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Objective@#To evaluate the clinical efficacy of invisible orthodontic appliances without brackets for the distal movement of maxillary molars to improve the ability of orthodontists to predict treatment outcomes.@*Methods@#Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Wanfang Database, CNKI Database, and VIP Database were searched for studies investigating the efficacy of invisible orthodontic appliances for distal movement of maxillary molars in adult patients and published from database inception to August 1, 2023. A total of three researchers screened the studies and evaluated their quality and conducted a meta-analysis of those that met quality standards.@*Results@#This study included 13 pre- and postcontrol trials with a total sample size of 281 patients. The meta-analysis revealed no significant differences in the sagittal or vertical parameters of the jawbone after treatment when compared with those before treatment (P>0.05). The displacement of the first molar was MD=-2.34, 95% CI (-2.83, -1.85); the displacement was MD=-0.95, 95% CI (-1.34, -0.56); and the inclination was MD=-2.51, 95% CI (-3.56, -1.46). There was a statistically significant difference in the change in sagittal, vertical, and axial tilt of the first molar before and after treatment. After treatment, the average adduction distance of the incisors was MD=-0.82, 95% CI (-1.54, -0.09), and the decrease in lip inclination was MD=-1.61, 95% CI (-2.86, -0.36); these values were significantly different from those before treatment (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Invisible orthodontic appliances can effectively move the upper molars in a distal direction and control the vertical position of the molars. When the molars move further away, there is some degree of compression and distal tilt movement, which is beneficial for patients with high angles. The sagittal movement of incisors is beneficial for improving the patient's profile.
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Abstract@#Schools are key sites for the prevention and control of public health emergencies. Through literature review, determinants of public health emergencies in schools include emergency management awareness, framework, capacity and health care resources. To further improve the emergency management system for public health emergencies in schools, the following measures are recommended:improving the laws and regulations, as well as organizational system for emergency prevention and control in schools, promoting multi party coordination mechanism, enhancing emergency prevention and control capabilities, strengthening health resource protection, and strengthening the construction of emergency culture.
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Objective@#To understand vulnerability to psychological crisis among rural college students and its related factors, so as to provide reference for the prevention or intervention of psychological crisis among rural college students.@*Methods@#A total of 3 560 rural college students from grade one to grade three from five universities were selected using convenient cluster sampling method from January to September 2022 in Nanyang City. General information, vulnerability to psychological crisis, parenting style and Scale of Perceived Social Self efficacy (PSSE) were collected and analyzed through questionnaire.@*Results@#Among the investigated rule college students, the score of psychological crisis vulnerability and spoiling dimension of parenting style were (10.76± 3.46 ) points and (2.68±0.55) points, while the score of trust encouragement dimension of parenting style and PSSE were (2.52± 0.62 ) points and (3.29±0.61) points. Pearson correlation analysis showed that vulnerability to psychological crisis of rural students was positively correlated with spoiling and neglect ( r =0.32, 0.49), and was negatively correlated with trust encouragement, emotional warmth and PSSE ( r =-0.38, -0.53, -0.51)( P <0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that single parent family or other families, poor students, left behind experience, high score of spoiling and high score of neglect revealed high psychological crisis vulnerability ( P <0.05). High score of trust encouragement, high score of emotional warmth and PSSE were associated with low vulnerability to psychological crisis ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Vulnerability to psychological crisis among rural college students is higher, which is related to the family structure, students whether they are poor, leftover experience, parenting style and PSSE. Mental health among rural college students should be promoted by strengthening communication with students parents and cultivating students social self efficacy.
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Objective@#To investigate the smartphone addiction among college students during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its association with daily behaviors and mental health,and to provide reference for heath education and psychological counseling for college students.@*Methods@#An observational study using online quyestionnaire was conducted among 10 357 college students of two provincial medical schools in Guangdong and Shanxi Province from February 24th to March 4th in 2020. Participants were investigated on demographic information, smartphone addiction, daily routine, physical activity, weight status, anxiety, and other health information. Logistic regression with inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) based on propensity score was used to analyze the association between smartphone addiction with daily behavior and mental health.@*Results@#The prevalence of smartphone addiction was 59.42%. The prevalence of phone addiction was higher in postgraduates, senior undergraduates, students with non-medical major, students living in GuangDong and those without regular exercise habit before vacation(χ 2=47.91，17.78，42.75，138.58，P<0.05). With IPTW, there were significant associations between smartphone addiction and late bedtimes (OR=1.82, 95%CI=1.66-1.98) and wake-up times (OR=1.55, 95%CI=1.44-1.68), more sedentary behaviors (OR=1.21, 95%CI=1.12-1.31), less moderate to vigorous physical activity (OR=1.33, 95%CI=1.22-1.44), anxiety (OR=2.98, 95%CI=2.52-3.40), weight gain(OR=1.27，95%CI=1.17-1.37) and other detrimental daily behavior and feelings.@*Conclusion@#High prevalence of smartphone addiction has been observed during the COVID-19 pandemic, with impaired daily behavior and mental health.
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Objective@#To investigate a cluster of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by latent infection in Haikou,so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of COVID-19 clusters. @*Methods@#An epidemiological investigation was conducted according to the COVID-19 Prevention and Control Program(Fourth Edition). The course of diagnosis and treatment,clinical characteristics and field investigation data were collected to analyze the transmission chain and the intergeneration between cases. @*Results @#Among 39 people involved,five confirmed cases and two asymptomatic infections were found,with an attack rate of 17.95%. The cases aged from 40 to 65 years and lived in the dormitories near the farm of Dongshan. The first case(named Case 1)closely contacted with a confirmed case of COVID-19 in Chengmai from January 28 to February 10,was isolated on February 13 and developed symptoms on February 16. The other six cases(Case 2 to Case 7)shared the water source with Case 1 from January 28 to February 13(within the incubation period of Case 1). They needed to open the power switch outside Case 1's room and the water valve in Case 1's washroom before the use of water. They might be infected by contacting the doorknob and the water valve contacted by Case 1,or by the aerosol formed after Case 1 used the washroom,then infected each other when living together. The onset of Case 2 to Case 7 was earlier than Case 1,and they had no travelling history in Hubei Province 14 days before and contacted no confirmed cases except Case 1. Therefore,Case 1 was the source of the cluster during his incubation period of COVID-19. @*Conclusion@#This was a cluster of COVID-19 due to latent transmission by living in the same area and touching the same objects indirectly,which indicated that COVID-19 was infectious in the incubation period.
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Objective@#To investigate college students’ energy drink(ED) consumption and associated factors, and to provide a reference for maintaining college students’ mental and physical health.@*Methods@#Stratified cluster sampling was used to select 2 264 college students to complete questionnaires for the condition of energy drinking and associated influencing factors.@*Results@#Within a month, 51.0% college students had drunk ED, 46.8% students’ drinking frequency was ≤9 times, 4.2% students’ drinking frequency was ≥10 times; there were significant differences in different gender, major, grade, BMI, smoking, drinking, gambling and weight controlling behaviors students’ ED consumption frequency(χ2 were 168.91, 149.08, 92.92, 25.20, 83.42, 85.77, 11.50, 20.50 respectively, both P<0.01), the males’(65.6%) was higher than the females’ (38.2%), the sports majors’(74.1%) was higher than the arts’, sciences’ and painting majors’(45.6%, 44.6%, 42.2%), the freshmen and sophomores’(58.9%, 58.2%) were higher than the juniors’(37.4%), the normal and overweight-obesity BMIs’(53.5%, 54.4%) were higher than the too low BMIs’(40.5%), the smokers’(68.4%) was higher than the non-smokers’(45.7%), the drinkers’(63.5%) was higher than the non-drinkers’(43.4%), the gamblers’(62.1%) was higher than the non-gamblers’(49.8%), the dieters’(53.9%) was higher than the non-dieters’(43.2%); the gender, major, grade, smoking, drinking and weight controlling behaviors were associated factors on college students’ energy drink consumption, males‘consumption was more than female’s(OR=3.13), freshmen and sophomores’ consumption were more than juniors’ (OR=2.40, 2.23), the students’ consumption of sports majors was more than that of science and painting major(OR=0.28, 0.48), students with smoking, drinking and losing weight consumed more ED than students without these behaviors(OR=0.77, 0.80, 0.79).@*Conclusion@#More than half college students had drunk ED; society,school and home should pay attention to this phenomenon, and take measures to reduce ED consumption frequency, to maintain students’ physical and mental health.
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Objective@#To examine the prospective effect of cesarean section on pubertal development after controlling the polygenic susceptibility for early puberty in boys and girls,and to provide a reference for choosing a delivervary way beneficial to pubertal development.@*Methods@#Cluster sampling method was used to select 997 students of grade 1 to 3 from 2 priwary schools in Bengbu of Anhui in 2016 to establish the puberty development cohort. Delivery mode,birth weight,gestational age,early teeding way,family income and parental educational background were derived from parental questionnaire. Breast Tanner stage and testicular volume of 997 children were annually assessed. The polygenic risk score (PRS) was computed based on 17 SNPs derived from published genome-wide association studies for early pubertal timing. Kaplan-Meier analyses was used to examine associations between cesarean section with pubertal development in boys and girls.@*Results@#The average age of 997 children was 8.01±0.84 years old, and average BMI was (17.96±2.96) kg/m2. The prevalence of cesarean section for boys and girls was 43.30% and 32.47%, respectively. At baseline, the detection of thelarche in girls delivered by cesarean section (39.89%) was higher than that of girls delivered naturally (4.39%) (χ2=118.65, P<0.01). Similar result was observed during the last follow-up, the detection of thelarche in girls born by cesarean section (95.21%) was higher than girls born vaginally (68.48%), respectively (χ2=51.42, P<0.01). After adjusting for confounding factors (age, BMI, birthweight, infancy feeding, gestational age, household monthly income and parental education), girls delivered by cesarean section had maturation at significantly younger than girls who delivered naturally (Hazard Ratio, HR=1.98，95%CI=1.67-2.34，P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#Caesarean section might increase the risk of earlier age at pubertal onset in a sex-specific manner. Whether natural delivery could be one of the protective measures to prevent early pubertal timing in children warrants further investigation.
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OBJECTIVE： To explore current hot spots in drug research and application，and provide reference of the draft use standard for pharmacy journal editor. METHODS： Taking China Pharmacy （short for our magazine） as example，all literatures published by our magazine and included by CNKI were searched during inception （Jan. 1990） and Mar. 19th， 2019； top 150 literatures [top 100 non-review literatures （NRA） and top 50 review literatures （RA）] were collected according to comprehensive score of downloaded number and citied number as indicators， and then analyzed in respects of publication year，column of NRA，first author’s work unit， subject words； one literatures which the cited number was largest was analyzed separately. RESULTS： Totally 150 literatures were published between 1993 and 2016， while the literature amount reached the maximum value in 2010 （18 articles）. Among NRA， the most were in the columns of “pharmacy administration” （44 articles， 44.00％）， “TCM and ethnic medicine” （18 articles， 18.00％）， “pharmacists and pharmaceutical care” （14 articles， 14.00％）. Among 150 first authors，73 （48.67％） were from college， 62 （41.33％） were from hospital. Subject words of NRA were “status and development” （20 times）， “active ingredient” （14 times）， “international experience” （9 times）， while those of RA were “pharmacological action” （25 times）， “Chinese herbal medicine” （15 times）， “active ingredient” （12 times）. The Principles and Utilization of Sequential Analysis of DDD System of Drug in Hospitals was cited for 1 426 times， which was much higher than the second one （261 times）. CONCLUSIONS： This study can show the good literatures origin and study direction，provide reference to the hot spots for readers. At the same time， high-frequency cited literatures also suggests that researchers can conduct in-depth analysis of controversial and unclear contents in academic circles.
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OBJECTIVE:To know about the hot point and development tendency of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the nearest 20 years and provide reference for the further study. METHODS:Totally 5 000 papers of cited top 1% with the“TCM”themes in CNKI from 1994 to 2013 were collected. With the indicators of cited times and download times,Excel software analysis function,the CiteSpace citation analysis function and bibliometrics were adopted to statistically analyze the research field,main items,chemical constituents,pharmacological activities,published journals,personnel and units,etc. RESULTS:The papers about TCM research quantity in CNKI were increased exponentially in last 20 years,and might enter the platform period hence-forth;totally 15 main research fields,50 TCM and 60 chemical components/portions with strong activity and development prospect were highly noticed and cited;the study of pharmacological activities was the core and the most active area of TCM research,and mainly related to the major diseases and diseases with TCM advantages;totally 60 papers for highly cited were greater than 500 times,devoting 58.8%highly cited papers;40 authors and units screened from annually top 50 cited papers had wider academic in-fluence. CONCLUSIONS:Analyzing the hot point and development tendency of TCM research in the nearest 20 years based on the CNKI highly cited papers can accurately grasp the industry focus,thereby provide a certain reference and data support for tradition-al Chinese medicine research.
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After the features of online analysis tools of CNKI, Wanfang and SCIE were described, the advantages and limitations of their online analysis tools were comparatively analyzed in terms of their data types, data volumes, use conveniences, analysis dimensions, analysis methods and analysis results.