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We reported 2 cases of plantar keratosis (59 years of age, female/39 years of age, male) successfully improved by intake of hot water extract of Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf with Husks. Both subjects were administered coix seed extract containing food for 20 weeks. The lesions improved gradually after 12 weeks, and almost cured by 20 weeks of administration. Although the food seemed to be effective in these cases, further studies are needed to define the optimal dose and duration.
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We evaluated the long-term safety of eight adult volunteers (male 7, female 1: average age 47.4 years) ingesting powdered foods containing Coix-seed Reactive Derivatives (CRD/2.2g/day or 4.4g/day) for 1 year 8 months to 5 years (average 2 years 9 months). Body weight, vital signs (blood pressure, pulse rate), peripheral blood test, blood biochemical test, etc. were observed. We also investigated the presence or absence of side effects. The results showed no notable changes in vital signs or blood test results. From the above, it was speculated that long-term intake of CRD would not pose a safety problem. We plan to continue the study by increasing the number of observation cases in the future.
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Objective: We investigated the effects of Coix-seed Reactive Derivatives (CRD) on fibroblast proliferation and collagen production. Methods: Various concentrations of CRD (0.00001%, 0.0001%, 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.1%, 1%) were added to human fibroblasts, and changes in cell count and extracellular collagen production were measured. Results: Fibroblasts proliferated by the addition of CRD, peaked at about 1.7 times when the CRD concentration was 0.0001%, and then decreased as the addition concentration increased. On the other hand, the collagen concentration in the extracellular matrix of fibroblasts increased as the CRD addition concentration increased, and the collagen concentration increased sharply at 0.1% of CRD concentration or more. Conclusion: It was suggested that CRD has a function of increasing the proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen production.
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The increase in prevalence of diabetes in India is one of the leading causes of blindness due to micro vascular and macro vascular complications. The complications in retina and kidney are due to damage of small vessels. Studies have shown significant association between diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy. In our study, we are discussing the complications during intra and post-operative period and also both anatomical and functional outcome in these patients after vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Both eye and kidney share same vascular pattern. One pre-existing condition can be followed by the other condition due to similar microvascular damage. We wanted to evaluate the outcome of vitrectomy in proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients associated with chronic kidney disease.METHODSThis is a retrospective study done at Sarojini Devi Eye Hospital, Telangana State, South India, over a two-year period from June 2017 to June 2019. Data was collected from old medical records of our institute, from patients who presented to Retina Dept. with various complaints. They were examined in detail, documented and treated based on clinical presentation after clearance from physician. Patients presented with different ocular manifestations like non-resolving vitreous haemorrhage, focal tractional retinal detachment, multi focal tractional retinal detachment like broad based, table top, combined retinal detachment and tractional maculopathy. Patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy with or without silicone oil endotamponade.RESULTSPrognosis in these patients was good only in cases of non-resolving vitreous haemorrhage and focal tractional retinal detachment (47.61%) whereas in cases like multifocal retinal detachment cases outcome was favourable (42.82%) but patients with combined retinal detachment (9.52%) had poor anatomical and visual outcome.CONCLUSIONSManagement of these patients is very difficult when there is severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy with multiple broad vitreo retinal adhesions. Outcome is very poor particularly in patients of severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy associated with chronic kidney disease and coronary artery disease due to intra operative complications
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In this report, we presented the case of a 33-year-old woman who developed excoriation of cuticle on both fingers for over several years. Coix-seed Reactive Derivatives(CRD) was administrated at a dose of 4.0g/day per day. The lesion cured markedly within 8 weeks. Although CRD intake seemed to be effective in this case, further studies are needed to confirmation the efficacy of this food.
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In this report, we presented the case of a 45-year-old man who developed intractable eczema on the thumb-index interdigital fold for over 3 years. Coix-seed Reactive Derivatives(CRD) was administrated at a dose of 2.2g/day per day. The lesion cured markedly within 7 months. Although CRD intake seemed to be effective in this case, further studies are needed to define the optimal dose of this food.
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To clarify the functions of Coix-seed Reactive Derivatives(CRD), we observed 2 cases of plantar wart (case 1. 8 years of age, female/ case 2. 26 years of age, female) successfully cured by intake of CRD for several months. Although CRD intake seemed to be effective in these cases, further studies are needed to define the optimal dose and duration.
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To clarify the functions of Coix-seed Reactive Derivatives(CRD), we observed 3 cases of refractory atopic dermatitis(case 1. 25 years of age, male/ case 2. 40 years of age, female/ case 3. 5 years of age, male) successfully cured by intake of CRD. Although CRD intake seemed to be effective in all cases, further studies are needed to define the optimal dose and duration.
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To clarify the functions of Coix-seed Reactive Derivatives(CRD), we observed 2 cases of plantar keratosis (case 1. 34 years of age, female/ case 2. 29 years of age, female) successfully cured by intake of CRD for several months. Although CRD intake seemed to be effective in these cases, further studies are needed to define the optimal dose and duration.
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We evaluated the effect of Coix-seed Reactive Derivatives (CRD) on cold sensitivity of female hands and feet. Ninety females were assigned randomly to 3 groups and CRD(2g/day, 4g/day or placebo) was administrated for 8weeks. Significant improvement of cold sensitivity was observed in both the 2g/day and 4g/day groups. It was speculated that a naringenin and a quercetin as active ingredients of adlay hull may play a critical role in ameliorating effect on blood flow.
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To clarify the functions of Coix-seed Reactive Derivatives(CRD), we analyzed 13 kinds of phenolic compounds and coixol(an alkaloid) in CRD powder by using Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry(LC-MS).The following are the results: p -Coumaric acid 275.0 (μg/g), p -Hydroxybenzaldehyde 50.2 (μg/g), Caffeic acid 36.9 (μg/g), Protocatechuic acid 31.9 (μg/g), Ferulic acid 27.1 (μg/g), Quercetin 16.2 (μg/g), Syringaldehyde 12.1 (μg/g), Chlorogenic acid 11.3 (μg/g), Naringenin 11.1 (μg/g), Vanillin 9.2 (μg/g), trans -Coniferylaldehyde 9.1 (μg/g), Tricin 0.7 (μg/g), Luteolin 0.5 (μg/g) and Coixol(6-Methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone) 5.5 (μg/g). CRD is composed of many substances other than these phenoic compounds. Therefore, further studies are needed to understand the various clinical features associated with CRD intake.
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Chronic respiratory diseases(CRD) remain a formidable challenge for public health experts acrossthe world due to their ever increasing morbidity and mortality. This study investigated various riskfactors for CRD among rural adults aged 20 years and above. The study was conducted in fourvillages under sub-health centre Domana in Kot Balwal health block and these villages wereselected randomly. For this cross-sectional population based study, a pre-tested respiratory healthquestionnaire was used. Those respondents who were found to be diagnosed cases of CRD werefurther enquired in detail about various risk factors for CRD. Out of 2018 respondents surveyed,177confirmed cases of CRD were detected.Various risk factors like being male, smoking, overcrowding,recurrent chest infections and use of non-clean fuel (wood, cow dung) were found to bestatistically significant. Among other risk factors, ventilation and history of allergy were found tobe highly significant statistically (p< 0.000). Smoking, recurrent chest infections, use of biomass fuel,ventilation and history of allergy were risk factors for CRD in rural adults aged 20 years andabove.
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To clarify the functions of Coix Reactive Derivatives(CRD), we observed 4 cases of refractory acne vulgaris (case 1. 20 years of age, male/ case 2. 46 years of age, female/ case 3. 20 years of age, male /case 4. 28 years of age, female) successfully cured by intake of CRD for several months. Although CRD intake seemed to be effective in all cases, further studies are needed to define the optimal dose and duration.
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Objective: In this study, we evaluated the safety of intake of Coix-seed Reactive Derivatives (CRD) in healthy adult volunteers.Methods: Eight subjects (4 males and 4 females, ages 26.6 ± 4.7) consumed 2.0g CRD/day for 4weeks. We observed weight, vital signs(blood pressure, pulse, body temperature), complete blood count(red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count, and platelet count), hemogram, blood chemistry(Na, K, Cl, AST, ALT, γ-GTP, LDH, ALP, total protein, albumin, A/G, total bilirubin, urea nitrogen, creatinine, cholinesterase, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and neutral fats), coagulation examination (prothrombin time and partial prothrombin time), and urinalysis (sugar, protein, and occult blood in urine).Results: Although several laboratory data (MCHC, MCV and serum creatinine) changed slightly, all of these values were within normal range. Furthermore, no severe adverse effect was observed. Conclusion: These results suggest that CRD intake up to 2g/day is safe in healthy adults. Further study will be needed to define the safety of long-term administration of CRD.
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In this report, we presented the case of a 52-year-old woman who developed intractable nummular eczema of fingers for over 5 years. Coix-seed Reactive Derivatives(CRD) was administrated orally 2.2 g twice a day for 6 months. The lesions cured markedly within one month. Although CRD intake seemed to be effective in this case, further studies are needed to define the optimal dose of this food.
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Friction melanosis is a cutaneous entity characterized by a brownish pigmentation distributed on the skin over bony regions of various sites including a trunk or the limbs, after the use, for many years, of a nylon towel or scrub brush to clean the skin. Moreover, repeated trauma due to friction of clothes on the skin over bony prominences are another factors characterizing its pathogenesis. In this report, we presented the case of a 58-year-old man who developed severe friction melanosis around both knees and lower extremities for about 20 years. Coix-seed Reactive Derivatives (CRD) was administrated orally 2.1g twice a day for 6 months. The lesions of pigmentation diminished markedly within 3 months. Further research is needed to define the optimal dose and duration of CRD intake against friction melanosis.
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Ultraviolet (UV)-induced wrinkle and pigmentation are very common in clinical practice. In this report, we presented the case of a 58-year-old man who developed wrinkle and pigmentation around right hand, face and neck for ten years. Coix-seed Reactive Derivatives (CRD) was administrated orally 2.1g twice a day for 6 months. These lesions were improved in the third month, and a dramatic response was obtained at the end of 6 months of treatment. Further research is needed to define the optimal dose and duration of CRD intake.
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Objective: We examined anti-influenza virus (anti-IFV) activity of Coix-seed Reactive Derivatives (CRD) extract.Methods: H1N1 A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) strain was infected to Malin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells. The infected cells were cultured by medium supplemented CRD extract for 24 h, and the supernatants were harvested to analyze virus titer by focus-forming reduction assay. Polyphenols were removed by PVPP treatment, and anti-influenza virus activity was compared with normal CRD extract. Results: CRD extract showed anti-IFV activity. In addition, CRD extract inhibited viral adsorption and replication. The study of CRD extract by PVPP treatment suggested that polyphenols are the main active component. Conclusion: This study revealed that CRD extract has anti-IFV activity against PR8 strain. The mechanism of action was inhibited viral adsorption and replication. It was also suggested that anti-IFV activity of CRD extract is due to polyphenols.
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Objective To investigate the ophthalmological consultation diseases in the duration of 1 year ophthalmic chief resident training,to identify the breadth and depth of knowledge an ophthalnic chief resident should have.Methods A retrospective analysis of ophthalmological consultation patients in the past 1 year,to identify proportion of the source department and constituent ratio of ophthalmologic consultation disease in top five sections,top five eye diseases and to understand five special consultation need routine ophthalmology examination which an ophthalmic chief resident should be confronted with.Results Among 25 departments which request ophthalmic consultation,the top five closely related sections were the Department of Endocrinology (452 cases,20.9％),Department of ENT (296 cases,14.5％),Department of Cardiology (194 cases,9.5％),Neurological department of internal medicine (154 cases,7.6％) and Department of gerontology (144 cases,7.1％).Among 32 ophthalmologic consultation diseases,clearly the top five diseases were cataract (630 cases,30.9％),refractive error (368 cases,18.1％),diabetic retinopathy (222 cases,10.9％),conjunctivitis (154 cases,7.6％),glaucoma (66 cases,3.2％) and pregnancy induced hypertension retinopathy (66 cases,3.2％).With the development of new technology and the new situation and the doctor's self-protection awareness,five special consultation circumstances were Department of ENT preoperative routine ophthalmology examination (196 cases,9.6％),further clarify the diagnosis of traumatic optic neuropathy (26 cases,1.28％),Department of Hematology pre-transplantation of stem cell ophthalmologic routine examination (22 cases,1.08％),glaucoma excluded before the atropine experiment checking (20 cases,0.98％) and cornea K-F ring further examination (16 cases,0.79％).Conclusion Ophthalmology-related consultation departments are widely distributed,involving more sorts of eye disease,and part of the consultation needs an eye check-up,which requires that ophthalmic chief resident should be a calm demeanor,who has ability on quick judgment of emergency and takes corresponding measures,and meanwhile,he should be a good communicator with other section practitioners and have quality of comprehensive,independent thinking and innovative consciousness of be a scholar ophthalmologist.
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The process of uptake of hexamerins during metamorphosis from insect haemolymph by fat body cells is reminiscent of receptor-mediated endocytosis. Previously, we had identified a hexamerin-binding protein (HBP) and reported for the first time that uptake of hexamerins is dependent on the phosphorylation of HBP partly by a tyrosine kinase, which is, in turn, activated by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). However, the exact nature of HBP and the mechanism of interaction are still unknown. Here we report the possibility of HBP being a GPIanchored protein in the fat body of Achaea janata and its role in the tyrosine-kinase-mediated phosphorylation signalling. Digestion of fat body membrane preparation with bacterial phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC), and the subsequent recognition by antibodies specific for the cross-reacting determinant (CRD), revealed that HBP is glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein and, further, that the hexamerin binding to HBP was inhibited after digestion. Hexamerin overlay assay (HOA) of co-immunoprecipitated in vitro phosphorylated HBP showed exclusive binding to ~120 kDa protein. Lectin-binding analysis of hexamerins revealed the presence of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) and N-acetylglucosamine (GluNAc), whereas HBP showed the presence of GalNac alone. Mild chemical deglycosylation studies and binding interaction in the presence of sugars revealed that glycan moieties are possibly not involved in the interaction between HBP and hexamerins. Taken together, these results suggest that HBP may be a GPI-anchored protein, and interaction and activation of HBP is through lipid-linked non-receptor src tyrosine kinases. However, additional studies are needed to prove that HBP is a GPI-anchored protein.