Decreased CD1a + and CD83 + cells in tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma regardless of HPV status

Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that play a critical role in the immune response against human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and represent a therapeutic target in cancer. Objective: To identify and quantify DCs in tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) under the influence of HPV infection. Methodology: CD1a and CD83 antibodies were used to identify immature dendritic cells and mature dendritic cells by immunohistochemistry in 33 primary TSCC and 10 normal tonsils (NTs), respectively. For the TSCC samples, the number of DCs per area was evaluated in the intra- and peritumoral compartments. For the NTs, the quantification of DCs was evaluated in the intra- and peritonsillar compartments. HPV detection methods were determined according to the ASCO Clinical Practice Guidelines from the College of American Pathologists Guideline (2018). Results: There were fewer intratumoral CD1a+ DCs in the HPV-positive and HPV-negative TSCC groups than in the NT group (p<0.05). In the peritumoral compartment, there were fewer CD83+ DCs in the HPV-positive and HPV-negative TSCC groups than in the NT group (p<0.001). The quantification of DCs subtypes showed no statistical differences between HPV-positive and HPV-negative TSCC groups (p>0.137). Patients with HPV-positive TSCC had significantly better overall survival rate than those with HPV-negative TSCC (p=0.004). Conclusion: Tumor activity contributes to DC depletion regardless of intralesional HPV positivity. An improved prognosis has been reported in patients with HPV-positive TSCC.

Análise de células dendríticas, mastócitos e vascularização na doença periodontal biofilme induzida em idosos / Analysis of dendritic cells, mast cells and vasculature in biofilm-induced periodontal disease in the elderly

A microbiota e o sistema imune do idoso apresentam algumas alterações, favorecendo ao aparecimento de infecções e doenças inflamatórias. A doença periodontal é um exemplo, permeando entre fase imediata e tardia, pode ter alterações em sua evolução com o envelhecimento humano. Compreender a doença periodontal e sua relação com o ciclo da vida é importante para a prevenção, tratamento e cura. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a quantidade de mastócitos (triptase), células dendríticas imaturas (CD1a), células dendríticas maduras (CD83) e vasos sanguíneos (CD34) em 154 tecidos periodontais saudáveis e doentes (27 idosos e 127 adultos). Foi utilizada a técnica de imunoistoquímica através da imunomarcação do CD1a, CD83, triptase e CD34, sendo contabilizados em 5 campos de maior número de células positivas, no aumento de 1000x. Para o CD34, ainda foram calculadas a área e o perímetro microvascular para todos os vasos sanguíneos presentes, e dos vasos com presença do endotélio vascular alto. Não houve diferença na imunomarcação das células dendríticas, dos mastócitos e na quantidade de vasos sanguíneos nos tecidos gengivais, entre os casos de gengiva clinicamente saudável, gengivite induzida por biofilme e periodontite estágios II, III e IV, avaliando isoladamente os grupos etários: adultos e idosos. As células dendríticas imaturas são mais numerosas no idoso com o quadro clínico de gengivite e periodontite. Os adultos com gengivite induzida por biofilme possuem maior quantidade de vasos sanguíneos que o grupo idoso. A área microvascular e o perímetro microvascular dos vasos sanguíneos com o endotélio vascular alto apresentaram maiores nos idosos nos casos de gengivite. Este estudo concluiu que nesta amostra não houve diferença na quantidade de células dendríticas imaturas e maduras, mastócitos na doença periodontal dentro dos grupos etário, porém as células dendríticas imaturas estão mais presentes no idoso podendo estar relacionado a algum decréscimo funcional. Em relação aos vasos sanguíneos, há presença de HEVs em adultos e idosos, não havendo diferença entre os diagnósticos. Nos idosos com gengivite há um aumento da área microvascular e perímetro microvascular, necessitando de estudos que justifiquem esta diferença (AU).

The elderly's microbiota and immune system show some changes, favoring the onset of infections and inflammatory diseases. Periodontal disease is an example, permeating between immediate and adaptative stages, it can have changes in its evolution with human aging. Understanding periodontal disease and its relationship with the life cycle is important for prevention, treatment and cure. This study aims to assess the amount of mast cells (tryptase), immature dendritic cells (CD1a), mature dendritic cells (CD83) and blood vessels (CD34) in 154 healthy and sick periodontal tissues (27 elderly and 127 adults). The immunohistochemistry technique was used through the immunostaining of CD1a, CD83, tryptase and CD34, being counted in 5 fields with a greater number of positive cells, in the 1000x increase. For CD34, the microvascular area and perimeter were also calculated for all blood vessels present, and for vessels with the presence of high vascular endothelium. There was no difference in the immunostaining of dendritic cells, mast cells and the amount of blood vessels in the gingival tissues, between cases of clinically healthy gingiva, biofilm-induced gingivitis and stages II, III and IV periodontitis, evaluating the age groups: adults and elderly. Immature dendritic cells are more numerous in the elderly with the clinical picture of gingivitis and periodontitis. Adults with biofilm-induced gingivitis have a greater amount of blood vessels than the elderly group. The microvascular area and the microvascular perimeter of the blood vessels with the high vascular endothelium were larger in the elderly in cases of gingivitis. This study concluded that in this sample there was no difference in the amount of immature and mature dendritic cells, mast cells in periodontal disease within the age groups, however, immature dendritic cells are more present in the elderly and may be related to some functional decrease. Regarding blood vessels, there are HEVs in adults and the elderly, with no difference between diagnoses. In the elderly with gingivitis there is an increase in the microvascular area and microvascular perimeter, requiring studies that justify this difference (AU).

Erdheim-Chester disease with multisystemic involvement: a diagnostic challenge

Erdheim–Chester disease (ECD) is a rare, non-inherited, non- Langerhans form of histiocytosis of unknown origin, first described in 1930. This entity is defined by a mononuclear infiltrate consisting of lipid laden, foamy histiocytes that stain positively for CD68. Individuals affected by this disease are typically adults between their 4th and 6th decades of life. The multi systemic form of ECD is associated with significant morbidity, which may arise due to histiocytic infiltration of critical organ systems. Among the more common sites of involvement are the skeleton, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, lungs, kidneys (retroperitoneum) and skin. The most common presenting symptom of ECD is bone pain. Bilateral symmetric increased tracer uptake on 99mTc bone scintigraphy affecting the periarticular regions of the long bones is highly suggestive of ECD. However, definite diagnosis of ECD is established only once CD68(+), CD1a(−) histiocytes are identified within a biopsy specimen with aid of clinical and radiological data. Here we present a rare case of Erdheim-Chester disease in a 46 year male patient based on clinical data, radiological data, histopathological and immunohistochemistry findings.

Homozygosity for the CD1E*02 allele is associated with a resistance to Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection in Gabonese school children

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the possible association between polymorphisms in CD1 genes and both asymptomatic and mild Plasmodium falciparum infection.@*METHODS@#Two clusters of 85 school children, from the village of Dienga (Gabon) were investigated. The first group was analysed for the prevalence and the multiplicity of asymptomatic P. falciparum infection, whereas the second group was screened for the frequency of malarial attacks.@*RESULTS@#Our findings showed that homozygosity for the CD1E*02 allele was associated with a low frequency of malarial attacks. Furthermore, a strong association between CD1E*02 homozygotes and the resistance to multiple malarial attacks was identified. The CD1A*01 allele showed a weak association with a small number of malarial attacks.@*CONCLUSION@#Our results suggest a possible role of CD1E polymorphisms in malaria protection among school children and that CD1e molecules are involved in anti-malarial immunity.

Homozygosity for the CD1E*02 allele is associated with a resistance to Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection in Gabonese school children

Objective To explore the possible association between polymorphisms in CD1 genes and both asymptomatic and mild Plasmodium falciparum infection. Methods Two clusters of 85 school children, from the village of Dienga (Gabon) were investigated. The first group was analysed for the prevalence and the multiplicity of asymptomatic P. falciparum infection, whereas the second group was screened for the frequency of malarial attacks. Results Our findings showed that homozygosity for the CD1E*02 allele was associated with a low frequency of malarial attacks. Furthermore, a strong association between CD1E*02 homozygotes and the resistance to multiple malarial attacks was identified. The CD1A*01 allele showed a weak association with a small number of malarial attacks. Conclusion Our results suggest a possible role of CD1E polymorphisms in malaria protection among school children and that CD1e molecules are involved in anti-malarial immunity.

Isolated Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in an Infant Diagnosed by CD1a Immunostaining of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells: A Case Report and Literature Review / 임상소아혈액종양

Isolated pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a very rare disease in childhood. We report a case of a 5-month-old girl with isolated pulmonary LCH, who was transferred due to incidental chest x-ray finding of multiple cystic lesions without any clinical symptoms. Chest computed tomography (CT) finding suggested that pulmonary LCH was likely, but evaluations including lung biopsy were negative. At a follow-up visit three months later, we performed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid analysis and confirmed the presence of CD1a-positive cells, thereby confirming diagnosis of pulmonary LCH. After completing eight months of chemotherapy, yearly follow-up evaluations were performed and there has been no evidence of reactivation of the disease for four years. Based on our case, we suggest that BAL with immunohistochemical staining can be a valuable modality to eliminate the possibility of infection and other infiltrating disorders, and diagnose pulmonary LCH in case of suspicious pulmonary lesions.

Isolated Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in an Infant Diagnosed by CD1a Immunostaining of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells: A Case Report and Literature Review / 임상소아혈액종양

Isolated pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a very rare disease in childhood. We report a case of a 5-month-old girl with isolated pulmonary LCH, who was transferred due to incidental chest x-ray finding of multiple cystic lesions without any clinical symptoms. Chest computed tomography (CT) finding suggested that pulmonary LCH was likely, but evaluations including lung biopsy were negative. At a follow-up visit three months later, we performed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid analysis and confirmed the presence of CD1a-positive cells, thereby confirming diagnosis of pulmonary LCH. After completing eight months of chemotherapy, yearly follow-up evaluations were performed and there has been no evidence of reactivation of the disease for four years. Based on our case, we suggest that BAL with immunohistochemical staining can be a valuable modality to eliminate the possibility of infection and other infiltrating disorders, and diagnose pulmonary LCH in case of suspicious pulmonary lesions.

Study on the endometrial dendritic cells populations during the normal menstrual cycle / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the number and distribution of dendritic cells in normal endometrium of reproductive age during the normal menstrual cycle .Methods Normal endometrial samples were collected from 40 women of reproductive age . 20 endometrium samples at the proliferative phase (day 6th to 10th) and 20 endometrium samples at the window of implantation(day 20th to 24th) were obtained .These patients underwent intrauterine exploration before IVF and ET resulting from tubal resec-tion or male factor infertility .Endometrial tissue was collected with a pipelle aspirator .Sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) to identify the morphological characteristics of endometrial tissues .The Envision two-step immunohistochemical staining technique was used to detect the expression of CD1a and CD83 in the endometrium .Normal human skin and tonsil were used as pos-itive control tissues for CD1a and CD83 ,respectively .The serum levels of ovarian steroid hormones were measured to analyze their relationship with the expression of CD1a and CD83 .Results CD1a + DCs were found in all samples of window of implantationand most samples of the proliferative phase (18/20 ,90% ) .DCs showed irregular shape with different processes and were buffy in cell membrane ,mainly in stroma around grand and blood vessels .The density of CD1a + DCs at the window of implantation were (18 .2 ± 5 .76)cells/mm2 ,significantly higher than that at the proliferative phase [(6 .5 ± 4 .05)cells/mm2 ,P 0 .05) .Conclusion Increased CD1a+ immature DCs at the window of implantation in endometri-um may play an important role in the establishment of maternal-fetal tolerance .

Adult Langerhans cell histiocytosis:A case report and literature review / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To study the clinical and pathological features of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), and to provide the reference for its diagnosis and treatment.Methods:The manifestation of one LCH patient was retrospectively analyzed.The features of the LCH patients were explored by analyzing the results of skin biopsy, radiological test and follow-up.The associated literatures were reviewed.Results:The patient presented the typical symptoms gradually,including polycystic lung,skin ulcer,diabetes insipidus,and lactation.The skin pathological findings showed the densely distributed mononuclear cell infiltration in dermis and the immunohistological staining result showed positive CD1a. The patient was follwed up for 7 years and died of heart and lung failure. Conclusion:LHC has various manifestations and should be confirmed by clinical features,pathological features and imaging examination.The adult patients with multisystem and vital organ involvement suggest the poor prognosis.

A Case of Gastric Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis with Spontaneous Regression

A 44-year-old male was followed-up with esophagogastroduodenoscopy due to an esophageal submucosal tumor. On the lesser curvature of the gastric low body, a 0.5 cm sized round elevated lesion with hyperemia was noticed. Two pieces of biopsy were taken from this lesion for histopathologic examination. Histology showed Langerhans cell infiltration. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for CD1a antigen, which confirmed the diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. There was no evidence of other organ involvement. The lesions spontaneously disappeared 4 months later without any treatment. We report a very rare case of gastric Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Colonic Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Presenting as an Isolated Polyp / 대한내과학회지

A 56-year-old male underwent a screening colonoscopy. An 8-mm sessile polyp was removed from the descending colon using snare polypectomy. Histology showed Langerhans cells and eosinophil infiltration of the submucosa. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for S-100 protein and CD1a antigen, which confirmed the diagnosis of Langerhans-cell histiocytosis. On further workup, there was no evidence of involvement of any other organs. Here, we report a very rare case of colonic Langerhans-cell histiocytosis presenting as an isolated polyp.

Langerhans Cell Microgranulomas / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

Histiocitosis de Células de Langerhans en hueso parietal / Langerhans cell histiocytosis in bone parietal

La Histiocitosis de Células de Langerhans es un grupo de enfermedades con un compromiso mono o multisistémico; presenta manifestaciones clínicas y complicaciones que varían según el tejido afectado y la extensi¢n de la lesión; caracterizada por la proliferación de células de Langerhans. Se reporta el caso de una paciente femenina de 2 años y medio de edad, que presenta una masa de 6-7 cm en la zona parietal izquierda, dolorosa, que deforma la anatomía craneal; el cuadro evolucionó en 22 días y asoció anorexia. Un estudio por tomografía axial computarizada, mostró una fractura del hueso parietal asociada a un tumor homogéneo sólido en los tejidos blandos adyacentes, sin calcificaciones. Se realizó una resecci¢n tumoral, craneotomía y craneoplastía. Los estudios inmunohistoquímicos demostaron células S100, CD1a y CD68 positivas...

Study on the Langerhans cells with various surface marker infiltrating in the lesion of basal cell carcinoma / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective Some features, as numbers, morphology and distribution, of the Langerhans cells (LC) with various surface marker infiltrating in the lesion of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) were explored in order to apply some experimental data for assessment of the roles of LCs in the cutaneous tumor immunity.Methods Expression of CD1a, S-100 and HLA-DR on the surface of infiltrating LC of 30 cases of BCC and 15 cases of normal skin tissues were investigated by immunohistochemistry. The expression qualities were studied with computer image analysis system. Results It was observed that CD1a+ LC distributed mainly in tumor nest compared with the control group, CD1a+ LC in BCC revealed morphological changes: the dendrites shortened or disappeared. The density of CD1a+ LC, detected by cell number counting as well as staining strength scanning, showed a statistic difference between the control group and BCC (P ＜0.05). S-100(+)LC spread evenly throughout BCC lesions. The number of cell dendrites as well as its length increased markedly.The cell number as well as the staining strength in BCC lesions increased markedly compared with the control group (P ＜0.05). HLA-DR(+)LC infiltrated mainly around the located tumor. This kind of LC in the lesion did not show significant differences compared with the controls (P ＞0.05). Conclusion LC showed differences between BCC lesion and normal skin tissues. The alterations in numbers, morphology and distribution of LC with various markers in the lesion of BCC supplied special local cellular immunity status, resulting in disable metastasis and good prognosis.

Langerhans Cell Sarcoma Arising in a Lymph Node: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

We report a case of Langerhans cell sarcoma presented as a solitary mass in the left supraclavicular area in a 31-year-old woman. Computed tomography revealed a relatively well-defined and lightly enhancing mass in the left supraclavicular area, measuring 5.5x4.5x3.2 cm. Excision was subsequently performed. Microscopically, the specimen consisted of an enlarged and partially effaced lymph node. Nests of different size composed of atypical tumor cells were located in the paracortex and the medulla of the lymph node. The tumor cells exhibited abundant eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm and displayed marked nuclear atypia and increased mitotic figures. Infiltration of many eosinophils was identified in the periphery and between the tumor cells. The tumor cells were reactive for CD1a and S100 protein. Ultrastructually, they were found to have Birbeck granules in the cytoplasm.

E-cadherin and CD1a expression in gingival epithelium in periodontal health, disease and post-treatment.

Background: Epithelial integrity is important for maintenance of periodontal health. It is not fully known if non-surgical periodontal therapy is capable of recreating the epithelial barrier in its functional state. Patients and Methods: Sixty-five patients (31 males and 34 females) were included in the study. They were divided into group A (healthy gingiva 16 patients), group B (gingivitis 17 patients), group C (periodontitis 17 patients), and group D (post-treatment 15 patients). Gingival samples were collected and immunohistochemical study was done using E-cadherin and CD1a antibody. Statistical analysis was done using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test for CD1a and Tukey's highly significant difference (HSD) test for E-cadherin. Result: There was a statistically significant difference (P<0.001) in the expression of E-cadherin between healthy (1.846±0.555), gingivitis (1.100±0.994), and periodontitis group (0.700±0.483). Similarly, there was a statistically significant difference (P<0.001) in the expression of CD1a between healthy (75.70±3.09), gingivitis (42.53±3.09), and periodontitis group (29.07±3.08). However, the expression of E-cadherin (1.242±0.653) and CD1a in post-treatment samples (52.18±2.90) was lower with no statistically significant difference when compared to health. Discussion: The significant reduction in E-cadherin and CD1a levels in periodontal disease when compared to health could possibly be a result of invasion by the periodontopathogens and its subsequent sequel. Although, the post-treatment samples showed significant improvement when compared to disease, the reduction in E-cadherin and CD1a levels when compared to gingival health suggests that the epithelial barrier was not yet fully established in its functional state.

Interstitial and Langerhans' dendritic cells in chronic periodontitis and gingivitis

The aim of the present study was to compare quantitatively the distribution of dendritic cell subpopulations in chronic periodontitis and gingivitis. Fourteen biopsies from patients with chronic periodontitis and fifteen from patients with gingivitis were studied. An immunoperoxidase technique was used to quantify the number of Langerhans' cells (CD1a) and interstitial dendritic cells (factor XIIIa) in the oral and sulcular and junctional/pocket epithelia and in the lamina propria. A greater number of factor XIIIa+ dendritic cells in the lamina propria and CD1a+ dendritic cells in the oral epithelium were observed in gingivitis compared to the periodontitis group (p = 0.05). In the sulcular and junctional/pocket epithelia and in the lamina propria, the number of CD1a+ dendritic cells was similar in the gingivitis and periodontitis groups. In conclusion, the number of Langerhans' cells in the oral epithelium and interstitial dendritic cells in the lamina propria is increased in gingivitis compared to periodontitis, which may contribute to the different pattern of host response in these diseases.

A Case of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis with Sclerosing Cholangitis / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disorder with abnormal proliferation of histiocytes. Besides the infiltration of a variety of organs, patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis can develop sclerosing cholangitis, with bile duct involvement, progressive fibrosis, and cirrhosis. We report a case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis with sclerosing cholangitis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed multiple strictures and dilatations of left intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct. Endoscopic biopsy of common bile duct showed diffuse infiltration of histiocytes and eosinophiles in lamina propria. Immunohistochemical stain showed positive reactions for S-100 and CD1a and a negative reaction for cytokeratin in infiltrating histiocytes.

Anti-CD1a Single-Chain Fv Synthesis Using Phage Display and Flow Cytometry Screening / 대한소아혈액종양학회지

PURPOSE: CD1a antigen is observed in diseases such as Langerhans cell histiocytosis, T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia and CD1a presenting cells would be associated with transplantation disorders. In this study, anti-CD1a single-chain Fv (scFv) was made and its DNA sequence was obtained to use as useful implement and informations for the diagnosis, therapy, and study of the diseases mentioned above. METHODS: The cDNA of anti-CD1a scFv was constructed with multiple steps of PCR from NA1/34.HLK and it was inserted into pCANTAB 5 E phagemid. The anti-CD1a scFvs were expressed on transformed DH5alpha Eschericia coli and secreted into cultured media. Thymocytes were used as CD1a antigen presenting cells. ScFvs were tested with flow cytometry. DNA sequence was obtained with PCR generated DNA sequencing method. RESULTS: There were 7 clones that secreted scFvs binding thymocytes. When using thymocytes after being incubated with anti-CD1a antibody, there was only one clone (D-24) scFv of which binding reaction was significantly inhibited. DNA sequence of scFv of D-24 was obtained. CONCLUSION: The obtained scFv of D-24 should be anti-CD1a scFv because of its binding thymocytes and being inhibited by anti-CD1a antibody. It needs further purification and confirmative test such as immunoprecipitation. The obtained DNA sequence would be informative to construct various and humanized antibodies for CD1a antigen.

Antigen Presenting Cells in the Palatine Tonsils and Adenoids / 대한이비인후과학회지

The functions of the palatine tonsils and adenoids have been investigated for many years, but there are still a lot of debates on their immunological roles. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of the antigen presenting cells in the palatine tonsils and adenoids, and to reveal their possible association with middle ear effusion. Tissues were collected from 18 pediatric patients who underwent tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. In 8 of 18 cases, middle ear effusions were coexistent. The immunohistochemical staining using monoclonal antibodies, major histocompatibility complex(MHC) class II, CD1a, CD35, intercellular adhesion molecule(ICAM)-1 and B7 were done. In 10 cases of them, the cells which express MHC class II and ICAM-1 molecules were quantified by flow cytometry. The distribution patterns of the antigen presenting cells between the palatine tonsils and adenoids were not so different, but CD1a-positive cells were more abundant in the tonsils than in the adenoids. Middle ear effusion had no effects on the distribution of the antigen presenting cells in the tonsils and adenoids. Our data suggested both of the palatine tonsils and adenoids might have the same immunological roles, but the tonsils are more active in the antigen-recognizing stage than the adenoids.