonômica (espécie) como objeto para inúmeros trabalhos.

All publications mentioning samples from state of São Paulo were revised and 10 names of uncertain occurrence were excluded. All taxa included had samples from the state of São Paulo and are deposited in indexed herbaria. We found 1,324 bryophytes species, including nine Antocerotophyta, 740 to Bryophyta and 575 to Marchantiophyta. We checked at last one sample of these 1,000 names and 324 taxa was cited based on literature. One hundred thirty nine of the taxa recognized in this list have a single citation to present knowledge of the species, this is the type locality in the state of São Paulo. Prospects for bryophytes research in the next 10 years are mainly related to training of human resources for the preparation of the state bryophyte flora, providing tools for studies that use the taxonomic unit (species) as an object.

Aspectos brioflorísticos e fitogeográficos de duas formações costeiras de Floresta Atlântica da Serra do Mar, Ubatuba/SP, Brasil / Bryophytic and phytogeographical aspects of two types of forest of the Serra do Mar State Park, Ubatuba/SP, Brazil

Bryophytes are indicators of climatic, environmental and ecology conditions and are useful in the characterization of the vegetation types. In this study, we analyzed the brioflora of 2-ha plots, one of Restinga Forest (RF) and the other of Lowland Ombrophilous Dense Forest (LF), located in the Núcleo Picinguaba, State Park of Serra do Mar (São Paulo state, Brazil) aiming to: a) compare the structure of these communities; b) compare the floristic composition between these areas and with other coastal vegetations of southeastern Brazil; c) verify if the bryophytes of the Atlantic Forest lowlands have phytogeographic patterns wider than those of the montane species. In each plot, the bryophytes samples were collected at ten randomized subplots (10 × 10 m). We found 152 species (87 liverworts, 64 mosses and one hornwort), of which 109 occur in RF (40 exclusives) and 112 in LF (43 exclusives). In terms of species richness and taxonomic diversity, LF was more diverse; however, the Simpson and Shannon index of diversity is higher in RF. The floristic composition, life form and ecological groups of light tolerance were significantly different between these two forests. Canopy opening (RF) and number of rocks (LF) were important environmental variables that influenced bryophyte distribution in the study areas. When evaluated in terms of landscape, the subplots of RF and LR form distinct floristic groups; however, at the regional level, the bryophytes of these two forest types have more similarities among themselves than with other Atlantic Forest areas. Bryophyte community observed in the Restinga Forest of Picinguaba shows more similarity with that of the neighbor Lowland Ombrophilous Dense Forest than with other Restinga or coastal formation, such as mangroves and caxetal. In both forests types studied, the majority of taxa (> 90 percent) is widely distributed in the world, presenting phytogeographic pattern equal to or wider than the Neotropical. Our results corroborate the idea that the RF of Picinguaba is a unique vegetation formation, presenting elements of ombrophilous and dryer forests. In addition, they reinforce the idea that, for the tropical bryophyte species, the phytogeographic patterns are wider in areas of lower altitudes.

Briófitas são bioindicadoras de condições climáticas, ambientais e ecológicas, sendo úteis na caracterização de tipos vegetacionais. Neste trabalho, foi analisada a brioflora de duas áreas de 1 ha, uma de Floresta de Restinga (FR) e outra de Floresta Ombrófila Densa de Terras Baixas (TB) do Núcleo Picinguaba, PE Serra do Mar (São Paulo, Brasil), com o objetivo de: a) comparar a estrutura dessas comunidades; b) entender as relações florísticas dessas áreas entre si e com outras formações litorâneas brasileiras; c) verificar se as briófitas de áreas de baixada apresentam padrões fitogeográficos mais amplos do que aquelas de áreas montanas. As briófitas foram coletadas em 10 subparcelas (10 × 10 m) distribuídas aleatoriamente em cada fitofisionomia. Variáveis ambientais foram quantificadas e correlacionadas com a distribuição da brioflora. Foram registradas 152 espécies (87 hepáticas, 64 musgos e 1 antócero), das quais 109 ocorrem na FR (40 exclusivas) e 112 em TB (43 exclusivas). Em termos de riqueza de espécies e diversidade taxonômica, TB foi mais diversa; contudo, os índices de diversidade de Simpson e Shannon foram maiores na FR. A composição florística, tipos de forma de vida e grupos ecológicos de tolerância à luz apresentaram diferenças significativas entre as duas fitofisionomias. A abertura do dossel (FR) e rochosidade (TB) são variáveis ambientais importantes que atuam sobre a distribuição das briófitas nas áreas estudadas. Quando avaliadas em termos de paisagem, as subparcelas da FR e TB formaram grupos florísticos distintos; entretanto, em nível regional, a brioflora dessas duas fitofisionomias apresenta mais afinidades entre si do que com outras áreas de Floresta Atlântica. Em termos florísticos, a FR de Picinguaba assemelha-se mais às Florestas Ombrófilas do que a outras Restingas ou outras formações costeiras (como mangue e caxetal). Nas duas fitofisionomias, a maioria dos táxons (> 90 por cento) é amplamente distribuída no mundo, apresentando padrão fitogeográfico igual ou maior do que o Neotropical. Nossos resultados corroboram a idéia de que a FR de Picinguaba é uma formação ímpar, apresentando em sua brioflora elementos de florestas ombrófilas entremeados àqueles de vegetações mais secas; além disso, reforçam a idéia de que, para as espécies de briófitas, os padrões fitogeográficos são mais amplos em locais de menores altitudes.

Diversidade, taxonomia e distribuição por estados brasileiros das famílias Bartramiaceae, Brachytheciaceae, Bryaceae, Calymperaceae, Fissidentaceae, Hypnaceae e Leucobryaceae (Bryophyta) da Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, Caxiuanã, Pará, Brasil

The inventory of the species of mosses (Bryophyta) was conducted in the Scientific Station Ferreira Penna, municipality of Melgaço, state of Pará. This station possesses 85% of its area of well conserved, terra-firme vegetation. Although the phanerogams are relatively well studied, the mosses are only now moving forward with this work. Besides inventorying the species of mosses inhabiting the area, other objectives are to expand knowledge regarding the geographical distribution of the species reported for the area, and to register the substratum type and ecosystem where they occur. There were identified 84 species, 37 genera and 19 families. This work is part of a series of studies accomplished with the mosses of ECFPn, just treating the 47 species belonging to the families Bartramiaceae, Brachytheciaceae, Bryaceae, Calymperaceae, Fissidentaceae, Hypnaceae and Leucobryaceae. For each táxon they were mentioned place-type, herbarium, references of descriptions, comments regarding morphological characteristics, Brazilian geographical distribution and examined material. Herein we include new references for Amazonian Brazilian, Fissidens pauperculus M. Howe and Octoblepharum costatum H. A. Crum and for the state of Pará, Syrrhopodon incompletus Schwägr. var. berteroanus (Brid.) W. D. Reese and Leucobryum crispum Müll. Hal.

Foi realizado o inventário das espécies de musgos (Bryophyta) da Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, município de Melgaço, estado do Pará. Esta estação possui 85% de sua área ocupada por mata de terra firme, bem conservada. Sua vegetação de fanerógamas já está relativamente estudada. Porém o estudo dos musgos está avançando agora com este trabalho. Além de inventariar as espécies de musgos ocorrentes na área, outros objetivos são ampliar a distribuição geográfica das espécies ainda não referidas para a região, registrar o tipo de substrato e ecossistema onde elas ocorrem. Foram identificadas 84 espécies, 37 gêneros e 19 famílias. Esse trabalho é parte dos estudos realizados com os musgos da ECFPn, tratando apenas das 47 espécies pertencentes às famílias Bartramiaceae, Brachytheciaceae, Bryaceae, Calymperaceae, Fissidentaceae, Hypnaceae e Leucobryaceae. Para cada táxon foram citados, herbário, referências de descrições, comentários com as características diagnósticas, habitats, distribuição geográfica brasileira e material examinado. São novas referências para Amazônia Brasileira, Fissidens pauperculus M. Howe e Octoblepharum costatum H. A.Crum e para o estado do Pará, Syrrhopodon incompletus Schwägr. var. berteroanus (Brid.) W. D. Reese e Leucobryum crispum Müll. Hal.

Briófitos reófioos de tres quebradas del páramo de mamapacha, Chinavita (boyacá-Colombia) / Rheophilic Bryophytes of Three River of the Páramo de Mamapacha, Chinavita (Boyacá-Colombia)

En este estudio se encontraron 42 especies de briófitos reófilos (21 musgos, 20 hepáticas, 1 antocero), 18 son nuevos registros para Boyacá. Las familias con mayor riqueza de especies son Bartramiaceae (4 spp.), Brachytheciaceae, Dicranaceae, Pallaviciniaceae y Jungermanniaceae (3 spp. cada una). Los briófitos están condicionados por el grado de exposición al ambiente, la disponibilidad de rocas y la competencia con otros briófitos. Finalmente se presenta un catálogo comentado con datos morfológicos, de distribución y ecológicos para las especies.

In this study, 42 species of rheophylic bryophytes (21 mosses, 20 liverworts, 1 hornwort) were found. Of them 18 are new reports for Boyacá province. The families with more richness of species are Bartramiaceae (4 spp.), Brachytheciaceae, Dicranaceae, Pallaviciniaceae and Jungermanniaceae (3 spp. each one). The bryophytes establishment is conditioned by the exhibition grade to the atmosphere, the availability of rocks and the competition with other bryophytes. Finally, a commented catalogue with morphological, distribution and ecological data of the species is presented.