ABSTRACT
Glutathione is a tri-peptide that plays key roles in antioxidation and detoxification. At present, research on glutathione metabolism mainly focuses on anabolism. And little is known about its catabolismin the cytoplasm. With the discovery of glutathione-specific γ-glutamylcyclotransferase ChaC1, thecatabolism of glutathione in the cytoplasm has gradually been unveiled. ChaC1 is one member of the γ-glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT) family, catalyzing the degradation of glutathione and production of Cys-Gly and 5-oxoproline. ChaC1 is highly conserved, with a ~ 88% identity between human and mousegenes. Mutation of E115 in human ChaC1 or E116 in mouse ChaC1 abolishes its enzymatic activity. Notably, ChaC1 deficiency leads to embryonic lethality in the mouse and zebrafish, indicating ChaC1 isessential for embryo development. On the other side, ChaC1 is highly expressed in different types ofcancer and correlates with a poor prognosis, suggesting that ChaC1 also has important pathophysiologicalfunction. In this paper, we review the research progress on the structure, enzymatic activity andexpression pattern of ChaC1 in recent years, and summarize the role of ChaC1 in development anddiseases, providing new insights on the mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.
ABSTRACT
Objective To discuss the adjustment effects of kidney reinforcing medicine on growth and development and the content of choline acetyl transferase (CHAc) in rats with kidney-deficiency constitution. Methods The method of cats scare rats was used to build composite offspring rat models with deficiency and acquired dystrophy, and then the models were divided into model group, Zuogui Pill group and Yougui Pill group. The rats in blank group came from normal pregnant rats. Baby rats were scared and received gavage at the same time. All administration groups received suspension of Zuigui Pills or Yougui Pills. Blank group and model group received the same amount of normal saline, once a day, for 3 months. Growth and development of rats were observed. Weight and food utilization of rats aged 5–8 weeks in each group were recorded. The content of brain CHAc was detected by ELISA. Results When offspring were 5–8 weeks old, weights of rats in the model group were lower than blank group (P<0.01); while weights of rats in Zuogui Pill group and Yougui Pill group increased significantly (P<0.05) and the food utilization was positively correlated with weight; the CHAc content in the model group decreased significantly compared with blank group (P<0.05, P<0.01); while the CHAc content in Zuogui Pill group and Yougui Pill group increased significantly compared with the model group (P<0.01). Conclusion Kidney reinforcing medicine can improve backward growth and development of rats with kidney-deficiency constitution and adjust CHAc in the brain, so as to promote the learning and memory ability of rats with kidney-deficiency constitution.