Immunostaining of stromal CD56 cells in ovarian malignancies

SUMMARY OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate CD56 immunostaining in the stroma of benign and malignant ovarian epithelial neoplasms and associate the CD56 immunostaining with prognostic factors and survival in ovarian cancer. METHODS: Patients with ovarian epithelial neoplasia (n=77) were studied with a prospective cohort. The CD56 immunostaining was evaluated in the peritumoral stroma. Two groups were evaluated: benign ovarian neoplasms (n=40) and malignant ovarian neoplasms (n=37). Data were recorded for histological type and grade, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging, molecular subtype, and lymph node metastases. Fisher's exact test and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used, with a significance level of ≤0.05. RESULTS: We found greater CD56 stromal immunostaining in malignant neoplasms when compared to the group of benign neoplasms (p=0.00001). There was no significant difference in relation to the prognostic factors and survival. CONCLUSION: Malignant ovarian neoplasms showed higher stromal CD56 immunostaining. As the prognostic value of natural killer in ovarian cancer is controversial, knowing the specific function of each cell present both in the tumor tissue and systemically may help guide successful immunotherapies in the near future.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm: A clinico-pathological retrospective analysis of thirteen cases / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinicopathological features of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN).@*METHODS@#A total of 13 cases of BPDCN diagnosed in Peking University First Hospital from January 2013 to March 2022 were collected. The clinical features, histopathological characteristics, immunophenotypes and prognosis of the patients were analyzed retrospectively, and the related literatures was reviewed as well.@*RESULTS@#Among the 13 patients, 11 were male and 2 were female, with a median age of 62 years (ranging from 5 to 78 years). Among them, single organ involvement occurred in 5 cases, all of which presented with skin lesions. Two or more organs were involved in other 8 cases (single organ with bone marrow involved in 3 cases; skin, bone marrow and lymph node involved simultaneously in 3 cases; skin, bone marrow, lymph node and spleen involved simultaneously in 2 cases). Histopathologically, it was characterized by the proliferation of medium to large atypical blastic cells, which infiltrated the whole thickness of dermis. When involved, the bone marrow lesions mainly appeared in a diffuse pattern, while the lymph node structure was usually destroyed, and the red pulp of the affected spleen was diffusely invaded. Immunohistochemical staining showed that all the 13 cases were positive for CD4, CD56, and CD123 (13/13) in varying degrees. All the 9 cases expressed TCL1 (9/9). Variable expression of CD68 (KP1) (8/13), TdT (7/12), CD117 (2/6), and high Ki-67 proliferation index (40%~80%) were showed. The neoplastic cells lacked expressions of CD20, CD3, MPO, CD34, or CD30; EBER in situ hybridization were negative (0/9). After definite diagnosis, 6 cases received chemotherapy, among which 1 received adjuvant radiotherapy, and 2 received subsequent bone marrow transplantation. Another 2 cases only received maintenance treatment. The median follow-up time was 14 months (ranging from 6 to 36 months), 5 patients died of the disease (6 to 18 months), 3 patients survived (7 to 36 months up to now), and the remaining 5 patients lost follow-up.@*CONCLUSION@#BPDCN is a rare type of malignant lymphohematopoietic tumor with aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. The diagnosis should be made combining clinical features, histopathology, and immunohistochemical phenotype. Attention should be paid to differentiating BPDCN from other neoplasms with blastoid morphology or CD4+CD56+ tumors.

Prognostic Value of CD56 Expression in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients and Its Related Factors / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the effect of CD56 expression on the prognosis of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients and explore the relationship between CD56 with clinical characteristics.@*METHODS@#In this retrospective study, the clinical data and laboratory parameters of 175 newly diagnosed MM patients from February 2015 to December 2020 in the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University were collected. The patients were divided into CD56+ and CD56- groups based on the expression of CD56, and the general data and laboratory parameters of the two groups were compared. The patients were followed up to June 30, 2021, and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were recorded. PFS and OS curves of the two groups were plotted respectively, and the survival differences were compared. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to analyze the effect of CD56 on the prognosis of newly diagnosed MM patients.@*RESULTS@#In 175 newly diagnosed MM patients, 57(32.6%) cases were in the CD56-group and 118 (67.4%) cases in the CD56+ group. There was significant correlation between CD56 expression and ISS stage, ECOG score, platelets, β2-microglobulin, creatinine, and extramedullary disease (all P <0.05). The incidence of extramedullary disease in the CD56- group was significantly higher than that in the CD56+ group (29.8% vs 12.7%, P =0.006). The median follow-up time of the whole cohort was 23.6 (1.0-78.6) months. The median PFS of patients in CD56+ group and CD56- group were 18.6 (1.2-77.6) and 12.2 (1.0-49.0) months, respectively, and the median OS of the two groups were 27.6 (1.4-77.7) and 19.7 (1.0-78.6) months, respectively. The 2-year PFS rate in the CD56+ group was significantly higher than that in the CD56- group (57.6% vs 36.8%, P =0.010), and the 2-year OS rate in the CD56+ group was higher than that in the CD56- group, but it didn't reach statistical significance (74.6% vs 64.9%, P =0.158). The results of univariate Cox regression analysis showed that the PFS was significantly shorter in newly diagnosed MM patients with advanced age, type IgG, high ECOG score, decreased platelet count, increased lactate dehydrogenase level, extramedullary disease, and CD56- (all P <0.05), the OS was significantly shorter in patients with high ECOG score, decreased platelet count, increased lactate dehydrogenase level, extramedullary disease, and CD56- (all P <0.05). The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that advanced age, type IgG, elevated lactate dehydrogenase level, extramedullary disease, and CD56- were independent prognostic factors for poor PFS (all P <0.05); and decreased platelet count, elevated lactate dehydrogenase level, and extramedullary disease were independent adverse prognostic factors for OS (all P <0.05), while there was no significant independent correlation between CD56 and OS (P >0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Most of the newly diagnosed MM patients have positive expression of CD56. Loss of CD56 expression was associated with unfavorable biological and clinical parameters and poor prognosis, suggesting that CD56 has important clinical value in the prognosis of newly diagnosed MM patients.

Precursor B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients with aberrant natural killer cell and T cell - lineage antigen expression: experience from a tertiary cancer care center

Abstract Introduction Flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) plays a major role in diagnosing hematologic malignancies. In patients diagnosed with precursor B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), expression of certain non-lineage/cross lineage antigens is of prognostic and cytogenetic relevance. There is a paucity of studies that have comprehensively analyzed the clinical and laboratory profiles of B-ALL patients showing aberrant T/natural killer (NK) cell antigen expression. Materials and methods This is a prospective study where 152 consecutive B-ALL patients were analyzed for aberrant expression of T/NK cell antigens (CD1a, CD5, CD4, CD7, CD8 and CD56) by FCI. The clinical and laboratory profile of these T/NK-cell antigen-expressing B-ALL patients was statistically analyzed against conventional B-ALL patients. Results In our B-ALL cohort, CD5, CD7 and CD56 expression were observed in one, six and nine patients, respectively. CD56-expressing B-ALL patients were predominantly children (89%) and presented as standard clinical risk (p = 0.010) disease with frequent ETV6-RUNX1 fusion (p = 0.021) positivity. On the contrary, CD7-expressing B-ALL patients were adolescent-young adult/adult-age skewed (83%) and had an adverse cytogenetic profile (p = 0.001), especially for the frequent presence of BCR-ABL1 fusion (p = 0.004) and KMT2A rearrangement (p = 0.045). CD7-expressing B-ALL patients had inferior event-free survival (p = 0.040) than their CD56-expressing counterparts, but there was no significant difference in the overall survival (p = 0.317). Conclusion In comparison to conventional B-ALL patients, there are significant differences in the age, cytogenetic profile and event-free survival of T/NK-cell antigen-expressing B-ALL patients.

The prognostic relationship between CD56 expression and newly diagnosed multiple myeloma / 中华内科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the prognostic value of CD56 expression in newly diagnosed MM (NDMM).Methods:A total of 332 NDMM patients were enrolled in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 1, 2011 to January 1, 2021, with a median age of 60 years and a male to female ratio of 1.2∶1. CD56 expression on myeloma cells was detected by flow cytometry before induction therapy. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) data were collected. In order to reduce the confounding factors, the propensity score matching technique was used to match CD56 positive versus negative patients at a ratio of 1∶1.Results:Among 332 patients, CD56 positivity rate was 65.1% (216/332). Patients with CD56 expression had significantly longer median OS (58.4 vs. 43.1 months, P=0.024) and PFS (28.7 vs. 24.1 months, P=0.013) than those with negative CD56. Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses showed that CD56 expression was positively correlated with OS ( HR=0.644, 95 %CI 0.438-0.947, P=0.025) and a favorable prognostic factor for PFS ( HR=0.646, 95 %CI 0.457-0.913, P=0.013). The favorable effect of CD56 expression on PFS was confirmed in multivariate analysis ( HR=0.705, 95 %CI 0.497-0.998, P=0.049), but OS was not affected ( P>0.05).In the propensity score matching analysis, 194 patients with 97 in each group were identified. CD56 positivity consistently predicted longer PFS (34.2 vs.25.1 months, P=0.047), but not OS (63.4 vs.43.1 months, P=0.056). Conclusion:These results demonstrate that CD56 expression is a favorable prognostic factor for PFS of newly diagnosed MM patients.

Expression of CK19, CD56, and Galectin-3 Tumor Markers in Different Types of Thyroid Carcinoma

Background: Thyroid disorders represent a major problem in Saudi Arabia, particularly in the northern part of the country. The objective of the current study was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of CK19, CD56, and Gal-3 in a series of Saudi patients with thyroid carcinoma in Northern Saudi Arabia (Hail) region. Methodology: This is a retrospective study, investigated 50 formalin-fixed paraffin wax tissue blocks with a confirmed diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma from Northern Saudi Arabia. Immunohistochemistry demonstration was for CK19, CD56, and Gal-3 markers applying Avidin-Biotin method. Results: Out of the 50 patients, 45(90%) were females and 5(10%) were males, aged 13-70 years old with a mean age of 43 years. CK19 was positively expressed in 74% of the thyroid carcinoma. Positive CD56 expression was demonstrated in 45.7%, 58.3%, and 100% of the papillary, follicular and undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas, correspondingly. Positive Galectin-3 expression was demonstrated in 71.4%, 58.3%, and 100% of the papillary, follicular and undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas, correspondingly. Conclusion: Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common thyroid cancer in Northern Saudi Arabia. Females represent more than 90% of the cases of the thyroid carcinoma in Northern Saudi Arabia. CK19, CD56, and Gal-3 are useful for the assessment of thyroid carcinoma.

The Usefulness of Immunocytochemistry of CD56 in Determining Malignancy from Indeterminate Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology

BACKGROUND: Fine-needle aspiration cytology serves as a safe, economical tool in evaluating thyroid nodules. However, about 30% of the samples are categorized as indeterminate. Hence, many immunocytochemistry markers have been studied, but there has not been a single outstanding marker. We studied the efficacy of CD56 with human bone marrow endothelial cell marker-1 (HBME-1) in diagnosis in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) category III. METHODS: We reviewed ThinPrep liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples with Papanicolaou stain from July 1 to December 31, 2016 (2,195 cases) and selected TBSRTC category III cases (n = 363). Twenty-six cases were histologically confirmed as benign (six cases, 23%) or malignant (20 cases, 77%); we stained 26 LBC slides with HBME-1 and CD56 through the cell transfer method. For evaluation of reactivity of immunocytochemistry, we chose atypical follicular cell clusters. RESULTS: CD56 was not reactive in 18 of 20 cases (90%) of malignant nodules and showed cytoplasmic positivity in five of six cases (83%) of benign nodules. CD56 showed high sensitivity (90.0%) and relatively low specificity (83.3%) in detecting malignancy (p = .004). HBME-1 was reactive in 17 of 20 cases (85%) of malignant nodules and was not reactive in five of six cases (83%) of benign nodules. HBME-1 showed slightly lower sensitivity (85.0%) than CD56. The specificity in detecting malignancy by HBME-1 was similar to that of CD56 (83.3%, p = .008). CD56 and HBME-1 tests combined showed lower sensitivity (75.0% vs 90%) and higher specificity (93.8% vs 83.3%) in detecting malignancy compared to using CD56 alone. CONCLUSIONS: Using CD56 alone showed relatively low specificity despite high sensitivity for detecting malignancy. Combining CD56 with HBME-1 could increase the specificity. Thus, we suggest that CD56 could be a useful preoperative marker for differential diagnosis of TBSRTC category III samples.

CD56 expression in benign and malignant thyroid lesions

@#Introduction: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy with more than 95% originating from follicular epithelial cells. Diagnostic dilemma may arise in occasional cases such as when an encapsulated nodule with a follicular growth pattern exhibits clear nuclei with grooves making it difficult to distinguish a follicular adenoma from encapsulated follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of an immunohistochemical marker, CD56, to distinguish between benign and malignant thyroid lesions. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively studied CD56 expression in 54 benign and 54 malignant thyroid lesions using archival formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks for the study period from January 2010 to December 2015, diagnosed in a tertiary hospital. Results: CD56 was expressed in 52/54 (96.3%) of benign specimens and only 24/54 (44.4%) of malignant ones. The malignant specimens comprised 31 (57.4%) papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC), 11 (20.3%) follicular carcinomas (FC), seven (13%) medullary thyroid carcinomas (MC), one (1.9%) poorly differentiated carcinoma (PC) and four (7.4%) anaplastic carcinomas (AC). CD56 was not expressed in 28/31 (90.3%) of the PTCs, 1/11 (9.1%) FCs, 1/4 (25%) of ACs while all MCs and the PD were positive. The benign group comprised nodular hyperplasias (29/54), lymphocytic thyroiditis (10/54), follicular adenomas (FA) (14/54) and one hyalinising trabecular tumour. CD56 was expressed in all the benign cases except one FA and one nodular hyperplasia. Thirteen of the 14 FAs were CD56 positive. The difference in expression between benign and malignant tumours was statistically significant as the p value was <0.01. Conclusion: CD56 is a potentially good immunohistochemical marker for differentiating papillary thyroid carcinoma from other benign follicular lesions of the thyroid especially in differentiating follicular variant PTC from FA in equivocal cases.

Cytotoxic activity and subset populations of peripheral blood natural killer cells in patients with chronic pain

BACKGROUND: Chronic pain reportedly exerts complex effects on immune function. Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that play a critical role in cellular and innate immunity. This study examined changes in the subset populations and cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood NK cells in patients with chronic pain. METHODS: Thirty patients with chronic moderate-to-severe pain (group P) and age-matched pain-free subjects (group NoP) were enrolled. Peripheral whole blood was analyzed for the percentage and expression of NK cell surface markers (CD56 and CD16) by flow cytometry. Cytotoxic activity was assayed by evaluating CD69 expression on CD3−/CD56+NK cells. RESULTS: The percentage of NK cells among total lymphocytes was not significantly different between groups P and NoP (16.3 ± 9.3 vs. 20.2 ± 10.5%). Likewise, the percentages of two major NK cell subsets, CD56bright and CD56dim, were also not significantly different between the two groups. However, the percentage of CD56bright/CD16+ subset, was slightly but significantly increased in group P (1.0 ± 0.9%; P < 0.01) compared with group NoP (0.5 ± 0.6%). The cytotoxicity of NK cells was not different between the two groups, showing similar CD69 expression (P vs. NoP = 29.2 ± 15.2 vs. 32.0 ± 15.0%). These findings were not influenced by pain intensity, opioid use, or disease causing pain in group P. CONCLUSIONS: NK cell cytotoxic activity and major subset populations, with the exception of an increased percentage of the CD56bright/CD16+ subset, are not significantly altered in patients with chronic severe pain.

Loss of expression of the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (NCAM1) in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors: a new diagnostic marker?

Background: Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) are aggressive embryonal tumors of the central nervous system. They are largely characterized by inactivating mutations of the SMARCB1 tumor suppressor gene. AT/RT patients have a very poor prognosis and no standard therapeutic protocol has been defined yet. Recently, multimodal therapy with multiple drug combinations has slightly improved the overall survival, however drug toxicity remains high. In this scenario, a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease is needed. Methods: We evaluated the gene expression profile of AT/RT samples to find new genetic factors contributing to the pathophysiology of the disease. We found target genes significantly differentially expressed between AT/RT and medulloblastoma (MB), the most common embryonal brain tumor. The mRNA expression was validated by quantitative real-time PCR and, at the protein level, expression was validated by immunohistochemistry in an independent set of tumors. Results: The Neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM1) gene was found to be consistently downregulated in AT/RT samples when compared to MB and normal brain tissue. Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of NCAM1 in AT/RT was significantly lower than that of MB. Conclusion: NCAM1 is an important molecule involved in neuron-to-neuron and neuron-to-muscle adhesion during development. Downregulation of NCAM1 has been implicated in several human cancers suggesting that it might have a tumor repressor role. In this study we found a significantly reduced expression of NCAM1 in AT/RT when compared to MB and we suggest that this feature can be used as a diagnostic marker, along with demonstration of SMARCB1 (INI1) or SMARCA4 (BRG1) inactivation. The roles of NCAM1 in the pathophysiology of AT/RT are still to be determined (AU)

Plasma cell malignancies with t(11;14): clinical analysis of 380 cases / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of plasma cell malignancies with t(11;14) and the effect of t(11;14) on prognosis. Methods A cohort of 380 newly diagnosed patients with plasma cell malignancies were analyzed,including 146 females and 234 males.There were 370 cases of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM), as well as 10 cases of primary plasma cell leukemia (PCL). The relationship between the categorical variables was evaluated by using the bilateral Fisher exact probability test, with 95 % confidence interval. Results Of 370 NDMM cases, t(11;14) was detected in 101 cases (27.3 %). Of 10 PCL cases, 8 cases displayed t(11;14). The detection rate of t(11;14) was significantly higher in IgD, IgM and non-secreting MM [50.9 % (27/53)] than that in IgA MM [21.6 % (16/78)] and IgG [28.4 % (52/183)] (both P= 0.002). The rate of CD56+in t(11;14) positive group was lower than that in t(11;14) negative group [51.6 % (48/93) vs. 72.0 % (167/232), P= 0.001], and the rate of CD117+was also significantly decreased [23.7 % (22/93) vs. 37.7 % (87/231), P= 0.019]. There were 86 cases of non-t(11;14) IgH rearrangement in 269 cases of NDMM without t(11;14), which mainly were t(4;14) or t(14;16). The detection rate of high risk MM was only 11.9 %(12/101)in t(11;14)positive group,while that rate was 27.5 % (74/269) in t(11;14) negative group, the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Conclusion MM with t(11;14)displays distinct biological,clinical and laboratory features,it is a heterogeneous disease.

Plasma cell malignancies with t(11;14): clinical analysis of 380 cases / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of plasma cell malignancies with t(11;14) and the effect of t(11;14) on prognosis. Methods A cohort of 380 newly diagnosed patients with plasma cell malignancies were analyzed,including 146 females and 234 males.There were 370 cases of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM), as well as 10 cases of primary plasma cell leukemia (PCL). The relationship between the categorical variables was evaluated by using the bilateral Fisher exact probability test, with 95 % confidence interval. Results Of 370 NDMM cases, t(11;14) was detected in 101 cases (27.3 %). Of 10 PCL cases, 8 cases displayed t(11;14). The detection rate of t(11;14) was significantly higher in IgD, IgM and non-secreting MM [50.9 % (27/53)] than that in IgA MM [21.6 % (16/78)] and IgG [28.4 % (52/183)] (both P= 0.002). The rate of CD56+in t(11;14) positive group was lower than that in t(11;14) negative group [51.6 % (48/93) vs. 72.0 % (167/232), P= 0.001], and the rate of CD117+was also significantly decreased [23.7 % (22/93) vs. 37.7 % (87/231), P= 0.019]. There were 86 cases of non-t(11;14) IgH rearrangement in 269 cases of NDMM without t(11;14), which mainly were t(4;14) or t(14;16). The detection rate of high risk MM was only 11.9 %(12/101)in t(11;14)positive group,while that rate was 27.5 % (74/269) in t(11;14) negative group, the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Conclusion MM with t(11;14)displays distinct biological,clinical and laboratory features,it is a heterogeneous disease.

Extremely Well-Differentiated Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Resembling Adenomatous Hyperplasia Can Metastasize to the Skull: A Case Report

We describe herein histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings and clinical manifestations of a rare case of an extremely well differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma (EWD-PTC). Similarly, it is also difficult to diagnose follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC), whose diagnosis is still met with controversy. A recently reported entity of well-differentiated tumor of uncertain malignant potential (WDT-UMP) is added to the diagnostic spectrum harboring EWD-PTC and FVPTC. We report this case, because EWD-PTC is different from FVPTC in its papillary architecture, and also from WDT-UMP in its recurrence and metastatic pattern. These morphologically deceptive entities harbored diagnostic difficulties in the past because the diagnosis depended solely on histology. However, they are now diagnosed with more certainty by virtue of immunohistochemical and molecular studies. We experienced a case of EWD-PTC, which had been diagnosed as adenomatous hyperplasia 20 years ago and manifested recurrence with lymph node (LN) metastasis 7 years later. After another 7 years of follow-up, a new thyroid lesion had developed, diagnosed as FVPTC, with LN metastasis of EWD-PTC. One year later, the patient developed metastatic FVPTC in the skull. Immunohistochemically, the EWD-PTC was focally positive for CK19, negative for galectin-3, and focally negative for CD56. Molecular studies revealed BRAF-positivity and K-RAS negativity. The FVPTC in the left thyroid showed both BRAF and K-RAS negativity. In conclusion, EWD-PTC and FVPTC share similar histologic features, but they are different tumors with different molecular biologic and clinical manifestations. A large cohort of EWD-PTC should be included in further study.

The Intraoperative Immunohistochemical Staining of CD56 and CK19 Improves Surgical Decision for Thyroid Follicular Lesions

BACKGROUND: When differential diagnosis is difficult in thyroid follicular lesions with overlapping histological features, the immunohistochemical staining can help confirm the diagnosis. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of rapid immunohistochemical stains of CD56 and cytokeratin 19 on frozen sections of thyroid follicular lesion and explore the possible gains and limitations of the practice. METHODS: Eighty-six nodules of 79 patients whose intraoperative frozen sections were selected as the control group, and 53 nodules of 48 patients whose intraoperative frozen sections were subject to rapid immunohistochemistry were selected as the study group. RESULTS: Five nodules (6%) in the control group were diagnosed as follicular neoplasm and six nodules (7%) were deferred. In the study group, six nodules (11%) were follicular neoplasm and none were deferred. Three nodules (4%) in the control group showed diagnostic discrepancy between the frozen and permanent diagnoses, but none in the study group. The average turnaround time for the frozen diagnosis of the control group was 24 minutes, whereas it was 54 minutes for the study group. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative rapid immunohistochemical stains significantly decreased the diagnostic discrepancy in this study. Considering the adverse effects of indefinite frozen diagnosis or discrepancy with permanent diagnoses, the intraoperative rapid immunohistochemical stain can help to accurately diagnose and hence provide guidance to surgical treatment.

Research on relationship between CD244 and phenotype and function of CD56bright NK cells of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship between CD244 and the phenotype and function of CD56bright NK cells of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods: PBMCs were isolated from peripheral blood by density gradient centrifugation.The expression of CD244,CD94,NKG2D on the CD56bright NK cells from the active pulmonary tuberculosis patients and healthy controls was detected by flow cytometry.And then analyzed the relationship of the expression of CD244 with Tim3,CD27,CD62L,CCR7,IFN-γ and CD107a in CD56bright NK cells by flow cytometry.Results: The expression of CD244 on the CD56bright NK cells showed no significant difference between the patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy controls without MTB antigen.The expression of CD244 was significantly increased on CD56bright NK cells of patients with tuberculosis stimulated with MTB antigen.The expression of CD94 and NKG2D on CD56bright NK cells showed no difference between patients and healthy controls.The proportion of Tim3+ cells in CD244+CD56bright NK cells was significantly higher than CD244-CD56bright NK cells.While the expression of CD62L and IFN-γ decreased significantly in CD244+CD56bright NK cells.The expression of CD107a on CD56bright NK cells was not significantly different between CD244+ cells and CD244-cells.Conclusion: The expression of CD244 on CD56bright NK cells in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis increased significantly,maybe inhibit IFN-γ co-work with Tim3.CD244 has nothing to do with degranulation of CD56bright NK cells.

Difference expression of CK19, CD56, p53 and its significance in PMC and papillary hyperplasia / 中国现代普通外科进展

Objective:To investigate the difference expression of CK19,CD56,p53 and its significance in PMC and papillary hyperplasia.Methods:112 cases of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and papillary thyroid hyperplasia were selected as the experimental materials from 2013 to 2015 years,compare the expression of CK19,CD56 and p53in the tissues of PMC and PTC;To analyze the relationship between the expression of CD56 and p53 in PMC tissue and pathological parameters.The efficacy analyzed of CK19,CD56 and p53 in the differential diagnosis of PMC and PTH.Result:Expression positive rate of CK19 and p53 in PMC(100％ and 65.33％) was higher than that of PTH (32.43％ and 13.51％),CD56 expression positive rate in PMC (6.67％) was lower than that of PTH (62.16％),and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The positive rate of CK19 expression in PMC was not statistically significant difference in gender,age,lesion size,lymph node metastasis,TNM stage and differentiation degree(P＞0.05).TNM stage Ⅲll+ⅣV patients with p53 positive expression rate(79.31％) was higher than that of stage I+Ⅱ patients(26.52％)(P＜0.05),the positive rates of p53 expression in the high,middle and low differentiation degree respectively were 46.43％,72.73％,85.71％,and the positive rate of p53 expression in patients with different degree of differentiation was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The sensitivity of CK19,CD56 and p53 in the differential diagnosis of PMC and PTH were 100％,93.33％,65.33％,The specificity respectively was 67.57％,62.16％,86.49％,and the accuracy respectively was 89.29％,83.04％,72.32％;The sensitivity of CK19 was the highest,and the specificity of p53 was the highest,and the accuracy of CK19 was highest.Conlusions:The high expression of CK19 and p53 in PMC tissue,but also positive expression in PTH tissues,CD56 showed negative expression in PMC,which can be used as auxiliary indexes of CK19 and p53 in the differential diagnosis of PMC and PTH.

Enfermedad celíaca vs. atrofia villositaria serológicamente negativa: similitudes y diferencias histológicas y en el perfil inmunohistoquímico de linfocitos CD3, CD4, CD8 y CD56 / Celiac disease and negative serology villous atrophy: histological comparison and immunohistochemical study of CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD56 lymphocytes

Existe un grupo de enteropatía conocidas como AVSN que pueden simular enfermedad celíaca. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es describir los hallazgos histológicos y de inmunohistoquímica en pacientes con enfermedad celíaca y AVSN. Material y métodos: 15 biopsias de pacientes con enfermedad celíaca y 19 biopsias con AVSN fueron reexaminados. Se estudió características histológicas tales como atrofia severa, hiperplasia de criptas, número de células plasmáticas, número de eosinófilos y presencia de neutrófilos. Asimismo, a través de inmunohistoquímica se estudió la presencia de linfocitos CD4, CD8, CD3, CD56. Resultados: Se encontró diferencia significativa en la mayor presencia de hiperplasia de criptas (p=0,0348) y mayor número de células plasmáticas (p=0,0348) en las biopsias de enfermedad celíaca que en las catalogadas como AVSN. El número de linfocitos CD8, CD4, CD56 y su distribución fue similar en ambos grupos. El porcentaje de linfocitos intraepiteliales CD3 positivos (p=0,0144) fue mayor en pacientes con AVSN. Conclusión: Los hallazgos histológicos e inmunohistoquímicos muestran más similitudes que diferencias. La diferencia hallada en nuestro estudio sugiere mayor respuesta inmune humoral en pacientes con enfermedad celiaca que en AVSN...

There is a group of enteropathies recently known as seronegative villous atrophy (SNVA), which can simulate celiac disease. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe histological and immunohistochemical differences between a group of Celiac disease and SNVA patients. Material and methods: Microscopy reexamination and Immunohistochemistry study were performed for a group of 15 celiac patients and 19 SNVA patients. Histological features as severe atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, plasma cells number, eosinophils number, neutrophils presence were studied; CD4, CD8, CD3, and CD56 markers were studied through immunohistochemistry. Results: There was a significant difference between the frequency of observation of crypt hyperplasia (p=0.0348) and plasma cells (p=0.0348) in celiac disease patients than SNVA patients. In celiac disease was bigger. The number and distribution of CD 8, CD4 and CD56 lymphocytes was similar in both groups. The percentage of CD3 positive intraepithelial lymphocytes (p=0.0144) was higher in SNVA. Conclusion: Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation shows more similarities than differences. The differences found in this study suggest more humoral immune response in celiac disease than in SNVA...

Linfoma T intestinal monomórfico CD56+. Primer caso informado en Colombia y revisión de la literatura / Monomorphic Intestinal T-Cell Lymphoma. First reported case in Colombia and review of the literature

Se informa el caso de una mujer de 80 años con hallazgo incidental de masa abdominal en mesogastrio. Se le realiza resección de intestino delgado por sospecha de absceso con síndrome adherencial. El estudio patológico de la pieza quirúrgica demostró compromiso por linfoma no Hodgkin T monomórfico CD56+. Los linfomas T del tubo digestivo son inusuales; corresponden al 5% de las neoplasias linfoides de esta localización. El linfoma intestinal T monomórfico CD56+ corresponde a 10-20% de los linfomas T intestinales. Se presenta en regiones donde la enfermedad celiaca es infrecuente y no se asocia a enteropatía. Su curso es agresivo y habitualmente se manifiesta como una emergencia quirúrgica por obstrucción o perforación intestinal.

80 year old woman with incidental finding of abdominal mass in midgut, in which small bowel resection is performed for suspected abscess associated to surgical adhesions. Pathological examination of the surgical specimen showed a monomorphic CD56+ T cell lymphoma. T-cell lymphomas of the digestive tract are rare, accounting for 5% of all lymphoid neoplasms in this location. Monomorphic CD56+ intestinal T cell lymphoma corresponds to 10 - 20% of T cell intestinal lymphomas. This tumor occurs in regions where celiac disease is rare and it is not associated with enteropathy. Its course is aggressive and usually manifests as a surgical emergency by intestinal obstruction or perforation.

Analysis of the phenotypes and the function of CD56+T cells during primary HIV-1 infection / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the changes of phenotypes and function of CD56+T cells during primary HIV-1 infection and their relationship with disease progression.Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from 53 subjects with primary HIV-1 infection and 31 HIV-1-negative healthy subjects.The percentages of CD56+T cells and the expression of several phenotypic markers on CD56+T cells including CD16, CD161, NKB1, NKG2A, NKp46, NKG2D, NKG2C and CD158a were analyzed by flow cytometry.IFN-γand TNF-αreleased by CD56+T cells with and without K562 stimulation and the levels of cytotoxic molecular CD107a were measured.Results The percentages of CD56+T cells in patients with primary HIV-1 infection were significantly lower than those of healthy subjects (P=0.025). The levels of CD56+T cells were negatively related to the viral loads in plasma samples ( P=0.021, r=-0.316).Compared with healthy subjects, the expression of CD16 (P=0.003), CD161 (P=0.023), NKB1 (P=0.023) and NKp46 (P=0.021) on CD56+T cells were decreased in patients with primary HIV-1 infection.The levels of NKB1 were positively related to the CD4+T cell counts ( P=0.007, r=0.364), but were negatively related to the viral loads in plasma samples (P=0.030, r=-0.299).Sponta-neous secretion of IFN-γand TNF-αby CD56+T cells and the expression of CD107a were dramatically in-hibited in patients with primary HIV-1 infection as compared with healthy subjects ( all P<0.001 ) . Moreover, the killing ability of CD56+T cells against K562 target cells was weakened in patients with prima-ry HIV-1 infection as the levels of IFN-γ-, TNF-α-and CD107a-producting CD56+T cells were significantly decreased (P<0.001 for IFN-γand TNF-α, P=0.016 for CD107a).Conclusion Inhibited expression and altered phenotypes of CD56+T cells were identified during primary HIV-1 infection.Lower levels of cy-tokines and cytotoxic molecular were also detected, indicating the dysfunction of CD56+T cells appeared dur-ing early stage of HIV-1 infection and was associated with disease progression.

Clinical Significance of CK19, CD56 and p53 in differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and thyroid papillary hyperplasia / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To investigate the expression and diagnostic significance of CK19,CD56 and p53 protein in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and thyroid papillary hyperplasia.Methods The expressions of CK19、CD56 and p53 protein were detected in 52 cases of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and 31 of thyroid papillary hyperplasia by iImmunohistochemical methods.Results The positive rate of CK19 expression was 100 ％ (52/52) of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and 29.0 ％ (9/31) in 31 of thyroid papillary hyperplasia.There was significant difference between two groups (P ＜ 0.001).CK56 in 2 cases (3.8 ％) of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma appeared mild positive expression,and in 20 cases (66.7 ％) of thyroid papillary hyperplasia positive expression (P ＜ 0.001).The positive expression rates of p53 were 69.2 ％(36/52) in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and 6.5 ％ (2/31) in thyroid papillary hyperplasia (P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion CK19,CD56 and p53 may be important value on differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma from thyroid papillary hyperplasia,and they are the indispensable markers of differential diagnosis.