Optimizing imaging of inferior vena cava by application of spectral CT single energy combined with ASIR-V / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To explore the application of energy spectrum CT single energy combined with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-Veo (ASIR-V) for optimizing inferior vena cava imaging.Methods:Thirty patients with negative diagnosis or minimal inferior vena cava lesions who underwent CT venography (CTV) of inferior vena cava in the Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University from August 2021 to April 2022 were enrolled in the study, including 11 males and 19 females with the age of (55.4±8.8) years and the body mass index of (23.2±2.8) kg/m2. The mixed energy group images and 5 single energy groups of 50, 55, 60, 65 and 70 keV images were reconstructed from the images in the inferior vena cava phase. The subcutaneous fat noise, CT values, signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) for each segment of the inferior vena cava in 5 sets of single-energy images were measured and evaluated subjectively to determine the best single energy level. The images were reconstructed by combining different weight ASIR-V (20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 80%) algorithms, and images from different weight groups and mixed energy groups were evaluated objectively to determine the best ASIR-V weights which was matched with the best single energy level. All images were scored subjectively by 2 senior radiologists based on image noise, uniformity of vessel filling, sharpness of vessel margins and diagnostic confidence.Results:There were significant differences in subcutaneous fat noise and objective evaluation indexes of each segment of inferior vena cava among the monoenergetic groups (all P<0.05), each objective evaluation index increased with the decrease of energy level, the maximum value was obtained in the 50 keV group. The subjective scores of the 5 groups were consistent by the 2 radiologists(all κ≥0.75). The highest subjective scores were obtained in the 60 keV group, the best single energy level is 60 keV in a comprehensive analysis. The differences in objective evaluation indicators among the 7 groups of best single energy combined with different weights ASIR-V image group and the mixed energy group were all statistically significant (all P<0.01). Image noise decreased with increasing ASIR-V weights for different weight groups, all differences among groups were statistically significant (all P<0.01), and the minimum noise was minimal in 80% weight group. There was no significant change in CT value of each segment of inferior vena cava (all P>0.05). The SNR and CNR of each segment of inferior vena cava increased, all differences among groups were statistically significant (all P<0.01), and the SNR and CNR of 80% weight group was the highest. The subjective scores of the 8 groups were consistent evaluated by the 2 radiologists (all κ≥0.75), and the subjective score of 60% weight group was the highest, 60% was the best ASIR-V weight for matching 60 keV in a comprehensive analysis. Conclusions:The study indicates that the best energy level for optimizing energy spectrum CT single energy imaging of the inferior vena cava is 60 keV, on the basis of which the best weighting for combined ASIR-V is 60%.

Performance of low-dose CT image reconstruction for detecting intracerebral hemorrhage: selection of dose, algorithms and their combinations / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the performance of different low-dose CT image reconstruction algorithms for detecting intracerebral hemorrhage.@*METHODS@#Low-dose CT imaging simulation was performed on CT images of intracerebral hemorrhage at 30%, 25% and 20% of normal dose level (defined as 100% dose). Seven algorithms were tested to reconstruct low-dose CT images for noise suppression, including filtered back projection algorithm (FBP), penalized weighted least squares-total variation (PWLS-TV), non-local mean filter (NLM), block matching 3D (BM3D), residual encoding-decoding convolutional neural network (REDCNN), the FBP convolutional neural network (FBPConvNet) and image restoration iterative residual convolutional network (IRLNet). A deep learning-based model (CNN-LSTM) was used to detect intracerebral hemorrhage on normal dose CT images and low-dose CT images reconstructed using the 7 algorithms. The performance of different reconstruction algorithms for detecting intracerebral hemorrhage was evaluated by comparing the results between normal dose CT images and low-dose CT images.@*RESULTS@#At different dose levels, the low-dose CT images reconstructed by FBP had accuracies of detecting intracerebral hemorrhage of 82.21%, 74.61% and 65.55% at 30%, 25% and 20% dose levels, respectively. At the same dose level (30% dose), the images reconstructed by FBP, PWLS-TV, NLM, BM3D, REDCNN, FBPConvNet and IRLNet algorithms had accuracies for detecting intracerebral hemorrhage of 82.21%, 86.80%, 89.37%, 81.43%, 90.05%, 90.72% and 93.51%, respectively. The images reconstructed by IRLNet at 30%, 25% and 20% dose levels had accuracies for detecting intracerebral hemorrhage of 93.51%, 93.51% and 93.06%, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#The performance of reconstructed low-dose CT images for detecting intracerebral hemorrhage is significantly affected by both dose and reconstruction algorithms. In clinical practice, choosing appropriate dose level and reconstruction algorithm can greatly reduce the radiation dose and ensure the detection performance of CT imaging for intracerebral hemorrhage.

Evolution and correlation of CT imaging signs and clinical features of non-severe COVID-19 patients / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To evaluate the evolution and correlation of CT imaging signs and clinical features of non-severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). 【Methods】 We retrospectively analyzed CT images and clinical features of 24 non-severe COVID-19 patients from the onset at a 5-day interval. We recorded CT image signs, clinical manifestations and laboratory results at each stage, and analyzed their dynamic changes and correlations. Categorical variables were presented by rates. The correlation of the total CT score and the total number of lesions with clinical manifestations was analyzed. P20 days. The main CT signs of COVID-19 patients were subpleural and ground-glass opacity; the accompanying CT signs included paving stone sign, thickened blood vessels, fibrous cord shadow, air bronchial sign, leaflet center nodule, halo sign, reversed halo sign, bronchial wall thickening, and lung volume shrinking. On days 0-5, the number of lesions was the largest, acute symptoms were the most severe, the lymphocyte count and ratio were the lowest, and the concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (H-sCRP) was the highest. On days 5-10, the total CT score, the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were the highest, and the white blood cell count was the lowest. There were a positive correlation between the CT score and the number of lesions with temperature, ESR, CRP, H-sCRP, and negative correlation with WBC count. 【Conclusion】 CT imaging signs were similar to the change of the clinical features on days 0-10. The total CT score and the number of lesions had correlation with the clinical manifestations.

Role of Dual-layer Detector Energy Spectral CT in Resting Myocardial Perfusion Imaging for Patients with Normal Coronary Artery / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the role of dual-layer detector energy spectral CT in resting myocardial perfusion imaging for patients with normal coronary artery. Methods One hundred and fifty-six patients with suspected coronary heart disease underwent dual-layer detector energy spectral CT coronary angiography,and resting myocardial perfusion imaging was performed for 28 patients with normal coronary artery.According to American Heart Association's 17-segmentmodel,the iodine density and effective atomic number(Z

An arthroscopic "inlay" Bristow procedure with suture button fixation: Surgical technique and radiology evaluation / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To introduce an arthroscopic "inlay" Bristow procedure based on the Mortise-Tenon joint structure concept using suture button fixation, and to evaluate its clinical and radiology results postoperatively with a minimal 3-year follow-up.@*METHODS@#A total of 56 patients who received arthroscopic "inlay" Bristow procedure with suture button fixation between June 2015 to June 2016 were eventually enrolled in this study. Radiological assessment on the 3D CT scan was performed preoperatively, immediately after operation, and postoperatively at the end of 3 months, 6 months and the final follow-up. Complications postoperatively were also recorded.@*RESULTS@#A total of 56 patients were finally included in this study. The mean follow-up time was (36.1±3.7) months. Coracoid grafts (middle point) were positioned at about 4 o'clock (123.8°±12.3°) in the En-face view. In the axial view, 95% (53/56) of the grafts positioning were measured as flush, 5% (3/56) as medial. Bone union rate was 96.4% at the final follow-up. At the end of 3 months, 6 months, and the final follow-up, the length of the coracoid graft was 96.9%±4.9%, 91.9%±6.2%, and 91.6%±6.6% of the immediate postoperative length, respectively. Compared with the immediate postoperative length, the length measured at the end of 3 months shortened not significantly (t=2.12, P > 0.05). The coracoid graft shortened more pronouncedly 6 months postoperatively (t=4.98, P < 0.05) and then remained almost constant over time (t=-0.75, P > 0.05), with all grafted coracoid graft retaining more than 90% of their initial length by the 3-year follow-up. And new bone formation at the junction between the coracoid graft and glenoid neck in the axial view were obviously noted in 25 cases. The quantitative evaluation showed that the glenoid area in En-face view was significantly increased at the final follow-up than that immediately after surgery [(9.72±1.22) cm2 vs. (9.42±1.11) cm2]. No degenerative changes were noted on CT images in all the patients at the final follow-up.@*CONCLUSION@#This study reported a series of "inlay" Bristow procedure with suture button fixation for recurrent shoulder dislocation, providing satisfactory union rate and excellent graft positioning. And using suture button fixation instead of screw can reduce osteolysis and complications related to hardware implantation. Moreover, the bone remodeling between the coracoid process and glenoid could be beneficial to restoring the anterior stability of shoulder joint in a long term follow-up.

Quantification of Fat Concentration and Vascular Response in Brown and White Adipose Tissue of Rats by Spectral CT Imaging

Four-Dimensional Thoracic CT in Free-Breathing Children

In pediatric thoracic CT, respiratory motion is generally treated as a motion artifact degrading the image quality. Conversely, respiratory motion in the thorax can be used to answer important clinical questions, that cannot be assessed adequately via conventional static thoracic CT, by utilizing four-dimensional (4D) CT. However, clinical experiences of 4D thoracic CT are quite limited. In order to use 4D thoracic CT properly, imagers should understand imaging techniques, radiation dose optimization methods, and normal as well as typical abnormal imaging appearances. In this article, the imaging techniques of pediatric thoracic 4D CT are reviewed with an emphasis on radiation dose. In addition, several clinical applications of pediatric 4D thoracic CT are addressed in various thoracic functional abnormalities, including upper airway obstruction, tracheobronchomalacia, pulmonary air trapping, abnormal diaphragmatic motion, and tumor invasion. One may further explore the clinical usefulness of 4D thoracic CT in free-breathing children, which can enrich one's clinical practice.

CT imaging features and its correlation with histopathology of thyroid nodules in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the CT features of benign and malignant thyroid nodules in children and their correlation with histopathology of thyroid nodules.Methods The clinical data of 28 children with thyroid nodules confirmed by pathological diagnosis in Shanghai Children's Hospital from June 2014 to October 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.The CT imaging features and pathological results were compared and analyzed.Results The thyroid nodules of benign,malignant and uncertain malignant potential nodules in this group respectively were 35 nodules (11 cases),15 nodules (10 cases) and 8 nodules (7 cases) respectively,with a total of 58 nodules.Benign and uncertain malignant potential nodules were all(100.0％) enveloped,4 nodules(11.4％,4/35 nodules) were benign nodules and 1 nodule (12.5％,1/8 nodules) was uncertain malignant potential nodules and its capsule was incomplete.There were 11 nodules (73.3％,11/35 nodules) malignant nodules without capsule and 4 nodules(26.7％,4/15 nodules) were malignant nodules with incomplete capsule.In the benign nodules,9 nodules(25.7％,9/35 nodules) of them were cystic,and the others were solid or solid cystic (74.3 ％,26/35 nodules).All of the malignant nodules and uncertain malignant potential nodules were solid or solid cystic nodules.Benign nodules and uncertain malignant potential nodules were mostly had clear edges,but the edges of malignant nodules were not clear.There were 2 cases (18.2％,2/ll cases) of the benign nodules which had calcification,8 cases(80.0％,8/10 cases) of the malignant nodules had calcification,and 3 cases (42.9％,3/7 cases)of the uncertain malignant potential nodules had calcification.There was no lymph node metastasis in the patients with benign and uncertain malignant potential nodules.In the malignant nodules,there were 7 cases with lymph node metastasis,accounting for 70.0％ (7/10 cases).It had certain reference value for the differentiation of benign and malignant nodules to know whether the boundary of the mass was clear or not,whether the capsule was intact or not,and whether there was calcification or not.The surrounding lymph node enlargement had certain reference value for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant nodules.The diagnostic results of CT and the coincidence rate of pathological histological diagnosis after operation,the benign nodules and malignant nodules,and also the uncertain malignant potential were respectively 61.1％ (11/18 cases),90.0％ (9/10 cases) and 14.3％ (1/7 cases).The thyroid nodules of uncertain malignant potential CT imaging were lack of specificity,and definite diagnosis should be based on pathology.Conclusions There is a certain relationship between CT imaging features and pathology of thyroid nodules,which is of great value for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules in children.

Application of cNGR functionalized gold nanoparticle probe in CT imaging of breast cancer angiogenesis / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective To prepare polyethylene glycol/cyclic asparagines-glycine-arginine functionalized gold nanoparticles (GNPs-PEG@cNGR) and evaluate their effectiveness in CT imaging of breast cancer angiogenesis.Methods The GNPs were synthesized by one-step reduction of chloroauric acid by sodium citrate.The thiolated PEG and cysteine-modified cNGR were coupled to the surface of GNPs through Au-S bonds,respectively.The GNPs-PEG@cNGR was characterized by transmission electron microscopy,Zeta potential/hydration particle size analyzer,and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.The uptake and CT imaging effect of GNPs-PEG@cNGR were assessed by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human hepatoma cells (HepG2) positively expressed for aminopeptidase N (APN/CD 13).The in vivo CT imaging effects on tumor angiogenesis and biocompatibility in mice of GNPs-PEG@cNGR were studied by BALB/c mouse model of 4T1 breast cancer.Results A specific CT molecular probe,i.e.GNPs-PEG@cNGR,was successfully constructed,which can target angiogenesis.The probe was spherical,with a hydration particle size of (35.7± 1.0) nm and a Zeta potential of (-13.54± 1.12) mV,and had good stability and biocompatibility.The GNPs-PEG@cNGR has good CT imaging results and can specifically target CD13-positive HUVEC and HepG2 cells.The CT imaging results in 4T1 breast cancer mice indicated that GNPs-PEG@cNGR could be specifically enriched in the tumor tissue after injection.The CT value of tumors in GNPs-PEG@cNGRz group was higher than that of GNPs-PEG group,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusions GNPs-PEG@cNGR can specifically target CD13 positive cells and can be used as a CT contrast agent for imaging tumor angiogenesis.

CT imaging features of diffuse tenosynovial giant cell tumor of temporomandibular joint / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study aimed to investigate the characteristic features of CT images of diffuse tenosynovial giant cell tumor (D-TSGCT) from the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) to understand CT imaging diagnosis of the disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CT images and clinical information from 10 patients with D-TSGCT of TMJ were recruited for retrospective analysis from March 2013 to March 2017 in Peking University Hospital of Stomatology. All cases were treated by surgery and confirmed by pathology.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CT scan demonstrated hyperdense soft-tissue masses and various kinds of calcification in all of the 10 subjects. Contrast-enhanced scan exhibited obvious enhancement in six patients. Bone destruction of the mandibular condyles and skull base was found in seven and six subjects, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CT appearance of D-TSGCT of the TMJ is characterized by hyperdense soft tissue with calcification, further enhancement in contrast-enhanced scan, and bone destruction in the mandibular condyles and skull base in some cases.</p>

Role of CT imaging to evaluate solitary pulmonary nodule with extrapulmonary neoplasms

Background: A solitary pulmonary nodule is defined as a discrete, well - marginated, rounded opacity less than or equal to 3 cm in diameter that is completely surrounded by lung parenchyma, does not touch the hilum or mediastinum, and is not associated with adenopathy, atelectasis or pleural effusion. Aim and objectives: To determine the frequency of single lung metastasis, primary lung cancer and benign lesions in patients with solitary lung nodule and a primary extrapulmonary neoplasm, to evaluate the Chest Radiographs and CT characteristics of solitary lung nodule with a primary extrapulmonary neoplasm, to develop a statistical model to guide clinicians regarding choice of patient for diagnostic biopsy. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of CT and Chest Radiographs of 50 patients with an extrapulmonary malignant neoplasm and a solitary pulmonary nodule, done in our Dhiraj General Hospital over a 6 – month period. Results: 50 patients of Extrapulmonary neoplasms were evaluated; out of these patients were diagnosed and evaluated for Primary Bronchogenic Carcinoma, lung metastases, benign nodule. Conclusion: Solitary lung nodule in patients with extrapulmonary malignancies showed a variety of patterns on CT. Nearly half of the non – calcified solitary pulmonary nodules identified in this series were malignant. The likelihood of a spread depends on the histological Anand Vachhani, Shashvat Modia, Varun Garasia, Deepak Bhimani, C. Raychaudhuri. Role of CT imaging to evaluate solitary pulmonary nodule with extrapulmonary neoplasms. IAIM, 2018; 5(8): 86-92. Page 87 characteristics of the extrapulmonary neoplasm and the patient's smoking history. Lung cancer was more common than metastatic disease.

Surgeons' Performance Determining the Amount of Graft Material for Sinus Floor Augmentation Using Tomography

Abstract This study aimed to assess the performance of surgeons in determining the amount of graft material required for maxillary sinus floor augmentation in a preoperative analysis using cone-beam computed tomography images. A convenience sample of 10 retrospective CBCT exams (i-CAT®) was selected. Scans of the posterior maxilla area with an absence of at least one tooth and residual alveolar bone with an up to 5 mm height were used. Templates (n=20) contained images of representative cross-sections in multiplanar view. Ten expert surgeons voluntarily participated as appraisers of the templates for grafting surgical planning of a 10 mm long implant. Appraisers could choose a better amount of graft material using scores: 0) when considered grafting unnecessary, 1) for 0.25 g in graft material, 2) for 0.50 g, 3) for 1.00 g and 4) for 1.50 g or more. Reliability of the response pattern was analyzed using Cronbach's a. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were performed to compare scores. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate whether the volume of sinuses (mm3) influenced the choose of scores. In the reliability analysis, all values were low and the score distribution was independent of the volume of the maxillary sinuses (p>0.05), which did not influence choosing the amount of graft material. Surgeons were unreliable to determine the best amount of graft material for the maxillary sinus floor augmentation using only CBCT images. Surgeons require auxiliary diagnostic tools to measure the volume associated to CBCT exams in order to perform better.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho dos cirurgiões na determinação da quantidade de material de enxerto necessária para a elevação do assoalho do seio maxilar em uma análise pré-operatória, utilizando imagens de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico. Foi selecionada uma amostra de conveniência de 10 exames retrospectivos CBCT (i-CAT®). Os exames foram da área da maxila posterior que possuíam ausência de pelo menos um dente e com osso alveolar residual de altura igual ou inferior a 5 mm. Os templates (n=20) continham imagens de secções transversais representativas numa vista multiplanar. Dez experientes cirurgiões voluntariamente participaram como avaliadores dos templates para o planejamento cirúrgico de enxerto para um implante de 10 mm de comprimento. Os avaliadores escolheram a melhor quantidade de material de enxerto usando os escores: 0) quando o enxerto era desnecessário, 1) para 0,25 g de enxerto, 2) para 0,50 g, 3) para 1,00 g, e 4) para 1,50 g ou mais. A confiabilidade do padrão de resposta foi analisada utilizando a a de Cronbach. Os testes de Wilcoxon e Mann-Whitney foram utilizados para comparar os escores. A análise de regressão foi realizada para avaliar se o volume dos seios (mm3) influenciou a escolha dos escores. Na análise de confiabilidade, todos os valores foram baixos e a distribuição dos escores foi independente do volume dos seios maxilares (p>0,05), o que não influenciou a escolha da quantidade de material de enxerto. Os cirurgiões apresentaram falta de confiabilidade ao determinar a melhor quantidade de material de enxerto para o aumento do assoalho do seio maxilar utilizando somente as imagens de TCFC. Assim, os cirurgiões necessitam de ferramentas de diagnóstico auxiliares para mensuração de volume associada à TCFC para um melhor desempenho.

Clinical, pathological and molecular evaluations and CT scan screening of coenurosis (Coenurus cerebralis) in sheep and calves / Avaliação clínica, patológica e molecular e tomografia computadorizada de cenurose (Coenurus cerebralis) em carneiros e bezerros

Abstract The aims of this study were to diagnose coenurosis by means of computerized tomography (CT) scan imaging and molecular characterization of the CO1 gene using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sheep and calves were necropsied, and CT scans on the cephalic region were performed on the animals. Sections of brain tissue infected with parasites were then stained with hematoxylin and eosin for microscopic examination. Material collected from brain cysts was fixed in 70% ethanol. PCR amplification was carried out using the CO1 mitochondrial gene. A total of 60 calves and 80 sheep were examined clinically and, of these, 15 calves and 38 sheep showed signs of depression, with counterclockwise circling movements and altered head carriage. Four sheep and one calf were necropsied, and C. cerebralis cysts were detected in all of them. A hypodense cyst was monitored in the right cerebellar hemisphere on a CT scan on one sheep. A cyst was found in the left frontal lobe on a CT scan on one calf. Microscopically, C. cerebralis cysts were surrounded by a fibrous or epithelial wall that presented necrosis on cerebral sections of both the sheep and the cattle. The CO1-PCR assay yielded a 446 bp band, which was sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed: the results confirmed the presence of T. multiceps. This study reports the first use of CT imaging on naturally infected calves and sheep for diagnosing coenurosis.

Resumo Os objetivos deste estudo foram diagnosticar cenurose por tomografia computadorizada (CT) por imagem de digitalização e caracterização molecular do gene CO1, usando a Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). Ovelhas e bezerros foram necropsiados, e uma tomografia computadorizada da região cefálica foi realizada nos animais. Em seguida, cortes microscópicos de cérebro infectado com parasitas foram corados com hematoxilina e eosina e posterior avaliação ao microscópio de luz. Em seguida, o material recolhido de cada cisto cerebral foi fixado em etanol a 70%. A amplificação pela PCR foi realizada utilizando-se o gene mitocondrial CO1. Um total de 60 bezerros e 80 ovelhas foram clinicamente examinados e, desses, 15 bezerros e 38 ovelhas apresentaram sinais de depressão, com movimentos circulares em sentido anti-horário, e desvio da cabeça. Quatro carneiros e uma vitela foram necropsiados, e cistos de C. cerebralis foram detectados nos animais. Um cisto hipodenso foi monitorado no hemisfério cerebelar direito por imagem do CT de um carneiro. O cisto foi encontrado no lobo frontal esquerdo por imagem do CT de um bezerro. Microscopicamente, cistos de C. cerebralis foram envolvidos por uma parede fibrosa ou epitelial, apresentando necrose em ambos os cortes cerebrais de ovinos e de bovinos. O ensaio CO1-PCR produziu uma banda de 446 pb, sequenciado e submetido à filogenia, confirmou ser T. multiceps. Este estudo relata a primeira utilização de imagens de CT em bezerros e ovelhas naturalmente infectados para o diagnóstico de coenurosis.

CT imaging analysis of superior mesenteric artery calcification in elderly patients / 天津医药

Objective To retrospectively analyze the relationship between the atherosclerosis plaques in abdominal aorta and superial mesenterial artery (SMA) and the development of ischemia bowel disease (IBD) in elderly patients. Methods Elderly patients diagnosed as IBD (n=20) and non-IBD elderly patients with coronary heart disease (n=20) were selected in our hospital from January 2010 to December 2015. Data of CT imaging of abdominal aorta and SMA were evaluated by Syngo.Via software in two groups. Results The calcified plaques were dominated by dots in control group, while they were the annular lesions in IBD group, according to the CT imaging data. The mean sum of calcification in SMA was significantly increased in IBD group than that in control group (χ2=5.010,P=0.025). The stenosis of SMA was more significant in IBD group compared to that of control group (Z=3.370,P=0.001). The degree of SMA lesion was positively correlated with its opening stenosis in the IBD group (rs=0.650,P=0.002). Conclusion The basic vascular lesion is dot calcification in elderly patients with coronary heart disease, and the opening stenosis in SMA induced by mass calcification is the main cause of atherosclerosis-induced ischemic intestinal disease in elderly people.

CT imaging analysis of superior mesenteric artery calcification in elderly patients / 天津医药

Objective To retrospectively analyze the relationship between the atherosclerosis plaques in abdominal aorta and superial mesenterial artery (SMA) and the development of ischemia bowel disease (IBD) in elderly patients. Methods Elderly patients diagnosed as IBD (n=20) and non-IBD elderly patients with coronary heart disease (n=20) were selected in our hospital from January 2010 to December 2015. Data of CT imaging of abdominal aorta and SMA were evaluated by Syngo.Via software in two groups. Results The calcified plaques were dominated by dots in control group, while they were the annular lesions in IBD group, according to the CT imaging data. The mean sum of calcification in SMA was significantly increased in IBD group than that in control group (χ2=5.010,P=0.025). The stenosis of SMA was more significant in IBD group compared to that of control group (Z=3.370,P=0.001). The degree of SMA lesion was positively correlated with its opening stenosis in the IBD group (rs=0.650,P=0.002). Conclusion The basic vascular lesion is dot calcification in elderly patients with coronary heart disease, and the opening stenosis in SMA induced by mass calcification is the main cause of atherosclerosis-induced ischemic intestinal disease in elderly people.

Dual-Energy CT: New Horizon in Medical Imaging

Dual-energy CT has remained underutilized over the past decade probably due to a cumbersome workflow issue and current technical limitations. Clinical radiologists should be made aware of the potential clinical benefits of dual-energy CT over single-energy CT. To accomplish this aim, the basic principle, current acquisition methods with advantages and disadvantages, and various material-specific imaging methods as clinical applications of dual-energy CT should be addressed in detail. Current dual-energy CT acquisition methods include dual tubes with or without beam filtration, rapid voltage switching, dual-layer detector, split filter technique, and sequential scanning. Dual-energy material-specific imaging methods include virtual monoenergetic or monochromatic imaging, effective atomic number map, virtual non-contrast or unenhanced imaging, virtual non-calcium imaging, iodine map, inhaled xenon map, uric acid imaging, automatic bone removal, and lung vessels analysis. In this review, we focus on dual-energy CT imaging including related issues of radiation exposure to patients, scanning and post-processing options, and potential clinical benefits mainly to improve the understanding of clinical radiologists and thus, expand the clinical use of dual-energy CT; in addition, we briefly describe the current technical limitations of dual-energy CT and the current developments of photon-counting detector.

Study on 99 Tcm-3P4-RGD2 microSPECT/CT imaging to anti-angiogensis therapeutic effect / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To investigate the value of integrin αvβ3 targeted microSPECT/CT imaging with 99 Tcm-3P4-RGD2 as a radiotracer in tumor anti-angiogenesis therapy .Methods Animal models bearing glioma and prostate cancer xenografts were established by subcutaneously injecting tumor cells U87MG and PC-3 in nude mice.Anti-angiogensis therapy with Avastin was administered via intraperitoneal injection when the tumor diameter reached 6 to 7 mm while saline was served as control group . MicroSPECT/CT imaging was performed with 99 Tcm-3P4-RGD2 as radiotracer one day before and 3, 5, 10, 15 days after Avastin administration .Tumor volume and tumor uptake of 99 Tcm-3P4-RGD2 , expressed as percentage of injected dose (%ID) or %ID per gram (%ID/g) were measured and calculated based on microSPECT/CT.Mice basic condition was monitored and tumor xenograft was harvested in one tumor bearing nude mouse after its sacrifice at each imaging time point .Results Tumor volume of U87MG glioma in the administration group was significantly smaller than that of non-administration control group at 10 d after Avastin adminstration ( t=5.81, P0.05).The uptake of 99Tcm-3P4-RGD2 (%ID/g) in U87MG group was higher than that in PC-3 group before Avastin administration ( t=10.48, P<0.05), and it decreased to a value less than control ( t =3.26, P <0.05) at 3 d after Avastin administration and continually reduced at longer time after administration .PC-3 tumor had less uptake of 99 Tcm-3P4-RGD2 in both Avastin administration group and its control group .The pathologic results revealed on that the decrease of tumor integrin β3 expression in U87MG treatment group was mainly on the endothelial cells of the neovessel .Linear relationship was verified between tumor uptake (%ID/g ) and integrin β3 expression (y=0.499 1x-0.243 8, R2 =0.811 7).Conclusions Complete inhibition of integrin is demonstrated early after Avastin administration .99 Tcm-3P4-RGD2 microSPECT/CT imaging, assessing the expression level of integrin αvβ3 level by quantification of tumor uptake of 99 Tcm-3P4-RGD2 , is probably an important method to reflect the early therapeutic effect of tumor anti -angiogensis .

Preparation and Preclinical Study of 99mTc-labeled Prostate Cancer Aptamer / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective]To radiolabel the PSMA aptamer A10-3.2 with 99mTc , and explore its biological characteristics in vivo and in vitro.[Methods]Using Succinimidyl 6-hydrazinonicotinate hydrochloride (SHNH) as the bifunctional chelating agent to label aptamer A10-3.2 with 99mTc, then tested for the stability in vitro, the specific uptake by prostate cancer LNCaP cells (PSMA+) , the characteristics of SPECT/CT imaging and biodistribution in LNCaP tumor-bearing NOD/SCID mice.[Results]The labeling rate and radiochemical purity of the products (99mTc-SHNH-A10-3.2) are(71.31 ± 6.78)% and 97.03%,respectively. 99mTc-SHNH-A10-3.2 had obvious target specificity for PSMA positive prostate cancer LNCaP cells, its uptake rate was significantly higher than PSMA nega?tive PC-3 cells (P<0.01). And in tumor-bearing mice, the tumor has a certain uptake and a high ratio of the tumor tissue to the mus?cle.[Conclusion]This study successfully constructed 99mTc-labeled PSMA-targeted aptamer A10-3.2, which has a good stability and targeting in vivo and in vitro, has a high tumor tissue/muscle ratio in tumor-bearing mice, which show that it may be a potential target?ed molecular imaging agent for prostate cancer.

Relationship between CT Imaging Features and Clinical Pathology of Thyroid Carcinoma / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To explore the relationship between CT imaging features and clinical pathology of thyroid carcinoma. Methods The clin-ical data of 42 cases of patients with thyroid carcinoma treated in our hospital from Jaunuary 2014 to October 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent CT imaging before operation. The CT imaging features and surgical pathology results were compared and analyzed ,and the relationship between the two groups was studied. Results CT imaging showed a total of 40 cases of primary lesions,32 cases of uneven density, 30 cases of irregular shape,28 cases of edge blur,19 cases of calcification,25 cases of tumor invasion of the surrounding organs,and the surgical pathology results showed a total of 18 cases of papillary carcinoma,15 cases of undifferentiated carcinoma,6 cases of follicular carcinoma,3 cases of medullary carcinoma,22 cases of tumor invasion of the surrounding organs. The accuracy of CT imaging was 88.10%-95.24%,and the sensitivi-ty was 75.00%-93.75%,and the specificity was 91.30%-100.00%. Conclusion The CT imaging features of thyroid carcinoma and its clinical pa-thology are related. CT has high accuracy ,sensitivity and specificity in the invasive examination of tissue structure ,which is worthy of clinical appli-cation.

Preliminary research on functional polymer liposome-entrapped gold nanoparticles as CT contrast agents / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To research the functional polymer liposome-trapped gold nanoparticles as molecular probes used as CT contrast agents.Methods Gold nanoparticles were entrapped by ultrasonic micro-emulsion method using self-developed linoleic acid-modified dextran polymer liposome.Under the same concentrations,clinical imaging was performed with Iohexol as control for the analysis of CT value differences.Then,the particle suspensions at appropriate concentration(6 mg/mL)were intravenously injected into Balb/c nude mice for real-time observation of CT imaging.ResultsIn vitro results showed that nanoparticles at greater than 4 mg/mL could present much higher CT value than Iohexol at the same conditions,while in vivo studies indicated nanoparticles could clearly show different organ contrast with prolonged circulation time.Conclusion Compared to clinical contrast agent Iohexol,functional polymer liposome entrapped gold nanoparticles could possess a great application prospect to be used as a new type of molecular probes for CT enhanced imaging.