ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Fundamento: un tercio del total de muertes que ocurren en el mundo, por enfermedades no transmisibles, se deben a las enfermedades cardiovasculares que constituyen la primera causa de muerte a nivel mundial y en Cuba. Objetivo: caracterizar la mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares en Cuba ocurridas en el período 2009-2018. Métodos: se realizó un estudio ecológico. Se utilizaron los anuarios estadísticos, publicados por el Ministerio de Salud Pública de Cuba y la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE-10). Se consideraron las tasas de mortalidad por enfermedades del corazón y su comportamiento por provincias, así como, las tasas de mortalidad por enfermedades del sistema circulatorio y su distribución por grupo de edades. Las tasas usadas fueron las brutas. Resultados: en Cuba las enfermedades del sistema circulatorio aportan una tasa de mortalidad entre 299,4 y 360,0 por 100 000 habitantes con tendencia al incremento. Las tasas de mortalidad para las enfermedades del corazón y de las arterias, arteriolas y vasos capilares, desde el año 2009 hasta el 2018, fueron superiores en los hombres. En cuanto a las enfermedades cerebrovasculares excedieron en las mujeres, excepto en los años 2014, 2016-2018. En el año 2013 y 2015 fueron muy similares para ambos sexos. Dentro de las enfermedades cardiovasculares las del corazón aportaron más años de vida perdidos, secundadas por las cerebrovasculares y en menor magnitud las de las arterias, arteriolas y vasos capilares. Conclusiones: las enfermedades cardiovasculares son un grave problema de salud por lo cual se hace necesario accionar sobre las causas que las originan, para ganar en la percepción de riesgo cardiovascular, en la responsabilidad de cada persona y en el auto cuidado de la salud.
ABSTRACT Background: a third of the total deaths that occur in the world, due to non-transmissible diseases, are due to cardiovascular diseases. They constitute the first cause of death worldwide and in Cuba. Objective: to characterize the mortality from cardiovascular diseases in Cuba that occurred in the period 2009-2018. Methods: an ecological study was carried out. Statistical yearbooks published by the Cuban Ministry of Public Health and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) were used. Mortality rates from heart diseases and their behavior by provinces were considered, as well as mortality rates from diseases of the circulatory system and their distribution by age group. The rates used were gross. Results: in Cuba, diseases of the circulatory system provide a mortality rate between 299.4 and 360.0 per 100 000 inhabitants with a tendency to increase. Mortality rates for diseases of the heart and arteries, arterioles, and capillaries, from 2009 to 2018, were higher in men. Regarding stroke diseases, they exceeded in women, except in the years 2014, 2016-2018. In 2013 and 2015 they were very similar for both sexes. Within cardiovascular diseases, heart diseases contributed more potentially lost years of life, supported by stroke diseases and to a lesser extent those of arteries, arterioles and capillaries. Conclusions: cardiovascular diseases continue to be a serious health problem, which is why it is necessary to act on the causes that cause them, gaining in the perception of cardiovascular risk and in the responsibility, of each person, in the self-care of the health.
ABSTRACT
O avanço da tecnologia permitiu que a propedêutica pré-operatória, a monitorização e a terapêutica se tornassem mais adequadas para os cardiopatas, que são, cada vez mais, submetidos aos mais complexos procedimentos cirúrgicos. A avaliação pré-anestésica é fundamental em todos os pacientes, no intuito de oferecer o melhor cuidado possível.A integração entre o anestesista, o cardiologista e o cirurgião é essencial para o sucesso no tratamento. Com o objetivo de se predizer o risco cardíaco e, mais importante que isto, formular estratégias para melhorar o estado clínico no pré-operatório, vários índices foram elaborados e reavaliados, apresentando boa correlação. O clínico envolvido no tratamento de pacientes cardiopatas deve conhecer as interações medicamentosas, exames pré-operatórios necessários e a conduta perioperatória adequada para cada situação específica.
The advancement of technology allowed the preoperative workup, monitoring and therapy to become more suitable for cardiac patients, who are increasingly undergoing the most complex surgical procedures. The pre-anesthetic evaluation is essential in all patients in order to provide the best possible care. The integration between the anesthesiologist, the cardiologist and surgeon is essential for a successful treatment. In order to predict cardiac risk and, more important than this, to formulate strategies to improve the preoperative clinical status, several indices have been prepared and reviewed, showing good correlation. The clinician involved in treating patients with heart disease should be aware of drug interactions, necessary preoperative tests and perioperative management appropriate for each specific situation.