Linfoma difuso de células grandes B CD5 positivo con compromiso prostático: una recurrencia inusual / CD5 positive Diffuse large B cell lymphoma with prostate involvement: An unusual recurrenc

Introducción: El Linfoma de células grandes B CD5 positivo (LDCGB CD5+) constituye una patología rara y agresiva con pobre respuesta a la quimioinmunoterapia. Objetivo: Describir un caso con diagnóstico de LDCGB CD5+ con recurrencia inusual prostática. Caso clínico: Paciente varón de 61 años con sintomatología de dolor abdominal y síntomas B. Los estudios de imagen mostraron adenopatías mediastinales y retroperitoneales. El informe patológico fue compatible LDCGB CD5+, recibiendo terapia de primera línea con R-CHOP logrando remisión completa, con recaída precoz prostática confirmada por inmunohistoquímica. Posteriormente, inicia terapia de rescate con R-ICE, con pobre respuesta y deterioro del estado funcional. Conclusiones: El LDCGB CD5 + representa una patología infrecuente y agresiva, siendo la recaída en próstata un evento muy inusual, es por ello que los exámenes clínicos exhaustivos y anatomo-patológico son esenciales para un diagnóstico certero. A la fecha, la respuesta a terapias estándar o de mayor intensidad son desalentadoras, por lo que es necesario un mayor número de estudios a futuro(AU)

Introduction: CD5 positive Large B-cell Lymphoma (CD5 + DLBCL) constitutes a rare and aggressive pathology with poor response to chemoimmunotherapy. Objective: To describe a case with a diagnosis of CD5 + DLBCL with an unusual recurrence in the prostate. Clinical case: A 61-year-old male presented abdominal pain and B symptoms. Imaging studies showed mediastinal and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. The pathology informed a CD5+ DLBCL diagnosis, receiving first-line R-CHOP treatment and achieving complete remission, with prostatic early relapse confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Therefore, he received R-ICE as rescue treatment with poor response and performance status decline. Conclusions: CD5 + LDCGB represents a rare and aggressive disease, being the prostate relapse a very unusual event, in which the exhaustive clinical and pathological workup is essential for an accurate diagnosis. To date, the response to standard or higher-intensity therapies is disappointing, so more studies are needed in the future(AU)

Intravascular Large B-cell Lymphoma – Morphological Diagnosis in the Molecular Era

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, characterized by its unique morphology. Modern-day diagnostic methods like flow cytometry have limitations in accurate diagnosis of the disease making morphology the mainstay for its diagnosis and adequate management. Here, we present a case of IVLBCL with emphasis on diagnostic aids and adjuncts. A 63-year-old female presented with fever of unknown origin, seizers, hepatosplenomegaly, and peripheral cytopenias. Bone marrow aspirate shows a small number of atypical lymphoid cells. Flow cytometry done on the aspirate yielded 7% abnormal lymphoid cells; however, further, subclassification of this non-Hodgkin lymphoma was not aided by it. Bone marrow biopsy revealed the intrasinusoidal localization of the tumor cells, which were positive for CD20, BCL2, and Mum1 and along with flow cytometric expression of CD5 and lambda restriction of tumor cells; a diagnosis of IVLBCL was made. IVLBCL is a rare entity with protean clinical presentation which frequently leads to a delay in diagnosis. Modern diagnostic modalities like flow cytometry help in picking up even a small number of tumor cells; however, it is limited by failure to subcategorize the entity making morphology and immunohistochemistry as the backbone of its diagnostic workup.

Clinicopathological features of primary cardiac CD5-positive and bcl-2 and C-MYC double expression diffuse large B-cell lymphoma / 中华病理学杂志

Objectives@#To investigate the clinicopathological features, therapy and prognosis of primary cardiac CD5-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with C-MYC and bcl-2 double expression.@*Methods@#Two cases diagnosed at Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital were included, the clinical data were collected; the tumor morphology, immunophenotypic profiles, therapy and prognosis were analyzed.@*Results@#Case 1 was a 55-year-old man and case 2 was a 61-year-old women. Intraoperatively, both cases showed large masses in the right atrium or ventricle, involving adjacent tissue. Pathologically, the tumors were composed of diffusely infiltrating large lymphoid cells with high mitotic activity and apoptosis. The tumor cells were positive for CD20, CD5, bcl-6, MUM1, C-MYC and bcl-2, and the Ki-67 index was equal or greater than 90%. Case 1 had bcl-6, but not bcl-2 or MYC gene rearrangements. No MYC, bcl-2 or bcl-6 gene rearrangements were detected in case 2. Case 1 defaulted chemotherapy after operation and died 1 month after diagnosis. Case 2 was treated with 4 cycles of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (R-CHOP) therapy after surgery and attained partial remission, and was then treated with apatinib and ibrutinib, and remained stable 18 months after initial diagnosis.@*Conclusion@#Primary cardiac CD5-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with C-MYC and bcl-2 double expression usually shows large infiltrative mass in the right atrium or ventricle, non-germinal center like immunophenotype and high proliferation index, and this may contribute to the aggressiveness of primary cardiac lymphoma.

Progress of CD5-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma / 白血病·淋巴瘤

CD5-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (CD5+DLBCL) is a special type of DLBCL, which is characterized with later clinical staging, high-risk of relapse in extranodular tissues like bone marrow and central nervous system (CNS).Combined chemotherapy including rituximab and salvage autotransplantation/ allotransplantation can not significantly improve the prognosis. This article reviews the clinicopathological features, the possible pathogenesis, treatment status and dilemma in order to get the better understanding of CD5+DLBCL and avail the early diagnosis and individualized treatment.

Rituximab combined with chemotherapy for treatment of primary CD5 positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: report of two cases and review of literature / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To explore the biological characteristics of primary CD5 positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and treatment effects of rituximab combined with different chemotherapy regimens. Methods The clinical features of 2 CD5 positive DLBCL patients (1 case with early report and 1 case with newly treated) in department of hematology of the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were summarized, including bone marrow, lymph nodes morphology, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and molecular biology characteristics. The treatment response of rituximab combined with different chemotherapy regimens was evaluated, and the literatures were reviewed. Results First patient was diagnosed as primary CD5 positive DLBCL with complex karyotype (leukemia stage). After the first induction chemotherapy with rituximab and VCTP regimens (4 weeks), the patient achieved complete remission of bone marrow. Spleen and lymph nodes also were reduced significantly. Eight consolidation therapy including R-VCTP regimen (2 weeks), R-Hyper-CVAD regimens for 3 courses and R-HD-MTX regimens for 4 courses were sequentially given. Cytarabine combined with and methotrexate (MTX) was performed 10 times of intrathecal injection. After the follow-up of 21 months, the disease sustained remission without central nervous system (CNS) invasiveness. Second elderly patient was diagnosed as primary CD5 positive DLBCL (nasal type), who received induction chemotherapy regimen of rituximab combined with vincristine and prednisone for 3 courses. Nasal tumor symptoms completely relieved after subsequent treatments and the local sclerotin restored. However, multiple skin lesions appeared after half a year, which were quickly alleviated after treatment of rituximab combined with COP regimen. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that the brain parenchymal infiltration appeared. Related symptoms gradually relieved after radiotherapy and imageology also showed that infiltrates were mostly absorbed. The patient was followed up for 21 months and had the stable disease. Conclusions Primary CD5 positive DLBCL is a unique subset presented with more extranodal lesions, which occur commonly in bone marrow, skin and CNS. Rituximab combined with acute lymphoblastic leukemia chemotherapy and intrathecal chemotherapy may reduce incidence of metastatic central lesions , and improve the disease free survival rate.

Clinical impact of CD5 expression in Korean patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

BACKGROUND: CD5-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (CD5+ DLBCL) accounts for 5–10% of DLBCL cases and has poor patient outcomes. However, most studies on CD5+ DLBCL were performed in Japanese patients and only few data are available for Korean population. In this study, we investigated the clinical characteristics and prognostic impact of CD5 expression in Korean patients with bone marrow (BM) involvement of DLBCL. METHODS: Patients who were initially diagnosed with BM involvement of de novo DLBCL from 2005 to 2013 were included. Clinicopathological features and outcomes of patients were compared between CD5+ and CD5 negative (CD5−) DLBCL. RESULTS: Among a total of 57 patients, the number of patients with CD5+ and CD5− DLBCL were 13 and 44, respectively. Clinical and laboratory features of CD5+ DLBCL were not significantly different from those of CD5− DLBCL. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rates for CD5+ and CD5− DLBCL were 20.2% and 59.0%, respectively (P=0.031), and 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates for CD5+ and CD5− DLBCL were 23.1% and 50.1%, respectively (P=0.055). CONCLUSION: CD5+ DLBCL with BM involvement showed an inferior survival tendency compared to CD5− DLBCL, and thorough evaluation of CD5 expression might be helpful to predict the prognosis of patients with DLBCL.

Value of CD5L and PaCO2 in predicting the survival of patients with severe asthma and mechanical ventilation / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the value of CD5 molecule-like protein(CD5L) and partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood(PaCO2) in predicting the survival of patients with severe asthma and mechanical ventilation.Methods From Jan.2013 to Jan.2016,a total of 38 patients with severe asthma and mechanical ventilation were enrolled.Acute Physiology and Chronic Health EvaluationⅡ(APACHE II)were used to assess the severity.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum levels of CD5L at admission and 6 h after treatment.PaCO2 were also detected.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between APACHEⅡ score and CD5L and PaCO2 levels.Receiver operation characteristic(ROC) curve was used to evaluate the value of CD5L and PaCO2 in predicting the survival of patients.Results APACHEⅡscores of survival patients were significantly higher than dead patients(P<0.05).CD5L level of survival patients after treatment was significantly lower than dead patients,while PaCO2 level was significantly higher(P<0.05).APACHEⅡ score was negatively correlated with serum CD5L level(r=-0.347,P<0.05),while positively correlated with PaCO2 level(r=0.573,P<0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that serum CD5L and PaCO2 were with predictive value for prediction the survival of patients,with sensitivity of 93.33%,specificity of 75.00%,accuracy of 89.47%,positive predictive value of 93.33%,and negative predictive value of 75.00% for CD5L,and those for PaCO2 were 90.00%,87.50%,89.47%,97.42% and 70.00%.Conclusion With the decreasing of CD5L level and increasing of PaCO2 level,severity of disease in patients with severe asthma and mechanical ventilation could be more serious condition,indicating poor prognosis.CD5L and PaCO2 could be with fine predictive value of survival of patients with severe asthma and mechanical ventilation.

Relationship between CD56 antigen expression in leukemia cells and prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukemia / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To investigate the expression of CD56 antigen in leukemia cells of the patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML)and its relationship with the prognosis of AML, and to clarify the role of CD5 6 antigen expression in predicting the prognosis of the AML patients.Methods:171 AML (non-M3)patients aged from 14 to 60 years old,who received a IA Regimen as the first time inducing chemotherapy were chosen.Flow cytometric analysis was used to evaluate the CD56 expression in leukemia cells.COX proportional regression analysis was used to select the prognostic factors,and bivariable analysis was used to study the relationship between the positive rate of CD56 and overall survival (OS).The CD56+ group (n=52),including CD56≥50% expression group (n=39) and CD560.05),while the 2-year survival rate in CD56≥50% group was lower than that in CD560.05).The relapse rate and first year relapse rate of patients in CD56+ group (64.3% and 37.5%)were significantly higher than those in CD56- group (34.3% and 17.9% )(P0.05).The DFS in CD56+ group was shorter than that in CD56- group (P<0.05).The same DFS result was also found between CD56≥50%group and CD56<50% group (P<0.05).Conclusion:The expression of CD56 antigen in leukemia cells predicts a bad prognosis in the AML patients,and the higher expression of CD56 indicates the worse prognosis.

Roles of CD5+, CD19+, CD41a+, CD55+ and CD59+ in Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP).

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate of the roles of CD5+ and CD19+ on lymphocytes, CD5+ on B lymphocytes, CD41a+ on platelets and CD55+ and CD59+ on erythrocytes in platelet destruction; and evaluate them according to the patient response status to steroid therapy and platelet counts in chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Study Design: This study included 20 chronic ITP patients and 20 healthy controls. We investigated the roles of CD5+ and CD19+ expression on lymphocytes, CD5+ expression on B lymphocytes, CD41a+ expression on platelets, and CD55+ and CD59+ expression on erythrocytes, as well as the platelet counts in healthy and chronic ITP patients. Additionally, these markers were evaluated according to the patient response status to steroid therapy and platelet counts. Place and Duration of Study: This study took place at the Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Meram Medical Faculty at Selçuk University in Turkey, between November, 2008 and July, 2009. Methodology: A total of 40 patients (26 women, 14 men, age range: 19-79 years) were studied. The study group included 20 chronic ITP patients (12 women and 8 men, age range: 19-78 years) and the control group included 20 healthy volunteers (14 women and 6 men, age range: 22-79 years). The platelet counts and expressions of CD5+ and CD19+ on lymphocytes, CD5+ on B lymphocytes, CD41a+ on platelets, and CD55+ and CD59+ on erythrocytes were analysed in the patients and control subjects. The chronic ITP patients were evaluated according to their requirements of treatment. Five patients whose platelet counts were above 50,000 mm–3 were observed without treatment. The other 15 patients whose platelet counts were under 50.000 mm–3 and had bleeding, or whose platelet counts were under 20,000 mm–3, were given methylprednisolone treatments (1 mg/kg/day orally). Three of the 15 patients discontinued treatment for various reasons. The twelve patients who continued the methylprednisolone treatment were divided into two subgroups according to their responder status of steroid treatment. The patients whose platelet counts slowly increased above 30,000 mm–3 within three months included the steroid treatment responder subgroups. The chronic ITP patients were also divided into two subgroups according to the severity of their thrombocytopenia. The limit of the platelet count was 30,000 mm–3 for severe thrombocytopenia. These parameters were analysed according to the response status of the steroid treatment and platelet counts. The platelet counts, and the expressions of these markers, were compared between the subgroups. Results: The level of CD5+ on B lymphocyte expression (2.19 ± 1.65) in peripheral blood lymphocytes was significantly higher in the immune thrombocytopenic purpura patients than in the controls (P = .05). The CD55+ + CD59+ expression on erythrocytes (98.03 ± 1.77) was significantly higher in the ITP patients than in the controls (P = .05). There was no significant relationship between the expression of CD5+, CD19+ or CD5+ on B lymphocytes, CD41a+ expression on platelets or CD55+ and CD59+ expression on erythrocytes, according to the response status to steroid therapy in the patient group (P > 0.05). Additionally, the patients were evaluated according to platelet counts, and there was a significantly positive correlation between the level of CD41a+ expression on the platelets and the platelet count (P = .05). Conclusion: The level of CD5+ on B lymphocytes was significantly higher in the ITP patients than in the controls. A relationship between CD55+ plus CD59+ expression on erythrocytes and immune destruction of platelets was not observed in the chronic ITP patients.

Development and differentiation of B cells and autoimmune diseases / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Of B cells derived from bone marrow hematopoictic stem cells,bone marrow (poultry,as the bursa of fabricius) is a place of B cells development and mature.The growth of B cells can experience from progenitor cell B,pre-B cells,immature B ceils and mature B cells stages in the bone marrow.The differentiation process of B cells can be divided into antigen independ stage and antigen depend stage.CD5 + B1 cells and B10 cells of B cell subsets probably associated with autoimmune disease,B1 cells may play roles of promotion in inflammatory reaction,and B10 cells may suppress autoimmune inflammation.

Linfoma B difuso de células grandes: factores pronósticos en la era del rituximab / Diffuse large B cell lymphoma: prognostic factors in the rituximab era

Introducción: la inclusión del rituximab para el tratamiento del linfoma B difuso de células grandes generó la necesidad de reevaluar los factores pronósticos que se empleaban convencionalmente, y la de explorar otros que podrían resultar útiles para establecer el pronóstico. Objetivo: describir los principales factores clínicos, hematológicos, bioquímicos e inmunohistoquímicos que han sido útiles para el pronóstico en estudios de seguimiento de pacientes con linfoma B difuso de células grandes tratados con esquemas de quimioterapia que contenían rituximab. Resultados: entre los factores con significancia para el pronóstico se encontraron el Índice Pronóstico Internacional (IPI) revisado, la infiltración de la médula ósea, la presencia de masa voluminosa, la expresión de CD5 y el porcentaje de expresión de Ki-67; en contraste, es controversial la aplicación de otros factores como el IPI convencional, la expresión de Bcl-2, Bcl-6 y el perfil inmunohistoquímico.

Introduction: The inclusion of rituximab for treatment of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) generated the need to re-assess the conventionally employed prognostic factors and to explore others that could be useful for prognostic purposes. Objective: To describe the most important clinical, hematological, biochemical and immunohistochemical factors that have been useful for prognostic purposes in follow-up studies of patients with DLBCL treated with chemotherapy plus rituximab. Results: The following factors were found to have prognostic significance: the revised International Prognostic Index, bone marrow infiltration, the presence of a bulky mass, CD5 expression and the percentage of Ki-67 expression. Contrariwise, the application of other factors remains controversial: conventional IPI, Bcl-2 and Bcl-6 expression, and the immunohistochemical profile.

Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia with CD5+ Expression Presented as Cryoglobulinemic Glomerulonephropathy: A Case Report

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) is a B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder associated with bone marrow involvement of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) and an IgM monoclonal gammopathy. Generally B-lymphocytes in LPL do not express CD5 that is important for differential diagnosis of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. In WM, various renal diseases and type I cryoglobulinemia are well described separately, but cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephropathy is very rarely reported. A 61-yr-old woman complained of generalized edema, cyanosis of the extremities in cold weather, visual disturbance, and pancytopenia. Bone marrow and renal biopsy showed CD5+ expressing B-cells and cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephropathy. With the diagnosis of WM, she received cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone chemotherapy and got complete remission. Here, we report a rare case of WM associated with unusual expression of CD5+ B-lymphocytes and cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephropathy, and emphasize the importance of the clinical features in differentiating CD5+ B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.

Regulatory B Cells and Allergic Diseases

B cells are generally considered to positively regulate immune responses by producing antigen-specific antibodies. B cells are classified into classical CD5- conventional B cells and CD5+ B1 cells. The latter produce multi-specific autoantibodies and are thought to be involved in autoimmune diseases. However, evidence supporting a B cell negative regulatory function has accumulated over the past 30 years. Multiple reports have suggested that absence, or loss, of regulatory B cells exacerbates symptoms of both allergic (including contact hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis) and autoimmune (such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, chronic colitis, and collagen-induced arthritis) diseases, and in lupus-like models of autoimmunity. Regulatory B cells are characterized by production of the negative regulatory cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-beta. IL-10-producing B cells were the first regulatory B cells to be recognized and were termed 'B10' cells. IL-10-producing regulatory B cells are of the CD19(+)CD5(+)IgM(hi)IgD(lo)CD1d(hi) type. Recently, a TGF-beta-producing regulatory B cell subset, Br3, has been shown to be related to immune tolerance in food allergies. Moreover, forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)-expressing B cells have also been identified in humans and may act as regulatory B cells (Bregs). The functional image of regulatory B cells is similar to that of regulatory T cells. Because of the proliferative and apoptotic responses of Br1 and Br3 cells in immune tolerance in non-IgE-mediated food allergy, reciprocal roles and counter-regulatory mechanisms of Br1 and Br3 responses are also suspected. Additionally, different roles for regulatory B and T cells at different time points during initiation and progression of autoimmune disease are described.

IL-10 is Predominantly Produced by CD19(low)CD5(+) Regulatory B Cell Subpopulation: Characterisation of CD19 (high) and CD19(low) Subpopulations of CD5(+) B cells

IL-10 production by CD19(+)CD5(+) B cells was investigated, by determining the expression levels of CD19, a classical B cell marker. Peripheral mononuclear cells were stained with fluorescence-conjugated anti-CD5, anti-CD19, anti-IL-10, and Annexin V. Interestingly, IL-10-producing B cells were found to be localised within the CD19(low)CD5(+) B cell subset. Apoptotic changes were also observed mainly in CD19(low) cells among B cells. Thus, CD5(+) B cells should be classified as CD19(high) and CD19(low) cells, and the immunological significance of CD19 for the IL-10 production by CD5(+) B cells requires further studies.

Changes of CD19 + CD5 + B cells in endometriosis / 中国医师杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the changes of the frequency and cytokine production of CD19 + CD5 + B cells in Endometriosis before and after treatment.MethodsFlow cytometry and quantitative PCR were used to assess the frequency,cytokine expression of CD19 + CD5 + B cells in the peripheral blood,peritoneal fluids and endometrium biopsies of 35 patients with Endometriosis and 29 patients with myoma of uterus (control subjects).Changes in the CD19+ CD5+ B cell compartment in the peripheral blood were compared before and after treatment.ResultsAll 35 endometriosis patients had higher frequencies(all P ＜0.01 ) of CD19+ CD5 + B cells in the peripheral blood,peritoneal fluids and endometrium biopsies [ (13.1 ± 1.9)％,(12.1 ±2.0)％,(11.7 ± 1.7)％] than 29 control subjects[ (2.9 ±0.8)％,(2.6 ±0.9)％,(2.8 ±1.1 )％ ].CD19 + CD5+ B cells from endometriosis patients expressed higher IFN-γ[ (7.2 ± 1.0) × 103,(7.9±1.3) ×103,(7.4±1.1) ×103 copies] than control subjects [ (1.9±0.7)×103,(2.2±0.8)×103,(2.0 ±0.5) × 103 copies).The endometriosis patients also had higher IL-10 production of CD19 + CD5 + B cells [ (6.4 ±0.9) × 103,(6.8 ± 1.2) × 103,(6.1 ±0.8) × 103 copies] than control subjects [ ( 1.7 ±0.5) × 103,(2.1 ±0.9) × 103,( 1.6 ±0.4) × 103 copies].Compared with control subjects,the endometriosis patients had a clinical response to treatment demomtrated a significant decrease in CD19 + CD5 + B cells in the peripheral blood[ ( 13.1 ± 1.9)％ vs (7.3 ± 1.2)％ ],expressed lower IFN-γ [ (7.2 ± 1.0)×103 copies vs (3.3 ±0.6) × 103 copies],produced less IL-10 [(6.4 ±0.9) × 103 copies vs (3.2 ±0.7) × 103 copies].ConclusionsCD19+ CD5 + B cells might play an important role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis through higher IFN-γand IL-10 expression.

Use of CD25 as an immunohistochemical marker for acquired ocular toxoplasmosis / Uso do CD25 como um marcador imuno-histoquímico de toxoplasmose ocular adquirida

PURPOSE: Toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of posterior infectious uveitis worldwide. It is often impossible to determine its congenital or acquired nature. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) in peripheral blood has been described as a possible marker for acquired toxoplasmosis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the histopathological characteristics of ocular toxoplasmosis cases using CD25 as a marker for the expression of interleukin-2. METHODS: Ten formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded enucleated globes from ten immunocompetent patients with clinical diagnosis of toxoplasmosis were evaluated. Four patients had the acquired form of ocular toxoplasmosis (positive IgM) while six were IgM negative and IgG positive for toxoplasmosis. Histopathological slides were reviewed for the extension of the retinal necrosis, number of toxo cysts, the granulomatous inflammatory reaction, the presence of T and B cells within the choroid and the IL-2 expression. Immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies was performed to observe the expression of CD4, CD8, CD20, CD25, and CD68. RESULTS: The histopathological evaluation disclosed no differences between acquired and the other ocular toxoplasmosis cases regarding the characteristics studied. However, CD25 showed a higher expression of IL-2 on the 4 acquired cases of ocular toxoplasmosis compared to the remainders. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing that the use of CD25 as a marker for interleukin-2 could differentiate acquired ocular toxoplasmosis.

OBJETIVO: Toxoplasmose é a causa mais comum de uveíte posterior no mundo. Em grande parte dos casos, não é possível determinar se a doença ocular é devida a um quadro congênito ou adquirido. Interleucina-2 (IL-2) no sangue periférico foi descrita como um possível marcador de toxoplasmose adquirida. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características de casos de toxoplasmose usando CD25 como um marcador da expressão de interleucina-2. MÉTODOS: Dez olhos enucleados fixados com formalina e embebidos em parafina de dez pacientes imunocompetentes com diagnóstico clínico de toxoplasmose ocular foram examinados. Quatro pacientes tinham a forma adquirida (IgM positivo) enquanto 6 eram IgM negativo e IgG positivo para toxoplasmose. Cortes histopatológicos foram avaliados quanto a extensão de necrose retiniana, número de cistos de T. gondii, reação granulomatosa e presença de células B e T na coróide, bem como a expressão de interleucina-2. Estudo imuno-histoquímico utilizando anticorpos monoclonais foi realizado para determinar a expressão de CD4, CD8, CD20, CD25 e CD68. RESULTADOS: A avaliação histopatológica não mostrou diferenças entre os casos de toxoplasmose ocular com relação às características avaliadas mencionadas anteriormente. Entretanto, CD25 revelou maior expressão de interleucina-2 nos 4 casos adquiridos comparado com os demais. CONCLUSÕES: Expressão elevada de CD25 foi encontrada em todos os casos de toxoplasmose ocular adquirida. Assim, o uso de CD25 como marcador da interleucina-2 pode ser uma ferramenta útil para diferenciar toxoplasmose ocular congênita de adquirida.

Presence of Foxp3-expressing CD19(+)CD5(+) B Cells in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: Human CD19(+)CD5(+)Foxp3(+) Regulatory B Cell (Breg)

Foxp3 is a transcript factor for regulatory T cell development. Interestingly, Foxp3-expressing cells were identified in B cells, especially in CD19(+)CD5(+) B cells, while those were not examined in CD19(+)CD5(-) B cells. Foxp3-expressing CD5(+) B cells in this study were identified in human PBMCs and were found to consist of 8.5+/-3.5% of CD19(+)CD5(+) B cells. CD19(+)CD5(+)Foxp3(+) B cells showed spontaneous apoptosis. Rare CD19(+)CD5(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory B cell (Breg) population was unveiled in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and suggested as possible regulatory B cells (Breg) as regulatory T cells (Treg). The immunologic and the clinical relevant of Breg needs to be further investigated.

Changes of CD19 + CD5 + B cells and BAFF in endometriosis / 中国医师杂志

Objective To explore the changes of frequency, BAFF expression and sensitivity to apoptosis of CD19 + CD5 + B cells in endometriosis patients and investigate the relationship between CD19 +CD5 + B cells and endometriosis. Methods Flow cytometry and quantitative PCR were used to assess the frequency, BAFF expression and sensitivity to apoptosis of CD19+ CD5 + B cells in the peripheral blood,peritoneal fluids and endometrium biopsies of 39 patients with endometriosis and 31 patients with myoma of uterus ( control subjects). Results: All 39 endometriosis patients had higher frequencies ( all P ＜ 0. 01 ) of CD19 + CD5 + B cells in the peripheral blood, peritoneal fluids and endometrium biopsies than that in 31 control subjects. CD19 + CD5 + B cells from endometriosis patients expressed higher BAFF, and were more resistant to CD95L-induced apoptosis than the cells from control subjects ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion CD19 + CD5 + B cells might play an important role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis through higher BAFF expression and more resistance to CD95L-induced apoptosis.

Killing effects of PNP-CD chimeric suicide gene vector on HCC cells / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To investigate the cytotoxic effects and mechanism of PNP-CD chimeric gene vector originated from PNP/MeP-dR system on HCC cells. Methods The fusion suicide gene PNP-CD obtained by site directed mutagenesis technique was subcloned into pcDNA3.0 to construct a eukaryotic expression vector containing a chimeric gene, pcDNA3.0/ PNP-CD. After being identified by recombinant enzyme, PCR and subsequent sequencing, it was transfected into HepG2 cells by liposome-mediation method. The G418-resistant cellular clone with stable transfection of pcDNA3.0/PNP-CD, HepG2/PNP-CD was established by selection. The expression of PNP-CD gene was also verified by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The curve of cellular growth was assayed by Trypan blue exclusion. The cellular sensitivity of HepG2/PNP-CD to its specific prodrugs and its bystander effects were also assayed by MTT method. Results The chimeric gene, PNP-CD, was inserted into pcDNA3.0 correctly, and the stable expression of pcDNA3.0/PNP-CD in HepG2 cells was confirmed.This cellular clone was highly sensitive to its corresponding prodrugs. It was indicated that its bystander effects with the synergetic treatment of its specific prodrugs were substantially higher than those caused by the same vector with the administration of only a single prodrug, MeP-dR. Conclusion The bi-functional fusion suicide gene vector, pcDNA3.0/PNP-CD, yields powerful cytotoxic effects on HCC cells in the presence of the synergetic treatment of its specific prodrugs, which would be a high-performance therapeutic vector in gene therapy for liver cancer.

Expresión fenotípica de las moléculas CD5 y CD6 en la leucemia linfoide crónica B-CD5+ / The B-CD5+ chronic lymphoid leukemia related to the phenotype expression

Las moléculas CD5 y CD6 tienen función coestimuladora y muestran homología en su estructura. Se evaluó la expresión de la molécula CD6 mediante el uso del anticuerpo monoclonal anti-CD6 (T1) en el inmunofenotipaje celular de pacientes con leucemia linfoide crónica By se comparó con la expresión de la molécula CD5.Los resultados demuestranuna homología en la expresión fenotípica de ambas moléculas, CD5 y CD6, lo que asociado con que ambos receptores linfocitarios se encuentran físicamente vinculados, permite sugerir que la molécula CD6 constituye un marcador biológico de interés en la evaluación del pronóstico y la posibilidad de nuevas variantes terapéuticas en esta enfermedad.

CD5 and CD6 molecules have a co-stimulant function and show homology in structure. We assessed CD6 molecule expression using anti-CD6 (T1) monoclonal antibody in the cellular immunophenotyping from patients presenting B chronic lymphoid leukemia, and it was compared to CD5 molecule expression. Results show a homology in phenotype expression of both molecules (CD5 and CD6), what associated with the fact that both lymphocyte receptors are physically linked, allow to suggest that CD6 molecule is a interesting biological marker in prognosis assessment, and the possibility of new therapeutic variants in this disease.