Avaliação da influência da pandemia de Covid-19 no risco de desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares em mulheres / Assessment of the influence of the Covid-19 pandemicon the risk of developing eating disorders in women

Objetivo: verificar a influência da pandemia de Covid-19 no risco de desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares em mulheres. Metodologia: pesquisa quantitativa, com mulheres com acesso ao computador, a celular e à internet. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de um questionário on-line contendo 60 perguntas, com respostas fechadas, que visavam conhecer a sua relação com a alimentação. Foram verificados o consumo alimentar e o risco de desenvolvimento de anorexia nervosa (Eating Attitudes Test - EAT-26) e bulimia nervosa (Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh- BITE). Resultados: participaram da pesquisa 92 mulheres, sendo que 81,50% (n=75) referiram que ficaram em casa durante a pandemia. Sobre a ingestão de alimentos, 45,70% (n=42) relataram que consumiram diariamente frutas e hortaliças, 55,40% (n=51) ingeriram de 1 a 2 vezes/semana bolachas, salgadinhos, doces e guloseimas e 62,00% (n=57) consumiam embutidos pelo menos 1 vez/semana. Ainda, 18,50% (n=17) apresentaram risco para o desenvolvimento de anorexia nervosa e 83,60% (n=73) risco de bulimia nervosa. Entretanto, analisando se esse risco estava associado à pandemia, verificou-se que não houve diferença significativa entre o grupo que permaneceu em casa e o grupo que saiu para trabalhar (p > 0,05). Conclusão: portanto, grande parte das voluntárias apresentaram um risco de desenvolver algum transtorno alimentar, entretanto, não houve uma relação entre o possível risco de desenvolver transtornos alimentares influenciado pela pandemia.

Objective: to verify the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on the risk of developing eating disorders in women. Methodology: quantitative research, with women with access to a computer, cell phone and internet. Data collection was carried out using an online questionnaire containing 60 questions, with closed answers, which aimed to understand their relationship with food. Food consumption Abstract and the risk of developing nervous anorexia (Eating Attitudes Test - EAT-26) and nervous bulimia (Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh - BITE) were verified. Results: 92 women participated in the research, with 81.50% (n=75) reporting that they stayed at home during the pandemic. Regarding food intake, 45.70% (n=42) reported that they consumed fruits and vegetables daily, 55.40% (n=51) ate cookies, snacks, sweets and sweets 1 to 2 times/week and 62, 00% (n=57) consumed sausages at least once/week. Furthermore, 18.50% (n=17) were at risk for developing nervous anorexia and 83.60% (n=73) were at risk for nervous bulimia. However, analyzing whether this risk was associated with the pandemic, it was found that there was no significant difference between the group that remained at home and the group that went out to work (p > 0.05). Conclusion: therefore, most of the volunteers presented a risk of developing an eating disorder, however, there was no relationship between the possible risk of developing eating disorders influenced by the pandemic.

Diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders in children and adolescents

Abstract Objectives To provide a narrative review of the main eating disorders (ED), specifically focusing on children and adolescents. This review also aims to help the pediatrician identify, diagnose, and refer children and adolescents affected by this medical condition and inform them about the multidisciplinary treatment applied to these disorders. Data source The research was conducted in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline) databases via PubMed and Embase. Consolidated Guidelines and Guidebooks in the area were also included in the review to support the discussion of ED treatment in childhood and adolescence. Data synthesis ED are psychiatric condition that usually begins in adolescence or young adulthood but can occur at any time of life, including in childhood, which has been increasingly frequent. Pediatricians are the first professionals to deal with the problem and, therefore, must be well trained in identifying and managing these disorders, which can be severe, and determine physical complications and quality of life of patients and their families. Conclusion ED has shown an increase in prevalence, as well as a reduction in the age of diagnosed patients, requiring adequate detection and referral by pediatricians. The treatment requires a specialized multidisciplinary team and is generally long-lasting for adequate recovery of affected individuals.

Transtornos alimentares e sua ocorrência em idosos: os impactos destes distúrbios na terceira idade

Objetivo: Descrever a relação entre os principais transtornos alimentares e sua ocorrência em idosos, mostrando os impactos que estes distúrbios podem ocasionar na terceira idade, bem como relatar os principais desafios e dificuldades quanto ao diagnóstico e tratamento na prática clínica. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa, realizada durante julho de 2020 a setembro de 2023, utilizando-se bases de dados científicas tais como: Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo e Lilacs. Resultados: Foi possível constatar que os estudos envolvendo os transtornos alimentares em idosos ainda são mínimos, merecendo uma maior atenção a anemia, a bulimia e o transtorno de compulsão alimentar. Conclusão: Ressalta-se a necessidade de maiores estudos envolvendo a ocorrência de transtornos alimentares no público idoso. Devido à escassez de pesquisas nessa área, tem se tornado difícil oferecer abordagens eficazes de tratamento para o desenvolvimento e diagnóstico de transtornos alimentares nesse ciclo da vida.

Comportamento de risco para transtornos alimentares, percepção da imagem corporal e consumo alimentar em adolescentes praticantes de judô / Risk behavior for eating disorders, perception of body image and food consumption in adolescent judo practitioners

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o consumo alimentar, comportamento de risco para transtornos alimentares e percepção da imagem corporal em adolescentes praticantes de judô. Métodos Estudo transversal com adolescentes judocas participantes da Federação Paranaense de Judô. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário on-line, contendo os instrumentos Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) para avaliar percepção da imagem corporal, o Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) para identificar comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares e o Recordatório alimentar de 24 horas para análise da ingestão alimentar. A insatisfação com o peso corporal foi obtida pelo relato dos que gostariam de ganhar ou perder peso. Resultados Participaram 57 judocas de ambos os sexos, maioria sexo masculino (54,3%; n=31). Ausência de comportamento de risco para transtorno alimentar (63,1%; n=36) e insatisfação com a imagem corporal (75,4%; n=43) foram prevalentes entre os judocas. Entre os que apresentaram insatisfação com a imagem corporal (36,8%; n=14), observou-se que 9 (15,78%) também mostraram comportamento alimentar de risco para transtornos alimentares pelo teste EAT-26 (p=0,002). Houve associação entre insatisfação com o peso e comportamento de risco para TA (p=0,034), representado pelo EAT positivo para 26,31% (n=15) dos adolescentes. Identificou-se valores de ingestão alimentar insuficientes de energia e carboidratos, bem como consumo elevado de proteínas, e inadequação na ingestão para a maioria dos micronutrientes. Conclusão A maioria dos atletas não apresentou comportamento de risco para TA e estavam satisfeitos com sua imagem corporal. Diate da inadequação no consumo alimentar, destaca-se a importância das ações de educação alimentar e nutricional voltadas para este público.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate food consumption, risk behavior for eating disorders and perception of body image in adolescents who practice judo. Methods Cross-sectional study with adolescents practicing judo, participants of the Paraná Federation of Judo. For data collection, an online questionnaire was used, containing questions related to characterization and anthropometric data, the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) instruments to assess body image perception, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) to identify behaviors risk factors for eating disorders and the 24-hour food recall to assess food intake. Dissatisfaction with body weight was obtained by reporting those who would like to gain or lose weight. Results 57 judokas of both sexes participated, mostly male (54.3%; n=31). Absence of risk behavior for eating disorders (63.1%; n=36) and dissatisfaction with body image (75.4%; n=43) were prevalent among judokas. Among the adolescents who were dissatisfied with their body image (36.8%; n=14), it was observed that 9 (15.78%) also showed risky eating behavior for eating disorders by the EAT-26 test (p=0.002). There was an association between dissatisfaction with weight and risk behavior for ED (p=0.034), represented by positive EAT for 26.31% (n=15) of adolescents. Insufficient food intake values of energy and carbohydrates, as well as high protein consumption, and inadequate intake for the largest of micronutrients were identified. Conclusion Most athletes did not present risk behavior for ED and were satisfied with their body image. Among those classified as dissatisfied with their body image, the degrees identified are mostly mild to moderate. The analysis of food consumption showed inadequacy for most of the nutrients evaluated, emphasizing the importance of food and nutrition education actions aimed at this public.

Terapia de remediación cognitiva en bulimia nerviosa: Un estudio de caso / Cognitive remediation therapy in bulimia nervosa: A case study

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una evaluación preliminar de la terapia de remediación cognitiva (TRE) en una paciente con bulimia nerviosa (BN). Bajo un diseño pre-post-tratamiento, la paciente (20 años de edad e índice de masa corporal [IMC] de 22.41) completó cuatro pruebas neuropsicológicas, tres medidas de síntomas de BN y dos de sintomatología psiquiátrica (depresión y ansiedad). Con base a las puntuaciones pre y post TRE fue calculado el cambio clínico objetivo (CCO). Los principales efectos neuropsicológicos se registraron en: flexibilidad de pensamiento, proceso visocontructivo, coherencia central y planificación (CCO = 0.39-0.99). También se identificaron cambios relevantes en las medidas de sintomatología psiquiátrica y de BN (CCO = 0.53-0.88), no así en el IMC. Este estudio suma evidencias respecto a la utilidad de la CRT en el tratamiento multidisciplinario, ya no solo de la anorexia nerviosa, sino que extiende su aplicabilidad a la BN.

Abstract The aim of this study was to perform a preliminary evaluation of cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) in a patient with bulimia nervosa (BN). The participant was 20 years old with a 22.41kg/m2 body mass index (BMI). Under a pre-post treatment design, the patient was administered four neuropsychological tests, three measures of BN symptoms and two of psychiatric symptomatology (depression and anxiety). Based on the pre and post CRT scores, the objective clinical change (OCC) was calculated. The main neuropsychological effects were observed in cognitive flexibility, visoconstructive processing (memory and central coherence) and working memory (OCC = 0,39-0,99). Relevant changes were also identified in the measures of psychiatric symptomatology and BN (OCC = 0,53-0,88), with no change in BMI. This study adds evidence regarding the usefulness of CRT in the multidisciplinary treatment not only of anorexia nervosa, but also extends its applicability to another eating disorder, BN.

Factores de riesgo en la Bulimia Nerviosa (BN): elementos claves de seguridad en el cuidado de la salud. Una revisión de la literatura / Bulimia nervosa risk factors (BN): key elements of health care security. A review of the literature

Resumen Se realizó una revisión de literatura con el objetivo de identificar los factores de riesgo de la BN, utiles para que el equipo de salud proteja la seguridad de sus intervenciones y atención a las personas que padecen este trastorno en el ciclo de vida adolescente y joven. Se hizo una búsqueda en bases de datos y repositorios, con uso de términos libres como: BN, adolescente, factor de riesgo, trastorno de conducta alimentaria, en español e inglés, combinados con operadores boleanos (AND, OR, NOT) y de posición (WTH y NEAR). Se incluyeron 72 documentos tras la selección por criterios de inclusión, se hizo depuración de ellos según sus datos bibliográficos, objetivo, tipo de estudio, resultados y conclusión. Los resultados muestran que hay aún factores biológicos por rastrear y analizar, dentro de los sociodemográficos, la edad de afectación principalmente reportada es la adolescencia y adultez joven, no hubo diferencias por raza o nivel socioeconómico. Factores comportamentales como preocupación por la imagen corporal, dietas y ejercicio son documentados. Desde el área psicosocial, la disfuncionalidad individual y los antecedentes de trastornos psicológicos, la familia y el entorno cultural condicionan para que el cuerpo logre su delgadez. La conclusión general sugiere que la seguridad de la atención en la BN está en explorar los antecedentes individuales, biológicos, psicológicos y comportamentales; reconocer dinámicas familiares y la influencia del entorno social. Asimismo, es útil, el trabajo interdisciplinar e integración de red de apoyo familiar para lograr atención segura en la BN.

Abstract Review of literature aimed at recognizing risk factors of BN, useful for the health team to protect the safety of their interventions and care for people suffering from this disorder in the adolescent and young life cycle. It consists of a narrative review, carried out by means of search in databases and repositories, with use of free terms such as: BN, adolescent, risk factor, food behavior disorders, in Spanish and English, combined with bolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) and position (WTH and NEAR). Seventy-two sources were incorporated, documents were selected by inclusion criteria, review according to bibliographic data, objective, type of study, results, and conclusion. The results show that there are still biological factors to be traced and analyzed, within the sociodemographic the age of involvement is adolescence and youth, it does not have differences by race or socioeconomic level. Behavioral factors such as concern for body image, diets and exercise are documented. From the psychosocial area, individual dysfunction and backgrounds of psychological disorders, the family and the cultural environment influence to achieve the thinness of the body. The general conclusion suggests that the safety of care in the BN lies in exploring the individual, biological, psychological and behavioral backgrounds, recognizing family dynamics and the influence of the social environment. It is useful, interdisciplinary work and integration of family support network to achieve safe health care in the BN.

Conductas alimentarias de riesgo en jóvenes adultos de dos comunas de la región de Ñuble en Chile durante pandemia Covid-19

Objetivo: Analizar las conductas alimentarias de riesgo, en relación al estado nutricional y actividad física en jóvenes adultos durante la pandemia COVID-19 en las comunas de Chillán y Chillán Viejo. Método: Diseño observacional y transversal. Se obtuvo una muestra de 184 adultos jóvenes de ambos sexos, que residían en dos comunas de la región de Ñuble (Chile) durante el periodo de confinamiento por la pandemia COVID-19. Se les aplicó un cuestionario de antecedentes personales y la escala SCOFF que evalúa el riesgo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA). Resultados: Se encontró un 37,16% de riesgo para TCA (IC 95%: 30,23 - 44,63%). El riesgo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria tuvo relación con las variables: actividad física (p = 0,01 análisis bivariante) y estado nutricional (p = 0,03, análisis ajustado). Conclusión: Se logró identificar una proporción superior a la registrada en la literatura y los factores asociados a TCA eran los que se esperaban encontrar.

Objective: To analyze risky eating behaviors in relation to nutritional status and physical activity in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in the communes of Chillán and Chillán Viejo. Methods: Observational and cross-sectional design. A sample of 184 young adults of both sexes, who lived in two communes in the Ñuble region (Chile) during the period of confinement due to COVID-19 pandemic, was obtained. A personal history questionnaire and the SCOFF scale that assesses the risk of eating behavior disorders (EDs) were applied. Results: A 37.16% risk for ED was found (95% CI: 30.23 - 44.63%). The risk of eating behavior disorders was related to the variables: physical activity (p=0.01 bivariate analysis) and nutritional status (p=0.03, adjusted analysis). Conclusion: It was possible to identify a higher proportion than that recorded in the literature and the factors associated with eating disorders were those that were expected to be found.

El Rol de los Trastornos de Conducta Alimentaria sobre la Periodontitis: Breve Revisión Sistemática de Estudios Observacionales

Los trastornos de conducta alimentaria tienen efectos importantes sobre la salud oral destacándose entre estos por su alta prevalencia la anorexia y bulimia. Evaluar los efectos de la anorexia y bulimia sobre la periodontitis. Se realizó una búsqueda electrónica entre 2017 y 2021 en las bases datos Medline a través de Pubmed, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source, Scopus, Springer y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, donde con la estrategia de búsqueda "Anorexia OR Bulimia AND periodontal disease". Se recuperaron 101 registros potencialmente elegibles de los cuales luego de aplicar los criterios de elegibilidad se seleccionaron tres estudios de diseño observacional, cuyos resultados mostraron una asociación de la bulimia y anorexia con la incidencia de complicaciones orales en pacientes ambulatorios, donde la condición periodontal parece ser significativamente peor comparada con pacientes sanos emparejados por sexo y edad, siendo estos hallazgos de alta calidad metodológica o bajo riesgo de sesgo. La anorexia y la bulimia generan un alto impacto sobre la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud oral específicamente sobre el desarrollo de periodontitis. Sin embargo, se requieren de nuevos estudios que logren explicar en su totalidad esta posible relación.

Eating disorders have important effects on oral health, anorexia and bulimia standing out among them due to their high prevalence. To evaluate the effects of ano- rexia and bulimia on periodontitis. An electronic search was carried out between 2017 and 2021 in the Medline databases through Pubmed, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source, Scopus, Springer and Virtual Health Library, where with the search strategy "Anorexia OR Bulimia AND periodontal disease". 101 potentially eligible records were retrieved from which, after applying the eligibility criteria, three observational design studies were selected, whose results showed an association of bulimia and anorexia with the incidence of oral complications in outpatients, where periodontal condition appears to be significantly worse compared to healthy patients matched for sex and age, these results being of high methodological quality or low risk of bias. Anorexia and bulimia have a high impact on health-related quality of life oral specifically on the development of periodontitis.However, it is required They want new studies that fully explain this possible relationship.

Sintomas de transtornos alimentares em acadêmicos de medicina / Symptoms of eating disorders in medical students

Objetivo: avaliar os sintomas de transtornos alimentares em estudantes do Curso de Medicina do Centro Universitário Christus. Métodos: o estudo foi realizado com acadêmicos do quarto semestre do curso de Medicina. Utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico e antropométrico e os instrumentos Eating Atitudes Test (EAT-26); Binge Eating Scale (BES); e Sick Control One Stone Fat Food Questionnaire (SCOFF). Resultados: participaram do estudo 78 alunos, sendo 54 pessoas do sexo feminino (69,23%). A média de idade dos participantes foi de 22 (±4,7) anos, e o IMC médio foi de 24,33 (±4,11) kg/m2. Quanto ao SCOFF, 38,46% dos participantes apresentaram elevada probabilidade de transtorno alimentar, 14,10% apresentaram alto risco para desenvolverem transtornos alimentares segundo o EAT-26, e 12,82% apresentaram escores sugestivos de presença de compulsão alimentar moderada mediante o uso da BES. Conclusão: os transtornos alimentares e os comportamentos alimentares alterados foram identificados entre os acadêmicos de medicina. Assim, são necessárias intervenções de educação em saúde e de apoio psicológico para esta população, objetivando reduzir o risco de desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares.

Objective: this study aimed to evaluate the symptoms of eating disorders in medical students at Centro Universitário Christus. Methods: the study was carried out with fourth-semester medical students. A sociodemographic and anthropometric questionnaire was used, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) instruments; Binge Eating Scale (BES); and Sick Control One Stone Fat Food Questionnaire (SCOFF). Results: 78 students participated in the study, 54 of whom were female (69.23%). The mean age of the participants was 22 (±4.7) years and the mean BMI was 24.33 (±4.11) kg/m2. As for the SCOFF, 38.46% of the participants had a high probability of having an eating disorder, 14.10% had a high risk of developing eating disorders according to the EAT-26, and 12.82% had scores suggestive of the presence of moderate binge eating using BES. Conclusion: eating disorders and altered eating behaviors were identified among medical students. Thus, health education and psychological support interventions are needed for this population, aiming to reduce the risk of developing eating disorders.

Atuação da Enfermagem com pacientes acometidos de transtornos alimentares: análise de filmes e documentários / Nursing performance with patients suffering from eating disorders: analysis of films and documentaries / Cuidados de enfermería con pacientes que sufren trastornos alimentarios: análisis de películas y documentales

Objetivo: analisar a atuação da Enfermagem junto a pacientes com transtornos alimentares em filmes sobre o assunto. Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório desenvolvido a partir de dados secundários. Utilizaram-se a base de dados cinematográfica Internet Move Database e descritores em português e inglês, que foram: "anorexia", "bulimia" e/ou "transtornos alimentares". Adotaram-se como critérios de inclusão: criações audiovisuais produzidas entre 1998 e 2020; o conteúdo estar disponível nas plataformas de streaming elencadas; as criações terem áudio e/ou legendas em português; e o filme ter alguma cena com o profissional de Enfermagem. Seis mídias atenderam a esses critérios e foram analisadas a partir de um roteiro que investiga a abordagem da Enfermagem no tratamento dos transtornos alimentares. Para elencar a produção mais indicada para finalidade didática, foram considerados seis critérios objetivos. Resultados: a maioria dos enredos veiculou a Enfermagem de modo estereotipado e com pouca autonomia, além de atribuir uma postura de "mau" ou "bom ajudante do médico" a esses profissionais. Embora nenhum enredo tenha atendido a todos os critérios objetivos de maneira satisfatória, a produção audiovisual que correspondeu à maior parte dos critérios foi aquela indicada para a finalidade didática. Conclusão: as produções, de um modo geral, condizem mais com o modelo médico assistencialista, na qual o enfermeiro desenvolve ações de prevalência tecnicistas, de supervisão e desintegradas da equipe multiprofissional em detrimento do modelo biopsicossocial, o qual demanda raciocínio clínico, pensamento crítico e conhecimento científico fundamentado.(AU)

Objective: to analyze the performance of Nursing with patients with eating disorders in films about the subject. Method: this is a descriptive-exploratory study developed from secondary data. The film database Internet Move Database and descriptors in Portuguese and English were used, which were: "anorexia", "bulimia" and/or "eating disorders". The following inclusion criteria were adopted: audiovisual creations produced between 1998 and 2020; the content is available on the listed streaming platforms; the creations have audio and/or subtitles in Portuguese; and the film has a scene with the Nursing professional. Six media met these criteria and were analyzed based on a script that investigates Nursing's approach to the treatment of eating disorders. To list the most suitable production for didactic purposes, six objective criteria were considered. Results: most plots conveyed Nursing in a stereotyped way and with little autonomy, in addition to attributing a "bad" or "good doctor's helper" attitude to these professionals. Although no plot met all the objective criteria satisfactorily, the audiovisual production that met most of the criteria was the one indicated for didactic purposes. Conclusion: the productions, in general, are more in line with the medical care model, in which the nurse develops actions that are technical, supervisory, and disintegrated from the multidisciplinary team to the detriment of the biopsychosocial model, which demands clinical reasoning, critical thinking and grounded scientific knowledge.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar los cuidados de enfermería frente a pacientes con trastornos alimentarios en películas sobre el tema. Método: se trata de un estudio descriptivo-exploratorio desarrollado a partir de datos secundarios. Se utilizó la base de datos cinematográfica "Internet Move Database" y las palabras clave en portugués e inglés, las cuales fueron: "anorexia", "bulimia" y/o "trastornos alimentarios". Fueron adoptados los siguientes criterios de inclusión: creaciones audiovisuales producidas entre los años 1998 y 2020; el contenido estar disponible en las plataformas de streaming listadas; tener audio y/o subtítulos en portugués; y alguna escena con el profesional de Enfermería. Seis medios cumplieron estos criterios y fueron analizados a...(AU)

Characteristics of functional magnetic resonance imaging in patients with bulimia nervosa / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Bulimia nervosa (BN) is a kind of mental disorder characterized by repeated episodes of uncontrollable overeating, accompanied by compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain and excessive attention to one's own weight and body shape. Cognitive control, reward processing, and emotional processing are three interrelated neuropsychological processes.Cognitive control regulates reward processing while also being regulated by emotional effects. This article reviews functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) researches on cognitive control, reward processing, emotional processing and intervention in BN, aiming to summarize substantive progress and provide inspiration for future interventions targeting BN. It can be seen from the review that the abnormal cognitive control of BN patients is related to the decreased functional activity of the frontal lobe striatum circuit.Abnormal activation of brain regions related to reward processing such as anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, ventral striatum and insula.The reaction of the right amygdala, the left anterior cingulate cortex and the left insular lobe of BN patients under negative emotion was weaker than that of healthy people. After medication and psychotherapy, the abnormalities of the prefrontal lobe and limbic system were improved to some extent.

Transtornos alimentares: vivências de mulheres acima de 30 anos / Eating disorders: experiences of women aged over 30 years / Trastornos alimentarios: experiencias de mujeres de más de 30 años

O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender como mulheres adultas (acima de 30 anos) diagnosticadas com transtornos alimentares (TAs) vivenciam o adoecer. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, desenvolvido com base no referencial teórico-metodológico da Análise Fenomenológica Interpretativa (AFI). Participaram seis mulheres, com idades entre 34 e 65 anos, atendidas em um serviço especializado. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista aberta, de inspiração fenomenológica, na modalidade remota. As entrevistas foram audiogravadas, transcritas e analisadas seguindo os passos da AFI. Duas categorias temáticas foram identificadas: "Vivendo antes do adoecer" e "Encontrando-se doente." Constatou-se que os sintomas tiveram início anteriormente à vida adulta e que houve dificuldade na confirmação do diagnóstico. Na perspectiva das participantes, conviver com a sintomatologia ficou mais complicado em função de particularidades de manejo dos sintomas na vida adulta, e a idade é percebida como um fator que impacta e dificulta ainda mais a recuperação. As participantes relataram desesperança em relação ao futuro, apesar de a maioria reconhecer melhoras no quadro clínico ao longo do tempo e de valorizar a relação de confiança estabelecida com a equipe multiprofissional.(AU)

This study aimed to understand the experience of illness of adult women (over 30 years) diagnosed with eating disorders (ED). This is a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory study, using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) as theoretical and methodological framework. A sample of six women aged 34-64 years, assisted in a specialized service, were recruited to complete a phenomenological in-depth open interview. The data were remotely collected. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed following the IPA. Two thematic categories were identified: "Living before the illness" and "Finding about the illness." It was found that the symptoms started before adulthood and that there was difficulty establishing the diagnosis. Living with the symptoms became more complicated due to particularities of symptom management in adulthood and age is perceived as a factor that impacts recovery and makes it even more difficult. The participants reported hopelessness about the future, although most recognized improvements in the clinical condition over time and valued the trusting relationship they established with the multiprofessional team.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender las experiencias de las mujeres adultas (mayores de 30 años) diagnosticadas con trastornos alimentarios (TA) respecto a la enfermedad. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, desarrollado a partir del marco teórico y metodológico del Análisis Fenomenológico Interpretativo (AFI). Participaron seis mujeres, con edades de entre 34 y 65 años, atendidas en un servicio especializado. Los datos se recogieron mediante entrevistas abiertas, de inspiración fenomenológica, en la modalidad a distancia. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas en audio, transcritas y analizadas siguiendo los pasos del AFI. Se identificaron dos categorías temáticas: "Vivir antes de enfermar" y "Encontrarse enfermo." Se constató que los síntomas comenzaron antes de la edad adulta y que hubo dificultades de establecer el diagnóstico. La convivencia con síntomas se complicó debido a las particularidades del manejo de los síntomas en la vida adulta y la edad se percibe como un factor que influye y dificulta aún más la recuperación. Los participantes manifestaron desesperanza sobre el futuro, aunque reconocieron mejoras en el cuadro clínico con el paso del tiempo y valoraron la relación de confianza establecida con el equipo multiprofesional.(AU)

Tratamento dos transtornos alimentares: perfil sociodemográfico, desfechos e fatores associados / Eating disorders treatment: sociodemographic profile, outcomes and associated factors

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil dos pacientes com transtornos alimentares (TAs) atendidos por um serviço especializado e investigar os fatores associados ao desfecho do tratamento. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, realizado com dados de pacientes com TAs que fizeram seguimento em um serviço especializado, desde a sua criação, em 1982, até 2019. Foram coletadas informações, nos prontuários médicos, referentes ao primeiro atendimento, de natureza sociodemográfica, clínica e antropométrica, e ao desfecho do tratamento. Resultados: Foram incluídos 271 pacientes. A amostra foi predominantemente do sexo feminino (89,7%), com idade média de 21,5 ± 9 anos, sem companheiro (86,9%) e diagnóstico de anorexia nervosa (AN) (65,7%), e o índice de massa corporal mais frequente foi de magreza (53,9%). A metade dos indivíduos tinha comorbidades psiquiátricas (50,6%), e 88,5% dos pacientes (n = 100) dos 113 prontuários com essa informação realizaram tratamento anterior. O tempo médio de tratamento foi de 2,16 ± 3,25 anos (1 mês a 40 anos). O abandono foi o desfecho terapêutico mais prevalente na amostra (68,3%). O maior tempo de tratamento e a realização de tratamento anterior reduziram a taxa de abandono, de forma significativa (p = 0,0001 e p = 0,0101, respectivamente). Para os pacientes com diagnóstico de transtorno de personalidade, a média de encaminhamento/inassistência foi 4,47 vezes maior (p = 0,0003). Conclusões: O perfil dos pacientes foi composto por mulheres adultas jovens, estudantes, sem companheiro, com AN, magreza e comorbidades psiquiátricas. A taxa de abandono foi elevada, e os fatores associados foram o tempo de tratamento e a realização de tratamento anterior. Além disso, transtornos de personalidade foram associados a encaminhamento para outro serviço e alta por inassistência.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the profile of patients with eating disorders (ED) treated by a specialized service and to investigate the factors associated with the treatment outcome. Methods: Retrospective study, with data from patients with ED who were followed up at a specialized service, since its creation, in 1982, until 2019. Information of a sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric nature and the outcome of the treatment were collected from the medical records regarding the first consultation. Results: Two hundred and seventy one patients were included. The sample was predominantly female (89.7%), with a mean age of 21.5 ± 9 years, without a partner (86.9%), diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (AN) (65.7%) and the most frequent body mass index was thinness (53.9%). Half of the individuals had psychiatric comorbidities (50.6%) and 88.5% (n = 100) of the 113 medical records with this information had undergone previous treatment. The mean treatment time was 2.16 ± 3.25 years (1 month to 40 years). Dropout was the most prevalent therapeutic outcome in the sample (68.3%). Longer treatment time and having undergone previous treatment significantly reduced the dropout rate (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0101, respectively). For patients diagnosed with a personality disorder, the mean referral/lack of assistance was 4.47 times higher (p = 0.0003). Conclusions: The patients' profile consisted of young adult women, students, single, with AN, thinness and psychiatric comorbidities. The dropout rate was high, and the predictors associated with this outcome were treatment time and previous treatment for ED. In addition, personality disorders were associated with referral to another service and discharge due to lack of assistance.

Distúrbios alimentares e seus fatores genéticos: revisão de literatura / Eating disorders and their genetic factors: literature review / Trastornos alimentarios y sus factores genéticos: revisión de la literatura

Diversas condições psiquiátricas apresentam influência de fatores genéticos, e dentre essas condições encontram-se os distúrbios alimentares: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa e transtorno de compulsão alimentar. Os distúrbios previamente citados apresentam influência genética ligadas à hereditariedade, sendo que cada um deles apresenta características distintas quanto às suas manifestações clínicas, tratamento e diagnóstico. A importância da investigação deste tema e seu objetivo relaciona-se com o propósito de contribuir para elucidar quanto às características gerais dos principais distúrbios alimentares e seus fatores genéticos através da: etiologia, sinais e sintomas, diagnóstico e tratamento e que venha a possibilitar, futuramente, novos estudos com resultados para novas medidas terapêuticas. Como base da pesquisa, foi levantada a seguinte problemática: "Quais as características gerais dos principais distúrbios psiquiátricos, etiologia, sinais e sintomas, diagnóstico e tratamento?". Portanto, realizou- se uma uma busca ativa através dos descritores: "transtorno de compulsão alimentar"; "distúrbios alimentares"; "bulimia nervosa" e "anorexia nervosa", adquiriu-se material pelas fontes: SciELO, ELSEVIER, GOOGLE ACADÊMICO, PUBMED, MEDSCAPE e pelo periódico Arquivos e Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR. Com isso, foi adquirido material suficiente para concluir a influência genética perante tais distúrbios, além de elucidar suas principais características, tendo assim caráter educativo e científico.

Several psychiatric conditions have genetic factors influence, and among these conditions are eating disorders: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. The previously mentioned disorders have a genetic influence linked to heredity, each one of them having different characteristics as to their clinical manifestations, treatment and diagnosis. The importance of research on this topic and its objective is related to the purpose of contributing to elucidate the general characteristics of the main eating disorders and their genetic factors through: etiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment and that will make possible, in the future, new studies with results for new therapeutic measures. As a basis for the research, the following issue was raised: "What are the general characteristics of the main psychiatric disorders, etiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment?". Therefore, an active search was carried out through the descriptors: "binge eating disorder"; "eating disorders"; " nervous bulimia" and " nervous anorexia", material was acquired by the sources: SciELO, ELSEVIER, GOOGLE ACADEMIC, PUBMED, MEDSCAPE and by UNIPAR's Archives and Health Sciences. With this, sufficient material was acquired to conclude the genetic influence in the face of such disturbances, besides elucidating its main characteristics, thus having an educational and scientific character.

Varios trastornos psiquiátricos tienen factores genéticos que influyen, y entre estos trastornos se encuentran los trastornos de la alimentación: anorexia nerviosa, bulimia nerviosa y trastorno por atracón. Los trastornos mencionados tienen una influencia genética vinculada a la herencia, cada uno de ellos con características diferentes en cuanto a sus manifestaciones clínicas, tratamiento y diagnóstico. La importancia de la investigación sobre este tema y su objetivo se relaciona con el propósito de contribuir a dilucidar las características generales de los principales trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y sus factores genéticos a través de: etiología, signos y síntomas, diagnóstico y tratamiento y que posibilitarán, en el futuro, nuevos estudios con resultados para nuevas medidas terapéuticas. Como base para la investigación se planteó la siguiente cuestión: "¿Cuáles son las características generales de los principales trastornos psiquiátricos, etiología, signos y síntomas, diagnóstico y tratamiento?". Por lo anterior, se realizó una búsqueda activa a través de los descriptores: "trastorno por atracón"; "trastornos de la conducta alimentaria"; "bulimia nerviosa" y "anorexia nerviosa", material adquirido por las fuentes: SciELO, ELSEVIER, GOOGLE ACADEMIC, PUBMED, MEDSCAPE y por Archivos y Ciencias de la Salud de UNIPAR. Con ello, se adquirió material suficiente para concluir la influencia genética ante tales alteraciones, además de dilucidar sus principales características, teniendo así un carácter educativo y científico.

Remote consultation with people with eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic / Consulta remota a las personas con trastornos alimenticios durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Consulta remota a pessoas com transtornos alimentares durante a pandemia de COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze subjective experiences related to adaptation to remote care by users with eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: a descriptive study with a qualitative approach conducted with users of an eating disorders outpatient clinic. A semi-structured remote interview was applied using the Google Meet application. The data were submitted to lexical analysis using ALCESTE software and discussed in the light of scientific evidence. Results: the remote appointment is a positive strategy but not a substitute for the face-to-face modality. The research cited financial savings, closer contact with professionals, and flexibility of service schedules as advantages. It pointed out the difficulty in clinical evaluation concerning weight, vital signs, and poor mastery of technology as limitations. Final Considerations: the study induces discussion about the systematization of remote care, which, during the COVID-19 pandemic, were responsible for providing a greater sense of support to people with eating disorders.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar experiencias subjetivas relacionadas a la adaptación a la atención remota por usuarios con trastornos alimenticios durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de abordaje cualitativo realizado con usuarios de un ambulatorio especializado en trastornos alimenticios. Fue aplicada una entrevista semiestructurada remota, utilizándose el aplicativo Google Meet. Los datos fueron sometidos al análisis lexical mediante software ALCESTE y discutidos a la luz de las evidencias científicas. Resultados: la consulta remota es una estrategia positiva, pero no substitutiva de la presencial. Ventajas como economía financiera, mayor contacto con los profesionales y flexibilización de horarios de atenciones fueron citadas. Dificultad de evaluación clínica en relación al peso, signos vitales y poco dominio de tecnología fueron apuntados como limitaciones. Consideraciones Finales: el estudio induce la discusión sobre sistematización de atenciones remotas, las cuales, durante la pandemia de COVID-19, fueron responsables por fornecer mayor sensación de soporte a personas con trastornos alimenticios.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar as experiências subjetivas relacionadas à adaptação ao atendimento remoto por usuários com transtornos alimentares durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa realizado com usuários de um ambulatório especializado em transtornos alimentares. Foi aplicada uma entrevista semiestruturada remota, utilizando-se o aplicativo Google Meet. Os dados foram submetidos à análise lexical por meio do software ALCESTE e discutidos à luz das evidências científicas. Resultados: a consulta remota é uma estratégia positiva, mas não substitutiva da modalidade presencial. Vantagens como economia financeira, maior contato com os profissionais e flexibilização de horários de atendimentos foram citadas. Dificuldade de avaliação clínica em relação ao peso, sinais vitais e pouco domínio da tecnologia foram apontados como limitações. Considerações Finais: o estudo induz a discussão sobre sistematização dos atendimentos remotos, os quais, durante a pandemia de COVID-19, foram responsáveis por fornecer maior sensação de suporte às pessoas com transtornos alimentares.

Objectification Theory: Applicability in a Sample of Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil / Teoria da Objetificação: Aplicabilidade em uma Amostra no Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil

Abstract The applicability of objectification theory on undergraduate female students from Rio Grande do Sul was analyzed, examining if the constructs of self-objectification, self-surveillance, appearance anxiety and body shame worked to predict disordered eating and depressive symptomatology. Participants were female undergraduate students from Rio Grande do Sul. Two quantitative, cross-sectional studies were conducted. On the first one (n = 622), the psychometric characteristics of the adapted instruments (English-Portuguese) were evaluated. On the second one, only data provided by Psychology students (n = 371) was used to test the framework using the innovative method of Bayesian Networks. Results indicate that the tested variables predict outcomes related to depression and eating disorders, partially explaining the gender disparity in the development of these pathologies. Objectification theory is useful to understand how the phenomenon can affect the mental health of Brazilian women.

Resumo Analisou-se a aplicabilidade da teoria da objetificação em universitárias do Rio Grande do Sul, examinando as variáveis objetificação do self, automonitoramento corporal, ansiedade de aparência e vergonha corporal como possíveis preditoras de sintomatologia associada à transtornos alimentares e depressivos. Trata-se de dois estudos quantitativos, de corte transversal. No primeiro (n = 622), avaliou-se as características psicométricas dos instrumentos adaptados (Inglês-Português). No segundo, usou-se apenas dados de estudantes de Psicologia (n = 371) para testar a estrutura através do método inovador de Redes Bayesianas. Os resultados indicam que as variáveis testadas predizem desfechos ligados a depressão e transtornos alimentares, explicando parcialmente a disparidade de gênero no acometimento destas patologias. A teoria mostra-se útil para entender como o fenômeno pode afetar a saúde mental de brasileiras.

Síntomas conductuales y emocionales de adolescentes que consultan a un programa especializado de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria / Behavioural and Emotional Symptoms of Adolescents Consulting a Specialised Eating Disorders Programme

RESUMEN Introducción: Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) son afecciones complejas de origen multifactorial que tienen como principal característica la preocupación excesiva por el peso y la forma del cuerpo, que causa gran malestar y afectación física llevando a una disminución de la calidad de vida y alteraciones de la funcionalidad del paciente y su entorno social. El objetivo de este estudio es describir los síntomas de orden emocional y conductual de los adolescentes que consultan en la ciudad de Bogotá a un programa especializado en TCA. Métodos: Estudio observacional y descriptivo de corte transversal, para el que se reclutó a pacientes de 11-19 arios con diagnóstico de TCA. Resultados: Se incluyeron 40 pacientes con diagnóstico de TCA, el 92% mujeres. El promedio de edad de los pacientes fue 16,6 ± 1,9 años. El 57% de los pacientes viven en hogar biparental y el 30%, en hogar monoparental. El 72% de la población tenía un rendimiento académico excelente. El 50% de los pacientes estaban moderadamente enfermos. El 60% estaba en tratamiento farmacológico con ISRS. El 65% de los pacientes cumplían criterios clínicos de trastorno de ansiedad; el 30%, de trastorno depresivo; el 22,5%, de problemas de agresividad, y el 17,5%, de conducta delictiva. El 72,5% de la muestra muestra criterios clínicos de síntomas internalizantes y el 42,5%, de síntomas externalizantes, y la mayoría de ellos son pacientes con diagnóstico de bulimia nerviosa. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con bulimia nerviosa obtuvieron en los diferentes síntomas de orden emocional y conductual puntuaciones superiores que con los demás trastornos alimentarios. Esta entidad ofrece mayor psicopatología, la cual se debe examinar rigurosamente al momento de la atención clínica, buscando disminuir el impacto funcional que estos síntomas generan en el individuo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Eating disorders (EDs) are complex conditions of multifactorial origin. Their main characteristic is excessive concern about body weight and shape, which causes great discomfort and physical problems and leads to a decrease in quality of life and alterations in the patient's functionality social environment. The objective of this study is to describe the emotional and behavioural symptoms of adolescents who consult a specialised ED programme in the city of Bogota. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study, for which patients between 11 and 19 years old with an ED diagnosis were recruited. Results: Forty patients with an ED diagnosis were included, of which 92% were female. The mean age of the patients was 16.6 ± 1.9 years; 57% of patients live in a two-parent home and 30% in a single-parent home; 72% of the sample had excellent academic performance; 50% were moderately ill; 60% received pharmacological management with SSRIs; 65% of patients met clinical criteria for anxiety disorder, 30% for depressive disorder; 22.5% had aggression problems; 17.5% criminal behaviour; 72.5% of the sample met clinical criteria for internalising symptoms and 42.5% for externalising symptoms, the majority being patients with a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa. Conclusions: Patients with bulimia nervosa obtained higher scores in the different emotional and behavioural symptoms than those with other eating disorders. This condition is associated with greater psychopathology, which must be examined rigorously at the time of clinical care, seeking to reduce the functional impact that these symptoms generate on the individual.

Aportaciones empíricas a un modelo teórico-práctico de prevención de anorexia y bulimia nerviosas basado en el nivel de riesgo / Empirical contributions a theoretical-practical model for prevention of anorexia y bulimia nervosas based on the risk level

Resumen En la actualidad existe evidencia suficiente de los efectos de los programas de prevención de anorexia y bulimia nerviosas evidencia que se ha documentado mediante trabajos de meta-análisis o revisiones sistematizadas. Particularmente en México, se han evaluado diferentes estrategias de prevención que aportan conocimiento valioso al tema. Por lo anterior, objetivo fue proponer un modelo de prevención de anorexia y bulimia basado en el nivel de riesgo, y sustentarlo mediante aportaciones empíricas. Dichas aportaciones permiten concluir que el modelo teórico-práctico representa una herramienta útil para implementar los programas de prevención, una vez identificado el nivel de riesgo e implementando la categoría adecuada (universal, selectiva e indicada) con el propósito de eliminar o disminuir los factores de riesgo o sintomatología asociada a imagen corporal y conductas alimentarias de riesgo. Así también, se puede disminuir el efecto iatrogénico asociado a estos programas. Finalmente se concluye que es la prevención selectiva la que presenta los mejores resultados.

Abstract Nowdays, there's enough evidence of the effects of Eating Disorders Prevention Programs, evidence that has been documented through meta-analysis or systematic reviews. Particularly in Mexico, different prevention strategies that provide valuable knowledge to the subject has been evaluated. Therefore, the objective was it propose a model of anorexia y bulimia prevention based on the level of risk, sustain it through empirical contributions. These contributions, allows to conclude that the theorical-practical model represents a helpful tool to implement prevention programs, at once the leve lof risk is identified and implementing the appropiate category (selective,universal and indicated) with the purpose of eliminating or decrease the risk factors or symptomatology related with body image and risky eating behaviors. Also the iatrogenic effects associated with these programs can be reduced. Finally, it is concluded that is selective prevention that presents the best results.

Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en jóvenes diagnosticados con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria que reciben terapia cognitivo conductual / Health-Related Quality of life in Youth Diagnosed with Eating Disorders Receiving Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Resumen: Antecedentes: se ha observado baja calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en pacientes con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, pero poco se sabe acerca de cómo inciden los tratamientos, tal como la terapia cognitivo conductual, desde las percepciones y experiencias de los pacientes. Objetivo: explorar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en jóvenes diagnosticados con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria que reciben terapia cognitivo conductual. Materiales y métodos: estudio cualitativo con metodología de casos múltiples y muestreo intencional de cinco jóvenes que recibían terapia cognitivo conductual para trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en dos programas de tratamiento de la ciudad de Medellín, a los cuales se les realizó una entrevista a profundidad relacionada con la calidad de vida respecto a la salud. Resultados: aunque la terapia cognitivo conductual generó restricciones en la vida de los participantes al inicio del tratamiento, se observaron mejoras en diferentes ámbitos de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud a medida que este avanzaba: capacidad para hacer cosas, moverse o cuidarse a sí mismo; habilidades cognitivas y académicas; estado emocional; relaciones sociales; percepción de sí mismo y percepción del estado de salud, incluyendo la salud mental. Conclusión: los participantes mejoraron su calidad de vida relacionada con la salud progresivamente, como resultado de la terapia cognitivo conductual, tanto por la reducción de las problemáticas asociadas a trastornos de la conducta alimentaria como por el incremento de habilidades para la vida.

Abstract: Background: Low health-related quality of life has been observed in patients with eating disorders, but little is known about how treatments, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, impact the perceptions and experiences of patients. Objective: To explore the health-related quality of life in youth diagnosed with eating disorders receiving cognitive behavioral therapy. Materials and Methods: Qualitative study with multiple case methodology and intentional sampling of five youth receiving cognitive behavioral therapy for eating disorders in two treatment programs in the city of Medellín. These youth were given an in-depth interview related to health-related quality of life. Results: Although cognitive behavioral therapy created restrictions in the lives of the participants at the beginning of the treatment, improvements were observed in different areas of health-related quality of life, as treatment progressed: the ability to do things, move or take care of oneself; cognitive and academic skills; emotional state; social relationships; self-perception and health status perception, including mental health. Conclusion: The participants progressively improved their health-related quality of life as a result of cognitive behavioral therapy, both by reducing the problems associated with eating disorders and by increasing life skills.

Eating disorders are associated with adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review

Objective: To systematically review the literature focusing on obstetric and perinatal outcomes in women with previous or current eating disorders (EDs) and on the consequences of maternal EDs for the offspring. Methods: The study was performed following the systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. PubMed, SciELO, and Cochrane databases were searched for non-interventional studies published in English or Portuguese from January 1980 to December 2020. Risk of bias was assessed using the Methods guide for effectiveness and comparative effectiveness reviews (American Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality). Results: The search yielded 441 records, and 30 articles were included. The psychiatric outcome associated with EDs in women was mainly perinatal depression. The most prevalent obstetric outcomes observed in women with EDs were vomiting, hyperemesis, bleeding, and anemia. Most studies found maternal anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa to be associated with low birth weight and slow fetal growth. Women with binge EDs delivered children with increased birth weight. Of the 30 studies included, methodological quality was good in seven, fair in eight, and poor in 15 studies. Conclusion: A considerable body of evidence was reviewed to assess obstetric and perinatal outcomes in EDs. Acute and lifetime EDs, especially if severe, correlated with poor perinatal, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes. Obstetricians and general practitioners should be vigilant and screen for EDs during pregnancy.