Estudio de caso sobre salud y población femenina ocupada como manifestación del envejecimiento poblacional en Villa Clara / Case study on health and employed female population as population aging manifestation in Villa Clara

RESUMEN Fundamento: El comportamiento de la mortalidad y morbilidad de la población femenina ocupada, es relevante por el rol de la mujer en lo laboral y familiar en un contexto envejecido. Objetivo: Analizar el comportamiento de la mortalidad y morbilidad de la población femenina ocupada en la Empresa Contratista General de Obras de Villa Clara. Metodología: El análisis documental de datos oficiales sobre la mortalidad femenina condujo a realizar un estudio de caso en la Empresa Contratista General de Obras de Villa Clara, mediante el trabajo grupal y la aplicación de la escala de autovaloración Dembo-Rubistein. Resultados: La mayor morbilidad y discapacidad de las mujeres se justifica por los patrones de socialización, roles familiares, obligaciones, expectativas laborales y tipos de ocupación que generan situaciones de sobrecarga física y emocional con marcada influencia en su salud. Conclusiones: En las condiciones actuales se hace necesario atender a la mujer más allá de su salud reproductiva y tener en cuenta el costo que para ella, la familia y la sociedad representa, el tener que asumir determinados roles como cargos de dirección, el ser trabajadora, jefas de hogar, cuidadoras, lo que puede ocasionar una sobrecarga psicológica, física y de su salud en general.

ABSTRACT Background: The mortality and morbidity behavior in employed female population is significant due to the role of women regarding work and family matters in an aging context. Objective: To analyze the mortality and morbidity behavior in employed female population at the Villa Clara General Work Contractor Enterprise. Methodology: The documentary analysis of official data on female mortality led to a case study at the Villa Clara General Work Contractor Enterprise, through group work and the application of the Dembo-Rubistein self-assessment scale. Results: The greater morbidity and disability of women is justified by socialization patterns, family roles, responsibilities, job expectations and types of occupation that generate some physical and emotional overload conditions with a marked influence on their health. Conclusions: At present, it is essential to give attention to women outside their reproductive health, also consider the cost that family and society represents for her, assuming different roles such as management positions, being a worker, heads of household, caregivers, which can produce a general psychological, physical and health overload.

La autopsia y la correlación clínico patológica: un ejercicio que fortalece a la medicina / The autopsy and pathological clinical correlation: an exercise that strengthens medicine

RESUMEN Fundamento: los índices de discrepancia y coincidencia de las causas de muerte entre el diagnóstico clínico y morfológico constituyen de forma indirecta, un indicador de calidad de la atención médica. Objetivo: describir la importancia de la autopsia así como elementos generales de la correlación clínico patológica. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en idiomas español e inglés en las bases de datos PubMed, Hinari y SciELO desde el año 2000 a 2019 de las cuales se obtuvieron 58 documentos publicados, de ellos se seleccionaron 27 (10 trabajos originales, 12 revisiones, tres tesis y dos libros). Resultados: la autopsia permite la comparación de los hallazgos clínicos con los morfológicos, se considera que representa el complemento final de la investigación clínica. Visto así, la autopsia no es una medida simplemente correctiva de diagnósticos equivocados con fines estadísticos, sino una vigilante del procedimiento y de las técnicas de diagnóstico y de refinamiento del conocimiento. Conclusiones: el análisis sistemático de los errores y aciertos constituye un caudal inagotable de posibilidades para tratar mejor a cada nuevo paciente.

ABSTRACT Background: the discrepancy indexes and the coincidence of the causes of death in clinical and morphological diagnosis are, in an indirect way, indicators of the quality of medical care. Objective: to describe the importance of the autopsy, as well as general aspects of the clinical-pathological correlation. Methods: a literature review in Spanish and English was carried out in PubMed, Hinari and SciELO databases from 2000 to 2019; 58 published documents were obtained, of which 27 were selected (10 original research articles, 12 reviews, 3 theses and 2 books). Results: autopsy allows the comparison of clinical and morphological findings; it is considered the final complement of the clinical investigation. As such, the autopsy is not simply a corrective measure of misdiagnosis with statistical purposes, but a monitoring of diagnosis procedures and techniques and knowledge refining. Conclusions: the systematic analysis of mistakes and successes is an inexhaustible source of possibilities to better treat every new patient.

Mortality by occupation and industry among Japanese men in the 2015 fiscal year

BACKGROUND@#Although previous studies have underscored some unique inequalities in occupational mortality in Japan, many of these trends have been dramatically altered during recent decades. We analyzed mortality data by occupation and industry in Japan, to determine whether differences remained by the mid-2010s for men in working-age population.@*METHODS@#We calculated age-standardized all-cause and cause-specific mortality, according to occupation and industry, among men aged 25-64 years in the 2015 fiscal year (1 April 2015 to 31 March 2016). Occupational and industry-specific categories were defined using the Japan Standard Occupational Classification and Japan Standard Industrial Classification, respectively. Age-standardized mortality rates were computed using 5-year age intervals. Mortality rate ratios adjusted for age and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Poisson regression. Cause-specific deaths were classified into four broad groups (cancers [C00-D48], cardiovascular diseases [I00-I99], external causes [V01-Y98], and all other diseases) based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10).@*RESULTS@#Clear mortality differences were identified by both occupation and industry among Japanese males. All-cause mortality ranged from 53.7 (clerical workers) to 240.3 (service workers) per 100,000 population for occupation and from 54.3 (workers in education) to 1169.4 (workers in mining) for industry. In relative terms, service workers and agriculture, forestry, and fishing workers had 2.89 and 2.50 times higher all-cause mortality than sales workers. Administrative and managerial workers displayed higher mortality risk (1.86; 95% CI 1.76-1.97) than sales workers. Similar patterns of broad cause-specific mortality inequality were identified in terms of both absolute and relative measures, and all broad cause-specific deaths contributed to the differences in mortality by occupation and industry.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Substantial differences in mortality among Japanese male workers, according to occupation and industry, were still present in 2015.