ABSTRACT
The Present paper deals with the herbicide Butachlor (5,10 ,20,40 and 80ppm)-induced changes in physiological and biochemical parameters related to photosynthesis and defense systems in paddy field cyanobacterium Plectonema boryanum grown under laboratory conditions. Growth and photosynthetic pigments, i.e., chlorophyll a and carotenoids were adversely affected by Butachlor treatment and the inhibition was found to be dose dependent. The toxic effect of Butachlor was more pronounced protein; however, a considerable reduction in chlorophyll a, and carotenoids was also noticed. Furthermore, Butachlor with increasing doses accelerated the formation of active oxygen species, i.e., O2- and H2O2, in cells progressively. As a consequence of active oxygen species (AOS) generation in Butachlor -treated cells, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) was enhanced considerably. Besides the accelerated action of enzymatic defense systems, Protein damage also showed an increasing trend with the rising concentration of Butachlor (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ppm).
ABSTRACT
Freshwater cat fish Clarias batrachus was exposed to Butachlor, Imidacloprid and Sodium fluoride with lethal and sub-lethal concentration for 72 hrs and 21 days durations. Protein changes in liver and muscles were analyzed after exposure period. Imidacloprid and sodium fluoride caused remarkable protein loss lethal concentration but at sub-lethal level their toxicity was moderate. But Butachlor caused remarkable protein loss at lethal as well as sublethal conentartion.
ABSTRACT
Chloracetanilide herbicides (alachlor, butachlor, metachlor) are used widely. Although there are much data about chronic low dose exposure to chloracetanilide in humans and animals, there are few data about acute chloracetanilide poisoning in humans. This study investigated the clinical feature of patients following acute oral exposure to chloracetanilide. We retrospectively reviewed the data on the patients who were admitted to two university hospitals from January 2006 to December 2010. Thirty-five patients were enrolled. Among them, 28, 5, and 2 cases of acute alachlor, metachlor, butachlor poisoning were included. The mean age was 49.8 +/- 15.4 yr. The poison severity score (PSS) was 17 (48.6%), 10 (28.6%), 5 (14.3%), 2 (5.7%), and 1 (2.9%) patients with a PSS of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The age was higher for the symptomatic patients (1-4 PSS) than that for the asymptomatic patients (0 PSS) (43.6 +/- 15.2 vs 55.7 +/- 13.5). The arterial blood HCO3 was lower in the symptomatic patients (1-4 PSS) than that in the asymptomatic patients (0 PSS). Three patients were a comatous. One patient died 24 hr after the exposure. In conclusion, although chloracetanilide poisoning is usually of low toxicity, elder patients with central nervous system symptoms should be closely monitored and cared after oral exposure.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acetamides/poisoning , Acetanilides/poisoning , Acute Disease , Bicarbonates/blood , Central Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Herbicides/poisoning , Poisoning/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Suicide, AttemptedABSTRACT
Butachlor, a selective systemic herbicide, was isolated, analyzed and detected in viscera obtained from medi-colegal autopsy. Butachlor was extracted by using solvent extraction methods and then identified by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). For chromatographic separation, various solvent systems were used. Bromophenol blue was used as chromogenic reagent on developed TLC plates which successfully increased the sensitivity without dispensing with the simplicity of the method. For the study, a total of 15 solvent systems in different ratios were chosen. Of these, the best two solvent systems, namely, Benzene:Diethyl ether (8.5:1.5) and Hexane: Acetone (9:1) were chosen for statistical analysis, which included the calculation of mean Rf value and value of standard deviation and coefficient of variance.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the toxicity of herbicide,butachlor,to myocardium of Bufo bufo gargarizans. Methods One hundred and sixty Bufo bufo gargarizans were randomly divided into control group,paddy goup,5 times paddy group,10 times paddy group,forty in each group and the exposure was conducted in the experimental containers at the concentrations of 1,5,10 times of the application dosages( 5,10,30 ml/L) ,1/2 of the body of Bufo bufo gargarizans was immersed in the sulotion. After 3,6,9 days of exposure,electrocardiogram was recorded using calculator living creature signal analysis system and the structures of atrium muscle and ventricles muscle were observed with HE stain. Results The structure of myocardial cells of Bufo bufo gargarizans was damaged by butachlor with different levels. Pathological examination showed that the myocardial cells appeared necrosis in different degrees with the increasing doses of butachlor. Butachlor could affact the eletrocardiogram of Bufo bufo gargarizans with obvious dose-time-dependent manner,time-dependent manner was even dominant. Abnormal electrocardiogram was seen,P-R and Q-T changed. Conclusion Butachlor exposure can damage the structure and eletrocardiogram of myocardial cell in Bufo bufo gargarizans.