Effect of Three Microbial Fertilizers on Growth，Yield，Quality and Cadmium Accumulation of Chuanxiong Rhizoma / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of three kinds of microbial fertilizers on the growth， yield， quality， and cadmium （Cd） accumulation of Chuanxiong Rhizoma （CX）. MethodTaking CX seeds as materials， field experiments were carried out in the main producing areas， Pengzhou and Meishan. The samples were collected during the harvesting period， and the agronomic characters and yield were determined. The contents of extract， volatile oil， and ferulic acid were analyzed by the collection method of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （2020 edition）. The content of Cd was determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）. Data were processed by difference significance analysis， correlation analysis and cluster analysis. ResultThree kinds of microbial fertilizers with appropriate concentrations could promote the growth of CX. In terms of yield and quality， the treatment of Jinwuzong （1.50 ton/hm2， 1 ton=1 000 kg， the same below） and Cuijingyuan （1.5 L·hm-2） could increase the yield of medicinal materials by 0.92%-46.34%， while Cuijingyuan （1.8 L·hm-2） and Shenchu （15， 30 kg·hm-2） could increase the water-soluble extract of CX by 0.06%-18.79%， of which Cuijingyuan （1.8 L·hm-2） was significantly increased （P<0.01）. The alcohol-soluble extract of CX treated with Jinwuzong （0.75， 1.50， 2.25 ton/hm2）， Shenchu （15， 45 kg·hm-2）， and Cuijingyuan （1.2 L·hm-2） decreased significantly by 3.51%-22.94% （P<0.01）. The content of ferulic acid in CX treated with Jinwuzong （1.50 ton/hm2） and Shenchu （30 kg·hm-2） decreased by 2.14%-30.56%. Three kinds of microbial fertilizers had little effect on the content of volatile oil in CX. In the aspect of Cd enrichment， the concentration of Cd in rhizosphere soil of CX was increased by 11.33%-76.36% （P<0.01） after the treatment of Jinwuzong （0.75， 1.50， 2.25 ton/hm2）， Shenchu （15， 30， 45 kg·hm-2） and Cuijingyuan （1.2 L·hm-2）. However， the Cd enrichment coefficient of CX reduced by 2.58%-48.38%， the Cd content and Cd accumulation of CX decreased respectively by 9.54%-25.96% and 9.34%-18.88% via Jinwuzong （0.75 ton/hm2） and Cuijingyuan （1.8 L·hm-2）. ConclusionThree kinds of microbial fertilizers have a certain positive effect on the growth， substance accumulation， and reduction of Cd content in medicinal parts of CX， and the changes of each index are affected by the producing area and treatment method. Based on the comprehensive analysis of various indicators， Jinwuzong （0.75， 1.50 ton/hm2） can better adapt to the rhizosphere soil micro-ecological environment of CX， it can effectively reduce the content of Cd on the premise of guaranteeing the yield and quality of CX.

Effects of Chelators on Liver Cadmium Contents in Chronic Cadmium Intoxication Rats / 대한간학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The heavy metals like cadmium (Cd) are neither destroyed nor produced in human body and may infiltrated into air, water, soil, food, human body and redistributed by biological and geographical circulation. With advent of recent industrialization detrimental heavy metal poisoning in human body is increased by industrial pollution. We aimed to establish the relative abilities of chelators to mobilized liver cadmium contents in chronic cadmium intoxication rats. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley albino male rats weighing 200 to 250 mg were used. All animals were loaded with 3 intraperitoneal injections of cadmium chloride (1.5 mg/kg) given at % hourly interval. Intraperitoneal injection of chelators commenced 1 week after the last loading injection and continued every 72 hour for a total of 10 injections. Chelators were given at a level of 1 mmole/kg (except 0.01 mmol/kg of BAL). The chelators used in present experiment are 1,2-diaminocyclohexane tetra acetate (CDTA), disodium calcium ethylene diamine tetra acetate (EDTA), sodium 2.3-dimer capto propane sulfonate (DMPS), sodium di ethyl dithio carbamate (DDTC), dimercapto succinate (DMSA), 2,3-dimer capto propanol (BAL), diethylene triamine penta acetate (DTPA), triethylene tetr amine hexa acetate (TTHA), D-penicillamine(DPA), Nacetyl penicillamine (NAPA). RESULTS: 1) The residual liver cadmium content was reduced in rats administered DPA, EDTA, NAPA, CDTA, DDTC and DMSA (32%, 23%, 19%, 17%, 16% and 15% respectively) compared with control group. 2) The residual kidney cadmium content was reduced in rats administered DPA, DDTC, CDTA and EDTA (33%, 21%, 18% and 17% respectively) 3) The summation of residual cadmium content in liver and kidney was reduced in rats administered DPA, EDTA, DDTC and CDTA (33%, 20%, 18% and 17% respectively) compared with control group. CONCULUSIONS: We suggested that DPA, EDTA, CDTA and DDTC might have protective role against the toxic effects of cadmium.

Changes of Cadmium in Blood and Urine of Cadmium Exposed Rats / 대한산업의학회지

The changes of Cadmium(Cd) in plasma, whole blood, erythrocyte and urine in Sprague-Dawley male rates exposed to intravenous single injection of 0.8 mg CdCl2/kg of body weight were investigated. Blood sample was taken at 0.5 to 672 hours, and 24 hour-urine was collected by using metabolic cage for the same period. The plasma level of Cd was reached to peak at 0.5 hour after injection and reduced rapidly in 1 hour. The Cd level in blood was the highest in plasma and the lowest in erythrocyte at 0.5 hour after injection. However, in one hour postinjection, the levels of Cd were higher in order of erythrocyte, whole blood and plasma, up to 4 weeks. The changes of urinary volume and creatinine were not significant between Cd-treated and saline-treated groups. However, urinary protein was slightly increased with time in Cd-treated group. Urinary Cd level was higher in Cd treated group than control. These results suggest that the measurement of Cd in erythrocyte and urine is valuable for the biological index to estimate recent Cd exposure.

TRACE, ORDINARY ELEMENTS AND HYPERTENSION——Comparative analysis of 4 districts, 6 populations, 3 nationalities / 营养学报

Men aged 40-59 years (325 subjects) from 4 districts, 6 populations, 3 nationalities were investigated to explore the relationship between element and blood pressure (BP) . Fe, Mo, Ni, Pb, Si, Sn, Sr, V, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Zn, Ca, and Mg -were measured by ion coupled plasma spectroscopy, Se by catalytic pulse polarography. Results showed; (1) The element levels were different among districts and nationalities. (2) The correlation coefficients among serum Pb, Ni, Si, Sn, V, Cd, Cr were rather high, while Sr behaved relatively independently. (3)Using multivariant stepwise regression and discrimination analysis, serum Sr was found to associate positively with BP in normotensive and hypertensive and total pooled groups without exce-piton. (4) Serum Ca (Ca/Mg), Fe, Co were positively associated, while Cr, Sn inversely associated with BP. (5) The harmful element Cd was unexpectedly found to be inversely associated with BP and it was lower in those populations with high BP levels, which might be ascribed to the non-parallel distribution of certain elements in body tissues and blood. Results also indicated; (1) The levels of essential element Ni, V, Co, Cr were lower in hypertensive group. (2) Serum Ca and urinary Ca were non-parallel, and the former could not accurately reflect Ca-intake. In short, the relationship between element and BP still remains to be elucidated.