ABSTRACT
Introduction: Coronary artery disease is responsible for 70% cases of sudden cardiac deaths. Small coronaryostia may cause significant difficulty in canulation of it during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Highorigin of coronary arteries increases risk of myocardial ischaemia and sudden death. Considering thesesignificance of variations of coronary ostia in cardiac procedures, detailed study was undertaken so it would beof use to cardiologists and interventional radiologists.Material and Methods: Sample size for the study comprised of 50 human cadaveric heart specimens. Dissectionmethod was adopted.Observation and Results: In anterior aortic sinus, 41 specimens had single ostium, while 09 specimens showedtwo separate ostia. The mean of ostium diameter of right coronary artery was found to be 2.84 mm with astandard deviation (S.D.) of +0.85 mm. The mean distance of main ostium of right coronary artery fromsupravalvular ridge was found to be 1.23 mm. with a S.D. of +0.32 mm. In case of accessory ostia in anterioraortic sinus, the mean diameter was found to be 1.32 mms. with a S.D. of +0.20 mms. The mean distance of theseostia from supravalvular ridge was found to be 1.16 mms. with a S.D. of +0.17 mms. In left posterior aortic sinus,49 specimens had single ostium, while 01 specimen had two separate ostia. This ostium was 0.8 mms. indiameter at a distance of 02 mms. below from supravalvular ridge. The mean of ostium diameter of left coronaryartery was found to be 3.31 mm with a S.D.of+0.52 mm. The mean distance of main ostium of left coronary arteryfrom supravalvular ridge was found to be 1.40 mm. with a S.D. of +0.27 mm.Conclusion: the study provides data on coronary morphometry and topography. It provides basis for understandingthe normal variants for determining incidence of anomalies and for evaluating value of screening of suchanomalies.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Sinoatrial Nodal artery is an artery which supplies the sinoatrial node, the natural pacemakercenter of the heart, usually a branch of right coronary artery but also from left coronary artery in variablepercentage in different population.Aim: The aim of the study was to study the anatomical origin of sinoatrial Nodal artery , from Right coronaryartery or left coronary artery in indian human cadaversMaterials and Methods: The study was carried out on 50 formalin fixed Adult Human Cadaveric Heart of Indianpopulation obtained from department of Anatomy subharti medical college Meerut UP INDIA. Specimens withgross congenital anomalies were excluded from the study. The coronary arteries were dissected for the origin ofsinoatrial Nodal artery.Results: Out of total 50 cases studied, sinoatrial nodal artery was originating from right coronary artery in 39(78%) hearts while in remaining 11 (21.27%) hearts SA nodal artery was arising from left coronary artery. Whenit is arising from left coronary artery it is a branch of left circumflex artery rather than the main trunk.Conclusions: In present study of Indian Human cadaveric hearts SA Nodal artery is originating from right coronaryartery in maximum (78.0) percent population comparing with the previous studies done globaly. Further studiesare needed in Indian population in relation to SA Nodal Artery. Study of origin and distribution of sinoatrialnodal artery helps cardiologist and cardiac surgeons to understand the ischemic etiology of sinus node diseasesand corrective steps needed.
ABSTRACT
Background: Mitral valve is the complex variable structure with 2 cusps and 2 papillary muscles which are connected by collagenous structure chordae tendineae supporting the entire free edge of the valvular cusps. Aims & Objective: To study the morphological and morphometric analysis of chordae tendineae and to compare the morphometric measurements among cadaveric and autopsied heart specimens of south Indians and the effect of formalin in causing shrinkage of chordae tendineae. The annulopapillary distances were measured for mitral allografts. Material and Methods: The prospective study was done on 45 cadaveric and 15 autopsied heart specimens. The left atrium and left ventricle were cut open and the measurements of the Mitral valve chordae tendineae were taken using Vernier calliper and recorded. The chordae tendineae was measured from tip of papillary muscles to the edges of the cusp. The annulopapillary distance was measured from tip of papillary muscles in 2 o', 4 o', 8 o', 10 o' clock positions to that of mitral annulus. The data’s were analyzed using student’s t test to compare between the cadaveric and autopsied heart specimens. Results: Aortic cusp chordae tendineae of both specimens were approximately same 1.6 to 1.8cm, whereas in mural and commissural cusp mild difference of 2-3mm was observed 1.5 to 1.7 cm. The annulopapillary distance was equal in both the specimens 2cm. Two heart specimens showed complete absence of commissural chordae and 6 hearts showed absence of basal chordae. Conclusion: Many studies were done on morphometry of mitral valve but the present study on morphometry of chordae tendineae of mitral valve did not show any significant changes among cadaveric and autopsied heart specimens. The data will be of great use to cardiac surgeons for surgical reconstruction of mitral valves and annulopapillary distance for mitral allografts.