Choroidal ganglioneuromas in Francois variant neurofibromatosis-1: A rare retinoblastoma mimic

Neurofibromtosis-1 (NF-1) is the commonest oculo-neuro-cutaneous syndrome with multiple ocular manifestations. Reporting three children who presented with unilateral glaucoma (buphthalmos), ipsilateral facial hemihypertrophy, and eyelid plexiform neurofibroma: completing the triad of François syndrome, a rare NF1 variant. Two presented with leukocoria and were referred to as retinoblastoma suspects. Histopathology showed ganglioneuroma, a benign choroidal tumor, associated with NF-1, which does not need treatment. Knowledge of this rare condition avoids misdiagnosis of retinoblastoma, prevents aggressive management, and the associated psychological impact.

Xantogranuloma juvenil diseminado con buftalmos, hipema, aumento de presión ocular, en una niña de 4 meses de edad / Disseminated juvenile xanthogranuloma with buphthalmos, hyphema, high intraocular pressure, on a tour month-old infant girl

El xantogranuloma juvenil es un tumor benigno secundario a una proliferación de células histiocíticas que se presenta en lactantes y niños; su aparición en adultos es ocasional. Se inicia en forma repentina por la aparición de lesiones cutáneas papulonodulares rojizo anaranjadas, redondeadas, de 2 a 6 mm, que se localizan preferentemente en cara y parte superior del cuerpo. Se resuelve en forma espontánea en un período variable. Las lesiones suelen estar limitadas a la piel pero pueden tener otra localización. La ocular es una de las que puede presentar severas complicaciones que incluyen glaucoma, hipema, proptosis y amaurosis como en la paciente de 4 meses que presentamos.

Juvenile xantogranuloma (JXG) is a benign tumor due to the prolifera-tion of histiocytic cells, which appears in infants and children and occasionanlly in adults. It has a sudden onset which consists of erythematous or yellowish, papulonodular, slightly raised lesions, with a diameter varying from 2 to 6 mm. It is usually located on the face and upper part of the body, and has a spontaneous remission in a variable period of time. Although lesions are usually limited to the skin, other organs may be involved. Ocular involvement may lead to severe complications including glaucoma, hyphema, proptosis and blindness, as the four months-old patient we report.

Glaucoma congénito / Congenital glaucoma

El glaucoma congénito es una enfermedad rara cuya incidencia exacta es difícil de determinar, la mayoría de los pacientes no se manifiestan al nacimiento a causa de la pequeña producción de humor acuoso en los primeros meses. La aparición precoz tienen un mal pronóstico, estos pacientes tiene un drenaje tan alterado que ni siquiera pueden manejar la escasa cantidad de humor acuoso producida por el ojo del neonato. Se describe un paciente con glaucoma congénito diagnosticado en la etapa de lactante cuya alteración más significativa resultó ser en agrandamiento antero posterior del globo ocular.

The congenital glaucoma is a strange disease whose exact incidence is difficult to determine, most of the patients are not declareed at birth because of the small production of aqueous humor in the first months. The precocious apparition has a bad prognosis, these patients have such an altered drainage that they cannot even manage the scarce quantity of aqueous humor produced by the eye of the neonate. A patient is described with congenital glaucoma diagnosed in the lactation stage whose most significant alteration turned out to be in the anteroposterior enlargement of the eyeball.