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Background:The ophthalmological problems occur in approximately half of the patients with advanced HIV infection when the CD4 T cell count is usually well below 50/ul and the increasing number and prolonged survival of AIDS patients means that the ocular lesions associated with this syndrome will become more frequent problem. Material And Methods:This was a case series study with no controls. All HIV positive patients were included in this study with or without ocular involvement.50 known HIV positive cases attending OPD and/or admitted in GM and Associated Hospitals, KGMC, and who were willing to take part in study were enrolled after proper counselling.Detail history of the cases is taken including personal data, occupation, history of any risk factor, detail history of systemic disease and ocular symptom with their duration and course.Results:In our study 33 patients did not have ocular symptoms and signs and the remaining 17 patients were found to have ocular involvement. Among them 6 patients were asymptomatic, but they had ocular signs. Amongst various symptoms 7 patients presented with diminution of vision, one had headache, other visual symptoms including watering itching and foreign body sensation were found in 5 patients. Conclusion:More than half of the cases in this study were either illiterate or had attended primary schooling and mostly from rural area. In view of this there is a need to intensify primary health education programme and awareness about AIDS through mass media and education regarding adaptation of safe sexual practices. The role of Govt. program and various NGOs has become more important in this respect to restrict this 21stcentury epidemic.
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Objective To learn the awareness and related factors of HIV rapid test among commercial sex workers(CSWs)in order to improve the HIV rapid test service. Methods The cross-sectional survey was conducted among CSWs in WenzhouCity and Quzhou City which were divided into high-grade, middle-grade and low-grade. Face to face questionnaire surveywas conducted in the research investigation. The investigation content includes social demographic characteristics, rapiddetection of desire, sexual behavior and HIV testing services. EpiData 3.0 database was used for data entry. Statisticalsoftware SPSS21.0 was used in chi-square and logistic regression analysis of multiple factors. Results A total of 401 CSWswere observed, including 136 people in high-grade, 182 people in middle-grade and 83 people in low-grade. Twohundred and two people and 200 people were investigated respectively in Wenzhou and Quzhou City. The rate of willing toaccept the rapid HIV testing was 56.36%(226) . Analysis by logistic analysis, 30 years old of above(OR=3.312, 95%CI:1.427-7.691), commercial sexual behavior without using condom or casual usage in last 6 month(OR=4.560, 95%CI:2.348-8.855), more than 10 commercial sexual partners(OR=8.767, 95%CI: 2.993-25.677), and having HIV rapidtesting in last year(OR=7.784, 95%CI: 3.108-19.496) were influencing factors for willing to accept HIV rapid testing.Conclusion In CSW HIV/AIDS intervention, adult, few numbers of sexual partners need to be focused. Improving HIVrapid test service, condom using service, and promoting risk sexual awareness may improve the HIV rapid test acceptancewillingness and behavior.
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Background: The sexual behavior of trucking populations has been associated with the transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and HIV in India and elsewhere in the world. The objective of the study was to describe the Health seeking and sexual risks behaviors among the long distance truck drivers and to estimate the prevalence of STI symptoms in the long distance truck driver. Methods: Cross sectional study conducted on the Long Distance truck drivers plying on national highway passing through Bhopal state Highway, who halted at road side group of “Dhabas” (road side hotels) at 3 exits ways of Bhopal City M.P (India). A total of 309 truck drivers approached over a period of 90 days. Out of these 251 consented for the study. Result: The study revealed that 49 % of the long distance truck driver had CSW exposure in last 6 months. The prevalence of STI symptoms was found to be 21.51 % among the long distance truck drivers. The Truck Driver who had exposure with CSW more than five times in the last 6 months were found to be more careless regarding using condoms while having intercourse with the CSW’s. Conclusion: Effort like availability of condoms in the high risk group settings is required. Dhabas should be made to function as a sentinel centre for promoting awareness for HIV/AIDS and STIs.
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En el presente artículo se analiza el tratamiento temprano de las maloclusiones de clase II esquelética en dentición mixta, relacionando el tratamiento con el diagnóstico realizado.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Dentition, Mixed , Extraoral Traction Appliances , Orthodontic Appliances, Removable , Orthodontics, Interceptive/methods , Malocclusion, Angle Class II/diagnosis , Orthodontic Appliances , Patient Care PlanningABSTRACT
En el presente artículo los autores reconocen la importancia de la cefalometría en el estudio de las estructuras internas que afectan el perfil, pero remarcando que es imprescindible acompañarlo de un análisis estético del perfil facial que nos brinde un punto de vista objetivo que nos ayude a planificar el tratamiento y/o analizar los efectos del tratamiento sobre el perfil. Se tratan también los factores a tener en cuenta a la hora de realizar el estudio del perfil facial y que influyen directamente en su resultado del mismo, y que tienen relevancia en nuestra decisión terapéutica. Actualmente, la estética facial está muy valorada por la sociedad en general y en nuestra profesión en particular, por tanto, debemos tener muy presente las opciones terapéuticas con las que contamos para tratar maloclusiones de clase II y su efecto en el perfil del paciente.