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A papilomatose laríngea é uma neoplasia benigna causada pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV), sendo os tipos 6 e 11 os mais comuns, e que ocorre em dois grupos etários, juvenil e adulto. A possível coinfecção viral tem sido sugerida em lesões de cabeça e pescoço; nesse sentido, o Epstein Barr vírus (EBV), que também apresenta tropismo por células epiteliais vem sendo estudado neste grupo de lesões. Os objetivos deste estudo foram genotipar os HPVs, investigar a presença de EBV-DNA por PCR e EBV-RNA por hibridização in situ. Além disso, associar a presença de EBV com a imunoexpressão de CD21, os resultados obtidos com a escala laringoscópica de Derkay et al. (1998) e com os dados clinicopatológicos. Oitenta casos de papilomatose laríngea, juvenil (n=36) e adulta (n=44), foram retrospectivamente analisados e subdivididos em grupos de menor e maior severidade, baseando-se na escala de Derkay. Todas as amostras foram HPV posivitas, com 49 casos HPV 6, 26 casos HPV 11, 4 casos HPV 6 e 11, e 1 caso HPV 16. A presença de EBV-DNA foi detectada em 9 amostras, entretanto EBV-RNA não foi não foi identificado em nenhuma amostra. Assim como a presença do EBV-DNA, a imunoexpressão de CD21 não se associou estatisticamente com quaisquer variáveis. A presença de HPV 6 foi mais comum em PLA e, o HPV 11 foi mais comum (p=0,02) e maior em casos de maior severidade (p=0,04), no grupo juvenil. A presença do EBV provavelmente não desempenha papel importante na progressão/severidade desta patologia(AU)
Laryngeal papillomatosis is a benign neoplasm caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), been types 6 and 11 the most commonly related, and is divided into two groups: juvenile and adult. Viral coinfection has been suggested in head and neck lesions; in this sense, Epstein Barr virus (EBV), which also presents tropism for epithelial cells, has been studied in this group of lesions. The aims of this study are to perform HPV genotyping, investigate EBVDNA presence by PCR and EBV-RNA by in situ hybridization; and associate EBV presence with CD21 immunoexpression. Finally, the results were associated with Derkay laryngoscopic score. Eighty cases of laryngeal papillomatosis, juvenile (n = 36) and adult (n = 44) were retrospectively subdivided into low-risk and high-risk of severity based on the Derkay index. All samples were HPV-positive, with 49 cases of HPV 6, 26 cases of HPV 11, 4 cases of HPV 6 and 11, and 1 case of HPV 16. The presence of EBV-DNA was detected in 9 samples, however EBV-RNA was not identified in any sample. As the presence of EBV-DNA, the CD21 immunoexpression was not statistically associated with any variables. The presence of HPV 6 was more common in ALP, HPV 11 was more common (p = 0.02) and higher in cases of higher severity (p = 0.04) in juvenile group. The presence of EBV probably does not play an important role in the progression/severity of this pathology(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Papilloma/diagnosis , Papillomaviridae/immunology , Receptors, Complement 3d/analysis , Herpesvirus 4, Human/classification , Aggression/drug effectsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the values of CD21 and CD43 proteins in the differential diagnosis of mucosa-associated marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MALToma) from benign lymphadenosis. Methods The expression of CD21 and CD43 proteins in the tissues of 25 MALToma (case group) and 25 benign lymphadenosis (control group) was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Abnormal CD21+follicular dendritic cells (FDC) meshes were found in all patients of case group. Most of the FDC meshes were sparse and broken, and a few were enlarged or fused into pieces. Intact CD21+FDC meshes were all found, and abnormal FDC meshes were not found in control group. The positive rate of abnormal FDC meshes in case group was significantly increased compared with that in control group (χ2 = 46.080, P= 0.000). The expression rate of CD43+in CD20+cells was 24 % (6/25) in case group, but it was negative in control group (χ2=4.375, P=0.030). Conclusions Abnormal CD21+FDC meshes and CD43+expression in CD20+cells are useful in the differential diagnosis between MALToma and benign lymphadenosis. The abnormal FDC meshes of MALToma are enlarged or fused in the minority of cases.
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Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic values of Clusterin, CXCL13, Podoplanin (D2-40), CD21 and CD35 in follcular den-dritic cell sarcoma. Methods The expression levels of 10 cases of follcular dendritic cell sarcoma ( FDCS) and 12 types of FDCS mimics (83 cases in total) were investigated by immunohistochemical methods, the latter including solitary fibrous tumor, leiomyosar-coma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor and others. The diagnostic validities of the five biomarkers were compared. Results ( 1 ) The positive rates of Clusterin, CXCL13, D2-40, CD21 and CD35 in the FDCS group were 100%, 70%, 60%, 90% and 80%, respec-tively, the corresponding rates in the control group were 30%, 4%, 11%, 2% and 0 in turn. (2) The five biomarkers could be cate-gorized into 3 groups, according to their diagnostic values in FDCS. The first group included CD21 and CD35, which had much higher sensitivities (90%, 80%), specificities (100%, 98%) and accuracies (98%, 96%), compared with the other biomarkers. The second group included CXCL13 and D2-40, which had a relatively lower sensitivities (70%, 60%), specificities (96%, 89%) and accuracies (94%, 86%), compared with CD21 and CD35. The third group included Clusterin, which had the highest sensitivity (100%), while the specificity (70%)and accuracy (73%) were inferior to the first and second groups. (3) The diagnostic values of CD21 and CD35 combination were 100%, 98%, 98%, 83% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions (1) CD21 and CD35 are the most valuable biomarkers for FDCS. The combined diagnostic effect of the two markers is generally superior to that of single marker. (2) Clusterin has the highest sensitivity for FDCS. However, the frequent expression in FDCS mimickers restricts its diagnostic values for FDCS. (3) CXCL13 and D2-40 may be used as a marker for FDCS, but are not recommended as the first selection based on their diagnostic performance. (4) On the reasons that FDCS mimickers may not uncommonly express Clusterin and D2-40, and rarely show positivity for CD21 or CXCL13, more attention should be paid to the phenomenon to avoid misdiagnosis.
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Purpose To report the c1inicopatho1ogica1 characteristics,diagnosis and differentia1 diagnosis of extranoda1 fo11icu1ar den-dritic ce11 sarcoma( FDCS)of the pharyngea1 region. Methods The c1inica1 features,histopatho1ogica1 changes and immunohisto-chemica1 findings were ana1yzed in three cases of FDCS with review of the re1ated 1iterature. Results Case 1,a 70-year-o1d man pres-ented with the comp1aint of a pain1ess mass in pharyngea1 region accompanied by shortness of breath for the past 2 months. Case 2,a 40-year-o1d woman presented with the comp1aint of pharyngea1 foreign body sensation and b1oody sputum for the past 1 month. Case 3, a 38-year-o1d man presented with the comp1aint of intermittent epistaxis for the past 2 months. 3 cases showed simi1ar morpho1ogies:the neop1astic ce11s were ovoid to spind1e-shaped,with indistinct ce11 borders,dispersed granu1ar chromatin,and scattered sma11 nuc1e-o1i. Notab1y,severa1 nuc1ear inc1usions were identified,and rare binuc1ear and mu1tinuc1eated ce11s were a1so present. There were main1y 3 kinds of growth patterns in the tumors:diffuse sheets,fascic1es,and storiform arrangements admixed with sma11 1ymphocytes, which sometimes gathered into a mass. Immunohistochemica11y,tumor ce11s( 3/3 )were strong1y and diffuse1y positive for fo11icu1ar dendritic ce11 markers CD21,CD23 and CD35. Tumor ce11s(3/3)were a1so diffuse1y positive for fascin and D2-40. Some tumor ce11s (1/3)were diffuse1y positive for CXCL-13. Ki-67 pro1iferation index was estimated at 6%-20%. Conclusions Extranoda1 FDCS of the pharyngea1 region is rare and misdiagnosis is frequent1y made. A comprehensive eva1uation of c1inica1 manifestations,patho1ogic features and immunohistochemica1 findings are essentia1 for definitive diagnosis.
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A thirty five year old patient presented with swelling in parotid region. After surgical removal and histopathological examination unicentric lymphoproliferation was observed. Further, immunohistochemical studies of CD 21 tissue marker confirmed Castleman’s Disease. The disease most commonly involves the mediastinum and neck but the involvement of the parotid gland region is very rare, being reported first time from Chhattisgarh State.
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Background: There are few reports about the interactions of EBV with peripheral T-cells, especially during the early phase of infection. Objective: Demonstrate the capability of EBV to infect and replicate in human peripheral T-cells in vitro. Methods: After treating with EBV, the susceptibility of in vitro EBV infection into T-cells was confirmed using electron microscopy, the expression of EBV mRNA using RT-PCR, and the expression of EBV proteins using Western blot analysis. The expression of CD19 and CD21 mRNA was determined using RT-PCR. The induction of cell death was measured using trypan blue exclusion assay. Results: The susceptibility of in vitro EBV infection was confirmed by the presence of virus particles in the cytoplasm. The entering to lytic infection was confirmed by detection the expression of EBV lytic (BZLF1) mRNA, and the expression of late lytic proteins (VCA and gp350/220). The expression of CD19 and CD21 were not observed using RT-PCR. The interactions of EBV with T-cells leaded to induction of T-cell death. Conclusion: Peripheral T-cells are a direct target of EBV infection. At the beginning of infection by EBV, EBV infection of T-cells leads to the entering into lytic virus replication. EBV binds to these cells through a receptor distinct from the CD21.
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OBJECTIVE: Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) and interdigitating dendritic cells (IDCs) are dendritic cells found in lymphoid follicles, reactive follicles and in lymphomas. The goal of this study was to evaluate the presence and distribution of FDCs and IDCs in oral lymphomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Immunohistochemistry reactions were applied to 50 oral lymphomas using the antibodies anti-CD21, anti-CD35 and anti-caldesmon to FDCs, and anti-S100 protein to IDCs. Caldesmon+/FDCs and S100+/IDCs were quantified in Imagelab® software. RESULTS: FDCs revealed by CD21 and CD35 were positively stained in two cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, one MALT lymphoma, and in one case of mantle cell lymphoma. FDCs were immunopositive to caldesmon in all cases, as well as IDCs to S100 protein. Burkitt lymphoma presented a lower amount of caldesmon+/FDCs and S100+/IDCs than diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and plasmablastic lymphoma of the oral mucosa type. CONCLUSIONS: The microenvironment determined by neoplastic lymphoid cells in oral lymphomas is responsible by the development and expression of dendritic cells types.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dendritic Cells, Follicular/chemistry , Dendritic Cells/chemistry , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/chemistry , Mouth Neoplasms/chemistry , Calmodulin-Binding Proteins/analysis , Immunohistochemistry , Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/chemistry , Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/pathology , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/chemistry , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology , Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/chemistry , Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/pathology , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology , Mouth Neoplasms/pathology , /analysis , /analysis , /analysisABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical significance of the expression of CD_(21) on peripheral blood B lymphocytes in different age periods.Methods All the cases was divided into newborn group,infant group and children group.The expression of CD_(21) on B lymphocytes were analyzed by the flow cytometry.Results 1.The number of CD_(21) on B lymphocytes of newborn group were obviously lo-(wer) than those in other two groups;and with growth of a child,the numer tended to grow up.2.Mean fluorescence intension(MFI),the expression of CD_(21) on B lymphocyte,also had the characteristic of increase with the age.Conclusions With the growing up of a child,the expression of CD_(21) on B lymphocyte has the tendency of up-regulation;which conforms to the feature of immune system development in childhood.Because of the higher expression of CD_(21) on B lymphocyte in certain age,it has the sensitivity to Epstein-Barr virus infection for children.
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PURPOSE: The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is associated with a variety of human lymphocytic and epithelial malignancies. EBV is thought to display exclusive tropism for B lymphocytes, follicular dendritic cells, and pharyngeal epithelia via specific receptors (C3d receptors, CR2, CD21). Recent evidence, however, challenged this belief. We designed this experiment to determine the incidence of EBV receptor in various malignant tumor cell lines and normal lymphocyte subsets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have examined the incidence of EBV receptor, CD21 on the 10 healthy adult peripheral blood (PB), 10 umbilical cord blood (CB), 4 immortalized lymphoblastoid B cells by EBV infection (CSUP-1, CSUP-2, CSUP-3, CSUP-4), 3 EBV-positive B cell lymphoma cell lines (Jiyoye, IM-9, PTLC-1), 1 EBV-negative B cell lymphoma cell line (JeKo-1), 3 T cell lymphoma and leukemia cell lines (CCRF-CEM, H9, CEM-CM3), one histiocytic lymphoma cell line (U-937) and 5 gastric cancer cell lines (KATO III, AGS, SNU-1, SNU-5, and SNU-16). EBV receptor, C3d receptor was identified by flow cytometry (FACSCalibur) using FITC-conjugated or PE-conjugated CD21 monoclonal antibody. Also we investigated the expression of CD3, CD5, CD7, CD19, CD20, IgM, IgG, Ig and Ig by using FITC-conjugated or PE-conjugated monoclonal antibody, on above cell lines. RESULTS: The expressions of CD21 molecule were 10.99 3.84% and 9.22 5.39% in adult PB lymphocytes and CB lymphocytes, respectively. The anti-human CD21 antibody was positive for CD19-positive or CD20-positive B lymphocytes. The CD3-positive or CD7-positive T lymphocytes were negative for anti-human CD21 antibody in PB and CB. But, CD21 antibody was weakly positive for CD5-positive lymphocytes. EBV-positive cell lines expressed variable ranges from 0.9% to 5.2% for CD21 antigen, while EBV-negative lymphoma cell line, JeKo-1 expressed 5.5%. All T lymphoma and leukemia cell lines and gastric cancer cell lines did not express CD21 antigen. But U-937 expressed 14.4% for CD21 antigen. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that the CD21 antigen was expressed in CD20 or CD19-positive mature B cells, CD5-dim positive lymphocytes, some EBV-positive and negative B cell lymphoma cell lines, and a histiocytic lymphoma cell line. Further evaluation on the nature of CD5-dim positive cells, which was expressing CD21 molecule, is revealed, especially in reference to EBV association in some peculiar subtypes of peripheral T cell lymphoma.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , B-Lymphocytes , Cell Line , Cell Line, Tumor , Dendritic Cells, Follicular , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections , Fetal Blood , Flow Cytometry , Herpesvirus 4, Human , Immunoglobulin G , Immunoglobulin M , Incidence , Leukemia , Lymphocyte Subsets , Lymphocytes , Lymphoma , Lymphoma, B-Cell , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse , Lymphoma, T-Cell , Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral , Receptors, Complement 3d , Stomach Neoplasms , T-Lymphocytes , TropismABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the expression of CD_ 21 on peripheral blood B lymphocytes in children with infectious mononucleosis(IM).Methods The expression of CD_ 21 on B lymphocytes were analyzed with flow cytometry in IM group and two control groups.Results The ratio of B lymphocytes,the number of B lymphocytes expressing CD_ 21,and the number of CD_ 21 on B lymphocyte were significantly higher in IM group than two control groups(P