Evaluation of Cytotoxic effect of Moringa peregrina seeds on Oral Cancer, CAL 27, Cell Line and Red Blood Cells Hemolysis / Evaluación del efecto citotóxico de las semillas de Moringa peregrina en el cáncer oral, CAL 27, líneas celulares y hemólisis de glóbulos rojos

Background: Moringa peregrina Forssk is a well-known plant in ethnomedicine due to its widespread uses in various diseases like cough, wound healing, rhinitis, fever, and detoxification. The plant seeds contain compounds that are cytotoxic to many cancer cells. During the therapeutic use of plants via the oral route, some compounds present in the plants may be cytotoxic to normal cell lines and red blood cells. Objective: This study was the first report of investigation of the cytotoxic profile on oral cancer, CAL 27, cell line, and hemolytic activities on human erythrocytes of Moringa peregrina seeds ethanolic extract (MPSE). Methods: MPSE was screened for its cytotoxic effect against oral cancer, CAL 27, cell line using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5,-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The toxicity of MPSE on human erythrocytes was determined by in vitro hemolytic assay. Results: MPSE showed significant anti-proliferative activity against oral cancer, CAL 27 cell line at lower concentrations with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 21.03 µg/mL. At 1,000 µg/ml of MPSE, the maximum hemolysis was found to be 14.3% which is within safer limit. Conclusions: This study revealed a potential anti-oral cancer of MPSE and provided a baseline for its potential use in oral cancer treatment with minimum hemolytic effect on human RBCs.

La Moringa peregrina Forssk es una planta muy conocida en etnomedicina debido a sus usos generalizados en diversas enfermedades como la tos, la cicatrización de heridas, la rinitis, la fiebre y la desintoxicación. Las semillas de la planta contienen compuestos citotóxicos para muchas células cancerosas. Durante el uso terapéutico de las plantas por vía oral, algunos compuestos presentes en ellas pueden ser citotóxicos para las líneas celulares normales y los glóbulos rojos. Objetivo: Este estudio fue el primer informe de investigación del perfil citotóxico sobre el cáncer oral, CAL 27, línea celular, y las actividades hemolíticas en eritrocitos humanos del extracto etanólico de semillas de Moringa peregrina (MPSE). Métodos: Se examinó el efecto citotóxico del MPSE contra la línea celular de cáncer oral CAL 27 mediante el ensayo con bromuro de 3-(4, 5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2, 5,-difeniltetrazolio (MTT). La toxicidad del MPSE sobre los eritrocitos humanos se determinó mediante un ensayo hemolítico in vitro. Resultados: MPSE mostró una actividad antiproliferativa significativa contra el cáncer oral, línea celular CAL 27 a concentraciones más bajas con un valor de concentración inhibitoria media máxima (IC50) de 21,03 µg/mL. A 1.000 µg/ml de MPSE, la hemólisis máxima fue del 14,3%, lo que está dentro del límite de seguridad. Conclusiones: Este estudio reveló un potencial anticancerígeno oral de MPSE y proporcionó una base para su uso potencial en el tratamiento del cáncer oral con un efecto hemolítico mínimo en los glóbulos rojos humanos.

Role of IL-22/IL-22RA1 pathway in the malignant progression of oral squamous carcinoma and its mechanism / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[摘 要] 目的：探讨IL-22/IL-22受体A1（IL-22RA1）通路在口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）恶性进展中的作用及其机制。方法：利用GEO数据库和免疫组化法分析IL-22RA1在OSCC组织及配对癌旁组织中的表达水平，采用组织芯片免疫组化法检测并分析IL-22RA1表达水平与OSCC患者临床病理特征的关系，通过EBI ArrayExpress数据库分析IL-22RA1表达水平与患者预后的关系。采用免疫荧光法检测IL-22和IL-22RA1在OSCC组织中表达水平并分析两者间的相关性。用RNA干扰技术敲减OSCC细胞WSU-HN4和CAL27的IL-22RA1表达，用qPCR法验证敲减效率。采用克隆形成实验、Transwell小室法分别检测IL-22对阴性对照（siNC）组和IL-22RA1敲减（siIL-22RA1）组OSCC细胞克隆形成及迁移能力的影响，WB法检测IL-22对OSCC细胞IL-22RA1表达水平及STAT1、STAT3和ERK1/2磷酸化水平的影响。结果：OSCC组织中IL-22RA1 mRNA的表达水平显著高于癌旁组织（P<0.05）。IL-22RA1表达水平与OSCC患者的肿瘤大小（P<0.05）、淋巴结转移（P<0.01）及预后不良（P<0.05）有关联。OSCC组织中的IL-22和IL-22RA1表达水平无明显关联，IL-22对OSCC细胞IL-22RA1表达无影响（均P>0.05）。IL-22可显著增强OSCC细胞的克隆形成和迁移能力（均P<0.01），并可激活OSCC细胞的STAT1、STAT3及ERK1/2信号分子；敲减OSCC细胞的IL-22RA1后，IL-22则无法发挥上述作用。结论：IL-22/IL-22RA1可通过调控细胞增殖和迁移促进OSCC的生长和转移，其下游机制可能是激活ERK1/2-STAT1/3信号通路。

La espiral de la deuda pública en Colombia (1990-2020) / The Public Debt Spiral in Colombia (1990-2020)

Resumen La deuda pública en Colombia entre el periodo de 1990 a 2020 se ha convertido en un eje estructurante de la economía política del país y bajo su manutención se ha generado un sin número de Leyes, Decretos y Normas que han determina do en gran parte las dinámicas de inversión y gasto social. Así mismo, se han su bordinado los derechos de la población colombiana a la estabilidad macroeco- nómica establecida bajo la teoría neoclásica. Si bien la deuda pública tiene una gran relevancia en la configuración del Estado en Colombia, los análisis sobre la problemática de la deuda pública y el servicio de esta es vago y no estructura la crisis fiscal del Estado con la del endeudamiento público, por lo cual en este artí culo se pretende evidenciar la configuración de la deuda pública en los últimos 30 años y su relación con la crisis fiscal del Estado.

Abstract The public debt in Colombia between 1990 and 2020 has become a structuring axis of the country's political economy and under its maintenance has generated a number of laws, decrees, and norms, which have largely determined the dyna mics of investment and social spending. Likewise, the rights of the Colombian population have been subordinated to the macroeconomic stability established under neoclassical theory. Although the public debt has a great relevance in the configuration of the State in Colombia, the analysis of the problem of public debt and its service is vague, and it does not structure the fiscal crisis of the Sta te with that of public indebtedness. Thus, this article aims to show the configu ration of the public debt in the last 30 years and its relationship with the fiscal crisis of the State.

Eventos paroxísticos que se confunden con epilepsia / Paroxysmal events that are confused with epilepsy

Resumen Los eventos paroxísticos no epilépticos (EPNE) se definen como episodios de aparición brusca y de breve duración que imitan a una crisis epiléptica, originados por una disfunción cerebral de origen diverso y a diferencia de la epilepsia no obedecen a una descarga neuronal excesiva. Su incidencia es mucho más elevada que la epilepsia y pueden aparecer a cualquier edad, pero son más frecuentes en los primeros años de vida. La inmadurez del sistema nervioso central en la infancia favorece que en este período las manifestaciones clínicas sean muy floridas y diferentes de otras edades. Fenómenos normales y comunes en el niño pueden también confundirse con crisis epilépticas. El primer paso para un diagnóstico correcto es establecer si este primer episodio corresponde a una crisis epiléptica o puede tratarse de un primer episodio de EPNE. Es importante seguir un protocolo de diagnóstico, valorando los antecedentes personales y familiares, sin olvidar el examen físico, analizar los posibles factores desencadenantes, los pormenores de cada episodio, si es posible un registro de los episodios, aplicar el sentido común y la experiencia y solamente proceder a los exámenes complementarios básicos como el registro EEG u otras exploraciones en caso de duda o para con firmación diagnóstica. En algunos casos se ha demostrado una base genética. Las opciones terapéuticas son escasas y la mayoría de EPNE tienen una evolución favorable.

Abstract Non-epileptic paroxysmal events (NEPE) are defined as episodes of sudden onset and short duration that mimic an epileptic seizure, caused by a brain dysfunction of diverse origin and, unlike epilepsy, are not due to excessive neuronal discharge. Its incidence is much higher than epilepsy and can appear at any age, but are more frequent in the first years of life. The immaturity of the central nervous system in childhood favors that in this period the clinical manifestations are more spectacular and different from other ages. Normal and common phenomena in children can also be confused with epileptic seizures. The first step for a correct diagnosis is to establish whether this first episode corresponds to an epileptic seizure or could be a first episode of NEPE. It is important to follow a diagnostic protocol, assessing the personal and family history, without forgetting the physical examination, analyzing the possible triggering factors, the details of each episode, if it's possible a record of the episodes, applying common sense and experience and only carrying out basic complementary tests such as EEG recording or others in case of doubt or for diagnostic confirmation. In some cases, a genetic basis has been demonstrated. Therapeutic op tions are scarce and the majority of NEPE have a favorable evolution.

The Interaction Between CAL and mGluR1 Alleviates Cytotoxicity Induced by mGluR1 Overactivation / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Glutamate excitotoxicity mediated by metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) overexpression or overactivation plays an important role in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although clinical trials support the therapeutic potential of certain mGluR negative allosteric modulators (NAMs), there are still some limitations of precise modulation of mGluR using NAMs. Thus, the identification of small molecules or endogenous genes that facilitate mGluR1 modulation might be potentially beneficial for PD treatment. We determined the role of interacting partner cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-associated ligand (CAL) in overactivated mGluR1-mediated cell apoptosis and signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. HEK293 cells were used as an experimental tool to directly examine the interaction between CAL and mGluR1. We found that agonist of mGluR1 significantly enhanced the interaction between CAL and mGluR1 (P< 0. 05). Furthermore, CAL suppressed overactivated mGluR1-induced cell apoptosis and the activation of mGluR1 downstream signaling pathways. CAL overexpression relieved rotenone-induced neuron death (P< 0. 001) by inhibiting the activation of mGluR1-mediated signaling pathways in rotenone-induced rat model of PD. This study may reveal a new mechanism of mGluR1 activity regulation, and hopefully provide a novel molecular mechanism for the nervous system related diseases.

The outcomes of posterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion fixation with a screw using a dual posteromedial portal technique / Desfechos da técnica de portal póstero-medial duplo para fixações de fratura em avulsão tibial do ligamento cruzado posterior

ABSTRACT Objectives Our purpose was to evaluate the clinical results of PCL tibial avulsion fracture fixation performed with 4 mm cancellous screws using a dual posteromedial (PM) portal technique. Methods In a prospective study, we followed 12 patients submitted to PCL tibial insertion avulsion arthroscopic fixation using dual PM portals with cancellous screws from March 2014 to Jan 2020. The proximal higher PM portal served as an instrument portal and provided an optimal trajectory for arthroscopic screw fixation of larger PCL avulsion fractures. The lower PM portal was used as a viewing portal. Results Significant improvements were found between the preoperative and postoperative mean Lysholm scores at six months. The preoperative IKDC score mean of 10.13 increased to 89.3 at the end of six months. Minor adverse results with this technique were: grade I on posterior sag in five knees (41.6%), temporary stiffness in two cases (16.7 %), delayed union in one patient (8.3 %), and difficulty squatting at the end of six months in one patient (8.3%). Temporary extension lag was present in two individuals (16.7%), and fixed subtle flexion deficit of 3-5 degrees occurred in one individual (8.3 %). Conclusion The outcomes obtained with the proposed technique were similar to those obtained with open techniques, although mild flexion deficits and discreet posterior sag may be present in a significant number of cases. Level of Evidence II; Prospective Cohort Study.

RESUMO Objetivos O objetivo foi avaliar os resultados clínicos da fixação da fratura da avulsão tibial PCL realizada com parafusos esponjosos de 4 mm, utilizando uma técnica de portal postero-medial (PM) duplo. Métodos Em um estudo prospectivo, acompanhamos 12 pacientes submetidos à fixação da avulsão tibial de inserção PCL por via artroscópica utilizando portais duplos PM com parafusos esponjosos de março de 2014 a janeiro de 2020. O portal PM proximal superior serviu como um portal de instrumentos e forneceu uma trajetória ideal para a fixação artroscópica com parafusos de fixação de fraturas avulsas PCL maiores. O portal PM inferior foi usado como um portal de visualização. Resultados Foram encontradas melhorias significativas entre o pré-operatório e o pós-operatório, com pontuação média de Lysholm aos seis meses. A pontuação média do IKDC pré-operatório de 10,13 aumentou para 89,3 no final dos seis meses. Os resultados adversos menores com esta técnica foram: grau I na flacidez posterior de cinco joelhos (41,6%), rigidez temporária em dois casos (16,7%), união tardia em um paciente (8,3%) e dificuldade de agachamento ao final de seis meses em um paciente (8,3%). O atraso temporário da extensão estava presente em dois indivíduos (16,7%) e o déficit de flexão sutil fixo de 3-5 graus ocorreu em um indivíduo (8,3%). Conclusão Os resultados obtidos com a técnica proposta foram similares aos obtidos com técnicas abertas, embora déficits leves de flexão e discreta flacidez posterior possam estar presentes em um número significativo de casos. Nível de Evidência II; Estudo de Coorte Prospectivo.

Estudio Descriptivo: Colposcopia en el diagnóstico de lesiones de cuello uterino en el Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca ­ Ecuador. 2015-2019 / Descriptive Study: Colposcopy as a diagnostic method for cervix lesions in Hospital de Especialidades Jose Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca-Ecuador. 2015-2019

INTRODUCCIÓN: El cáncer de cuello uterino es un problema de salud pública, siendo una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en países en vía de desarrollo. Para el screening y diagnóstico de las lesiones del cuello uterino se realiza citología cervical (Papanicolaou). Ante un reporte de citología sospechosa, la colposcopia es un procedimiento imprescindible en la evaluación del tracto genital inferior para detectar lesiones tempranas y cáncer. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue caracterizar los procedimientos colposcópicos realizados, como método diagnóstico y terapéutico, en las pacientes con resultados anormales del Papanicolaou. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: El presente es un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal, cuyo universo lo conformaron todas las pacientes con diagnóstico citológico anormal en Papanicolaou, que se realizaron un procedimiento colposcópico entre el año 2015 hasta el año 2019 en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, con un total de 1 628 pacientes. RESULTADOS: Se incluyen 1 628 procedimientos colposcópicos. El 55.46% de la población estuvieron entre los 27 a 46 años de edad. El estado civil predominante fue casada (75%). El 63.45% de las mujeres iniciaron vida sexual entre los 21 a 30 años. El 95.20% de las pacientes tuvieron entre 1 y 3 parejas sexuales. Los resultados de Papanicolaou anormales representan; el 37.28% a LIE-BG, seguido de 35.81% con ASC-US y 14.18% como LIE-AG. El 67.32% de colposcopías fueron satisfactorias. Se realizó biopsia en el 71% de las pacientes, seguido de la toma de muestra de cono con ASA-LEEP (13.69%), legrado endocervical en el 11.05%. Los resultados de anatomía patológica reportaron LIE-AG en 46.56% de los casos, seguido de 22.23 % como LIE-BG y cervicitis crónica en el 16.27%, 12.28% de los resultados fueron negativos. CONCLUSIÓN: Tres cuartas partes de las colposcopias se realizaron en mujeres entre los 27 y 56 años de edad. Los resultados anormales más frecuentemente encontrados en el Papanicolaou fueron: LIE-BG, seguido de ASC-US. 67% de las colposcopias realizadas fueron satisfactorias. Tras la colposcopia, en la mayoría de pacientes se realizó biopsia, en un menor porcentaje y en orden de frecuencia: conización electro quirúrgica con asa (ASA-LEEP), legrado endocervical e histerectomía diagnóstica. Los resultados de anatomía patológica reportaron LIE-AG en el 46.56%, LIE-BG en el 22.23 % como y cervicitis crónica en el 16.27%; 12.28% de estudios fueron negativos.(au)

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is a public health issue, being one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Cervical cytology (Papanicolaou) is performed for screening and diagnosis of cervical lesions. In case of a suspicious cytology report, colposcopy is an essential procedure for evaluation of the lower genital tract, to detect early lesions and cancer. The aim of this study was to characterize the colposcopy procedures performed, as a diagnostic and therapeutic method, in patients with abnormal Papanicolaou results. METHODS: This is an observational, descriptive cross-sectional study, whose universe were all the patients with abnormal cytological diagnosis in pap smear, who underwent a colposcopy procedure between 2015 and 2019 at Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, with a total of 1 628 patients. RESULTS: 1 628 colposcopic procedures were included. 55.46% of the population were between 27 to 46 years of age. The predominant marital status was married status (75%). 63.45% of women had their first sexual experience between 21 and 30 years of age. 95.20% of the patients had between 1 and 3 sexual partners. Abnormal pap smear results represent; 37.28% to LSIL, followed by ASC-US (35.81%), and HSIL (14.18%). 67.32% of colposcopies were classified as satisfactory. Biopsy was performed in 71% of the patients, followed by loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) (13.69%), endocervical curettage in 11.05%. The pathology results reported HSIL in 46.56% of the cases, followed by 22.23% as LSIL and chronic cervicitis in 16.27%, 12.28% of the results were negative. CONCLUSION: Three-quarters of all colposcopies were performed on women between 27 and 56 years of age. The most frequently abnormal Pap smear results were: LSIL, followed ASC-US. 67% of the colposcopies were satisfactory. After colposcopy, biopsy was performed in most of the patients, in lower percentage: loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), endocervical curettage and diagnostic hysterectomy. Pathology results reported HSIL in 46.56%, LSIL IN 22.23% and chronic cervicitis in 16.27%; 12.28% of studies were negative.(au)

Lightweight masonry block without Portland cement / Bloco de alvenaria leve sem cimento Portland

ABSTRACT Huge amounts of fly ash - a substance that does not conform to the ASTM C618 classification due to its chemical properties - have been abandoned in landfills around the world, despite their self-cementing property. It has not been used in concrete making applications due to its large amounts of free lime and sulfate contents. The fly ash in these plants is dumped in landfills, causing serious environmental hazards. Fly ash is disposed to the landfills by belt conveyors after being humidified with water. Therefore, the fly ashes humidified in the landfill areas are hydrated in nature. This hydration is further intensified in landfills by rain and snow. Thus, the free lime content of fly ash decreases due to its long hydration process. In this work, the lightweight masonry blocks were produced by mixing normal and hydrated fly ashes or normal, hydrated fly ash and lime without Portland cement. The compressive strength, water absorption, sorptivity, density, porosity, and thermal conductivity values of the samples produced were determined. The results obtained from these tests showed that lightweight masonry blocks could be produced by using these waste materials in building applications.

RESUMO Enormes quantidades de cinzas volantes - uma substância que não está de acordo com a classificação ASTM C618 devido às suas propriedades químicas - foram abandonadas em aterros sanitários ao redor do mundo, apesar de sua propriedade de autocimentação. Essas substâncias não têm sido usadas em aplicações de fabricação de concreto devido às suas grandes quantidades de cal livre e teores de sulfato. A cinza volante dessas usinas é despejada em aterros sanitários, causando sérios riscos ambientais. Essas cinzas são descartadas em aterros por correias transportadoras após serem umedecidas com água. Portanto, as cinzas volantes umedecidas nas áreas do aterro são hidratadas na natureza. Essa hidratação é ainda mais intensificada em aterros, pela chuva e pela neve. Assim, o teor de cal livre nas cinzas volantes diminui devido ao longo processo de hidratação. Neste trabalho, blocos de alvenaria leves foram produzidos pela mistura de cinzas volantes normais e hidratadas, ou cinza volante normal hidratada e cal sem cimento Portland. Foram determinados os valores de resistência à compressão, absorção de água, sensibilidade, densidade, porosidade e condutividade térmica das amostras produzidas. Os resultados obtidos nesses testes mostraram que blocos de alvenaria leves podem ser produzidos usando esses materiais residuais em aplicações de construção.

Effect of honokiol on proliferation, migration and apoptosis of human tongue cancer CAL-27 cells / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effects of honokiol on proliferation, migration and apoptosis of human tongue carcinoma CAL-27 cells.@*METHODS@#Routinely cultured CAL-27 cells were treated with 20, 40, or 60 μmol/L honokiol and the changes in cell proliferation were assessed with MTT assay. The scratch wound healing assay was used to assess the migration ability of the treated cells, and the cell apoptosis was detected with Hoechst33342 fluorescence staining and annexin V-FITC/PI method. The protein expression levels of p-Pi3k, p-Fak, Fak, MMP-2, MMP-9, p-Akt, Akt, Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved-caspase-3 in the treated cells were detected using Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#Treatment with honokiol at 20, 40, and 60 μmol/L for 24 h significantly lowered the proliferation and migration ability of CAL-27 cells. The number of apoptotic cells increased with the increase of honokiol concentration, which resulted in a cell apoptosis rate of (15.24±2.06)% at 20 μmol/L, (35.03±2.42)% at 40 μmol/L, and (48.13±4.61)% at 60 μmol/L, as compared with (6.53±1.80)% in the control group. The expressions of p-Pi3k, p-Fak, MMP-2, MMP-9, p-Akt and BCL-2 decreased and those of Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 increased significantly in the cells after the treatment ( < 0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Honokiol can inhibit the proliferation and migration and induce apoptosis of CAL-27 cells possibly by regulating the expressions of p-Pi3k, p-Fak, MMP-2, MMP-9, p-Akt, Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved-caspase-3.

Inhibitory effect of celecoxib on Cal-27 tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@# To explore the inhibitory effect of celecoxib (CELE) on the proliferation of tongue squamous cell carcinoma Cal-27 cells and its mechanism.@*Methods@# A CCK-8 assay was used to investigate the cytotoxicity of different concentrations CELE(10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mol/L) at 24 and 48 h in Cal-27 cells. According to the concentration of CELE, samples were divided into a control group (0 μmol/L) and experimental groups (10, 20, and 40 μmol/L), and cell invasiveness was detected by the Transwell method. The expression levels of c-Myc and Cyclin D1 mRNA were detected with qPCR, and western blots were used to detect the expression of phosphate and tension homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), phospho-protein kinase B (p-AKT) (Thr308), c-Myc, cyclin D1 and other proteins in Cal-27 cells after 24 h of treatment with different doses of CELE (10, 20, and 40 μ mol/L) and after 6, 12, and 24 h of treatment with 40 μmol/L CELE.@*Results @# The different concentrations of CELE were able to inhibit the proliferation of Cal-27 cells, and the higher the concentration of CELE was, the more significant the inhibition of the proliferation of Cal-27 cells was. The cell survival rates of cells exposed to 40 μmol/L CELE were 80% and 75% after 24 and 48 h, respectively. In the four groups of patients, the number of invasive cells was compared, and the results in decreasing order were the control group, 10 μmol/L CELE, 20 μmol/L CELE, and 40 μmol/L CELE. The expression level of c-Myc, cyclin D1 mRNA and the protein in P-AKT (Thr308), c-Myc, and cyclin D1 significantly decreased and the expression of PTEN protein increased in the Cal-27 cells after administration of CELE at different concentrations. @*Conclusion@# CELE can inhibit the proliferation of Cal-27 cells, possibly through inhibition of the expression of proliferation signal factors, such as c-Myc and cyclin D1, by activating the PTEN signaling pathway.

Knockdown of circ_0001273 inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To explore the effect of circ_0001273 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma（OSCC） cells and to provide a relevant research basis for the use of targeted therapy in OSCC. @*Methods@#Data from twelve patients with a clinical diagnosis of OSCC were collected from tumor specimens and adjacent tissues. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of circ_0001273, circ_0018569, circ_0027152, and circ_0001273 which had the highest difference in expression in cancer and adjacent tissues was selected. siRNA was used for the knockdown of circ_0001273 in two types of OSCC cell lines, UM1 and CAL27, and the effects on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of UM1 and CAL27 cells were measured by MTS and Transwell experiments, respectively. @*Results@#The expression of circ_0001273 was abnormally increased in the 12 OSCC tissues (P < 0.05). After knocking down circ_0001273 in UM1 and CAL27 cells, the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of UM1 and CAL27 cells were significantly reduced (P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#The knockdown of circ_0001273 can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of OSCC cells.

Effects of vitamin C on reversing cisplatin resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#Objective: To study the effects of vitamin C (VC) on reversing cisplatin (DDP) resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and the mechanism. Methods: Human OSCC CAL27 cells were cultured in vitro and DDP-resistant CAL27 cell line (CAL27/ DDP) was screened by increasing concentration gradient method. Plate clone formation assay, CCK-8, Wound healing assay, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining flow cytometry were used to determine the effects of DDP alone or in combination with VC on colony formation, proliferation, migration and apoptosis of CAL27/DDP cells. Western blotting was used to detect the expression level of P-gp protein in CAL27 cells, CAL27/DDP cells and VC treated CAL27/DDP cells. Results: The inhibition concentration (IC50) of DDP increased significantly in CAL27/DDP cells as compared with that in CAL27 cells (P<0.05), indicating CAL27/DDP was DDP-resistant.After the combination with VC, the IC50 of DDP on CAL27/DDP cells was significantly reduced compared with that of DDP alone (P<0.05). DDP combined with VC significantly inhibited the migration of CAL27/DDP cells (P<0.01), and promoted the apoptosis rate (P<0.01). The expression level of P-gp protein in CAL27/DDP cells was increased compared with that in CAL27 cells (P<0.05), but decreased after VC intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion: VC can reverse DDP-resistance in OSCC cells by inhibiting P-gp protein expression.

Resultados preliminares en la implementación de una técnica de detección de ganglio centinela en cáncer de cuello uterino y endometrio en un hospital público y centro formador en chile / Preliminary results in the implementation of a sentinel node detection technique in cervical and endometrial cancer in a public hospital and training center in Chile

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar el rendimiento diagnóstico de la técnica de azul patente (disponible en todo el territorio nacional) en el ganglio centinela para la estadificación del cáncer cérvico uterino y en-dometrial. Método Estudio prospectivo realizado entre enero de 2014 y diciembre de 2018. Se evaluó la técnica de azul patente para la detección de ganglio centinela en la estadificación del cáncer cérvico uterino y endometrial, antes de la linfadenectomía pélvica estándar. La inyección del azul patente se aplicó en el cuello uterino (1 cc 1 cm de profundidad y 1 cc superficial) a las 3 y 9 horas, 20 minutos antes del inicio de la cirugía (laparotomía o laparoscópica). La identifica-ción y extracción del ganglio centinela fue realizado por un ginecólogo oncólogo certificado y evaluado mediante histología tradicional con hematoxilina y eosina (H&E). Resultado Se realiza-ron un total de 80 cirugías. El ganglio centinela se identificó en 75 (94%) pacientes, 60 (75%) bilateralmente; Con una detección media de 1,9 nodos por paciente. El sitio de identificación más frecuente fue la fosa obturatriz (43,9%), seguida de los vasos ilíacos externos. Otro 2,6% de los nodos fueron encontrados en sitios poco comunes. Entre los ganglios linfáticos seleccio-nados, 10 casos fueron positivos para el cáncer. No hubo ganglio centinela falso negativo. La tasa de detección fue del 83%, con una especificidad del 95%. Conclusiones Los datos aquí expuestos nos permiten estandarizar e implementar el uso de gan-glio centinela con azul patente. El uso de GC adecua la cirugía a la necesidad de la paciente, con una clara disminución en la incidencia de complicaciones asociadas a la linfadenectomía. Este trabajo forma parte de un estudio inicial el cual se debe complementar con el uso de la tin-ción de verde de indocianina y el estudio anatomo patológico con ultraestadiaje para obtener una validación e implementación adecuada del GC en la etapificación en cáncer de cérvix y endo-metrio.

SUMMARY Objective To assess the diagnostic performance of patent blue dye technique (available in the whole country) in sentinel lymph node for cervical and endometrial cancer staging. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted between January 2014 to December 2018. Patent blue dye technique was assessed for the detection of sentinel lymph node in cervical and endometrial cancer staging, before standard pelvic lymphadenectomy. Blue dye injection was applied in the cervix (1cc 1cm deep and 1cc superficial) at 3 and 9 hour, 20 minutes prior start-ing a surgery (laparotomy or laparoscopic). The sentinel lymph node was collected by a certified surgeon and assessed by traditional histologic hematoxylin and eosin stain. Results A total of 80 surgeries were performed. The sentinel lymph node was identified in 75 (94%) patients, 60 (75%) bilaterally; with an average detection of 1,9 nodes per patient. The most common site of identifi-cation was the obturator fossa, followed by the external iliac vessels (43,9%). 2,6% of the nodes were found in uncommon sites. 10 lymph nodes were cancer-positive. There were no false neg-ative sentinel node.Overall in our cohort the detection rate was 83% for specificity 95%. Conclusions Our data presented in this publication allow us to safely standardize and implement a sentinel lymph node technique with patent blue. This technique will allow us to adapt the sur-gery for the patient's needs, diminishing the incidence of complications associated with lym-phadenectomy. This is the first stage of our work which we must complement with indocyanine green and pathological study with ultrastaging to obtain an adequate validation and implementa-tion of sentinel node in cervical and endometrial cancer staging.

Ditadura e imprensa: a criação da imagem de terrorista da psicóloga Pauline Reichstul / Dictatorship and press: the creation of a terrorist's image of the psychologist Pauline Reichstul / Dictadura y prensa: la creación de la imagen de terrorista de la psicóloga Pauline Reichstul / Dictature et presse: la création de l'image de terroriste de la psychologue Pauline Reichstul

Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender o movimento ideológico operado pela imprensa brasileira na criação da imagem de terrorista da psicóloga Pauline Reichstul, assassinada em 1973. Com isso, buscamos retomar parte da historiografia de psicólogos que tiveram algum papel de resistência contra o golpe de classe de 1964. Utilizando os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos do materialismo histórico-dialético, e apoiando-nos na concepção de estudo crítico tal como pensado na teoria vigotskiana, fizemos uma análise concreta da imprensa brasileira ao tratar o assassinato de Pauline no Massacre da Chácara São Bento. Pesquisamos sobre Pauline Reichstul nos bancos de dados dos jornais da época, disponíveis na Biblioteca Nacional. Isto nos deu o material empírico, possibilitando reconstruir este movimento a partir destas publicações. Ao final, concluímos que a construção da imagem desta psicóloga só se tornou possível através de sua desumanização, promovida pela mediação ideológica da imprensa. Esta serviu, portanto, como verdadeira correia de transmissão do Estado brasileiro.

This article aims to understand the ideological movement operated by the Brazilian press in creating a terrorist 's image of the psychologist Pauline Reichstul, murdered in 1973. With this, we resume part of the historiography ofpsychologists who had some role in the resistance against the 1964 class coup. Using the theoretical and methodological assumptions of historical and dialectical materialism, and based on the conception of criticai study of vygotskian theory, we made the concrete analysis of the Brazilian press in dealing with the Pauline 's murder in the Massacre of Chácara São Bento. We searched about Pauline Reichstul in the databases of the newspapers of that time, available at the Biblioteca Nacional. It gave us the empirical material, making it possible to reconstruct this movement from these publications. In the end, we conclude that the construction of this psychologist's image has only become possible through her dehumanization, promoted by the ideological mediation of the press. It served, therefore, like a cog in the machine of the Brazilian State.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender el movimiento ideológico operado por la prensa brasilena en la creación de la imagen de terrorista de la psicóloga Pauline Reichstul, asesinada en 1973. Con eso, buscamos retomar parte de la historiografia de psicólogos que tuvieron algún papel de resistencia contra el golpe de clase de 1964. Utilizando de los presupuestos teórico-metodológicos del materialismo histórico-dialéctico, y apoyándonos en la concepción de estudio crítico tal como pensado en la teoría vigotskiana, hicimos el análisis concreto de la prensa brasilena al tratar del caso Pauline en la Masacre de la Chacara São Bento. Buscamos la investigación del caso de Pauline Reichstul en los bancos de datos de los diarios de la época, disponibles en la Biblioteca Nacional. Esto nos dio el material empírico, posibilitando reconstruir este movimiento a partir de estas publicaciones. Al final, concluimos que la construcción de la imagen de esta psicóloga sólo se hizo posible a través de su deshumanización, promovida por la mediación ideológica de la prensa. Sirvió, pues, como verdadera correa de transmisión del Estado brasileno.

Cet article vise à comprendre le mouvement idéologique opéré par la presse brésilienne dans la création de l'image de terroriste de lapsychologue Pauline Reichstul, assassinée en 1973. Avec cela, nous avons reprendre une partie de l'historiographie de psychologues qui ont joué un rôle de résistance contre le coup dEtat de 1964. Utilisant les hypothèses théorique-méthodologiques du matéria-lisme historique et dialectique, et en s'inspirant de la conception de l'étude critique comme pensé dans la théorie de Vygotski, nous avons fait l'analyse concrète de la presse brésilienne dans le traitement de l 'assassinat de Pauline dans le massacre de Chácara São Bento. Nous avons effectué des recherches sur Pauline Reichstul dans les bases de données des périodiques disponibles à la Biblioteca Nacional. Cela nous a donné le matériel empirique permettant de reconstruire ce mouvement à partir de ces publications. A la fin, nous concluons que la construction de l'image de cette psychologue n'a été rendue possible que par sa déshumanisation, favorisée par la médiation idéologique de la presse. Cela a donc servi de véritable courroie de transmission de l'Etat brésilien.

Computer assisted learning vs. conventional teaching in experimental Pharmacology: perception of second year medical students

Background: The main pool of pharmacology practical teaching is formed by the use and demonstration of animal experiments. Animals have been used to demonstrate the effect of various drugs in experimental pharmacology classes, in the lab. The practical sessions in pharmacology training involving animal experiments are still taught by traditional teaching methods. Rapid development of information technology has led to newer trends in teaching and learning using Computer Assisted Learning (CAL). Keeping it in mind we decided to undertake this study to assess the perception of CAL in 2nd year MBBS students over conventional teaching in experimental pharmacology.Methods: This was an observational, questionnaire-based study. A total of hundred undergraduate MBBS (2nd year) students participated. Participants were first demonstrated an animal experiment by conventional teaching method followed by the same animal experiment demonstration on CAL. Students� feedback was recorded on a questionnaire and analyzed.Results: The mean age of the participants was 19.88�28 years. The study overall observed that 62% preferred CAL to conventional (38%). Majority of the participants� thought CAL (63%) helps to understand better over conventional (28%) and that CAL (63%) is time independent over conventional (28%). More than 85% felt that CAL was more explanatory and provided a better learning experience.Conclusions: Students preferred CAL to conventional teaching, in experimental pharmacology. It also provided insight on perception and experience of students towards CAL for experimental pharmacology. However, further studies are warranted to assess the knowledge, cognitive and psychomotor skills of students.

Computer assisted learning module in experimental pharmacology for medical students: introduction and evaluation

Background: Animal experiments have been restricted due to strict Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA) rules and regulations for animal procurement and experimentation. At present, teaching is done by showing cards with tracings. This helps in the development of cognitive domain only. There is a need to change the traditional passive learning methodologies to an active technology based experimental learning methodology. Present educational interventional study is aimed at enhancing learning and making teaching interactive and interesting by introducing Computer Assisted Learning (CAL). Objectives of the study are to assess and evaluate the learning outcome of two methods (teaching by showing cards and computer assisted) in experimental Pharmacology and to assess the perception of students and faculty towards implementation of CAL.Methods: The study was conducted at Sarawathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur, UP, India. A departmental meeting was organized to sensitize the faculty members. Test and feedback questionnaire were prepared. Participants were divided into two groups. One group was taught by cards and another by CAL. For second experiment students cross over was done. Students were assessed by post-test analysis. Feedback from the faculty and students were taken and analyzed.Results: There was improvement in knowledge of students as shown from results of post-test analysis. More than 86% of the faculty members and 80% of the students rated CAL methodology more than 3 at Likert scale.Conclusions: As compared to teaching by cards, the learning was enhanced by CAL. Students found CAL more enjoyable, interactive, comprehensible and easy to retain. In future, students would prefer CAL as an alternative method of learning in experimental laboratory.

Discussion of the site visit strategy of Institutional Review Board / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective To discuss appropriate strategies of site visits in ethical committees ,to enhance the supervision of clinical trials effectively ,and standardize the implementation of clinical research .Methods In consideration of the lack of de-tailed normative description of site visit in ethical guidelines and relevant articles ,as well as the varying degrees of implementa-tion and understanding of site visits among different ethical committees .This article discussed the procedures ,contents and considerations of site visit based on the analysis of numerous site visits cases conducted .Results Site visit is one of the crucial procedures to more comprehensive ,in-depth and truly understanding of the implementation of clinical trials .It is helpful to help sponsors/investigators enhance awareness and compliance with the good clinical practice .It also helps to correct problems time-ly during the implementation process to assure the standardized implementation of follow-up studies ,and finally ,effectively protect the rights and interests and safety of subjects .Conclusions Standardized and efficient site visit strategy of the ethical committee is one of the important regulatory strategies in the implementation of clinical trials and is an effective supplement to the regular review of ethical materials .

Observation of short-term clinical efficacy of wrist arthroscopy in the treatment of Palmer ⅠB triangular fibrocartilage complex injury / 中国基层医药

Objective To observe the short-term clinical efficacy of wrist arthroscopy in the treatment of Palmer ⅠB type triangular fibrocartilage complex ( TFCC) injury.Methods From March 2016 to January 2017, 12 patients with Palmer ⅠB TFCC were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,including 5 males and 7 females,with an average age of 38.5 years.After examination and imaging exami-nation,the diagnosis was confirmed.After full preoperative preparation , the patients underwent arthroscopic repair under wrist arthroscopy.The VAS score and modified Mayo wrist joint function score before and after surgery were tested to evaluate the clinical efficacy after 6 months.Results Twelve patients underwent successful operation and with no postoperative complications.The patients were followed up.The VAS scores before and after surgery were (4.08 ±0.90)points and (1.33 ±0.88)points,respectively,the difference was statistically significant (t＝8.37,P＝0.000).The modified Mayo wrist joint function scores were (48.33 ±7.48)points and (87.91 ±5.41)points before and after surgery,and the difference was statistically significant ( t＝12.05,P＝0.000).Conclusion Arthroscopic repair of Palmer Ⅰb type TFCC has less trauma and quick recovery ,and the clinical short-term result is satisfactory.

Effect of gifitinib combined with hydroxylcamptothecin pericardial perfusion in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with pericardial effusion / 中国基层医药

Objective To observe the clinical effect of gifitinib combined with hydroxylcamptothecin pericardial perfusion in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) with pericardial effusion. Methods From January 2016 to September 2017,eighty-four cases of late NSCLC with pericardial effusion treated in the People′s Hospital of Jiaozhou were randomly divided into two groups according to the digital table,with 42 cases in each group.The control group was treated with gefitinib,and the observation group was treated with hydroxylcampto-thecin on the basis of the control group.The curative effect was evaluated after two courses of treatment in the two groups,and the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were observed.Results The effective rates of the control group and the observation group were 47.6% (20/42) and 66.7% (28/42),respectively.The effective rate of the observa-tion group was significantly higher than that of the control group(χ2 =4.525,P<0.05).The effective rate of pericar-dial effusion was 33.3% (14/42) in the control group and 69.1% (29/42) in the observation group,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant( χ2 =10.720,P <0.05).There was no ststistically significant difference in the incidence rate of adverse reactions between the two groups during treatment(P<0.05).Conclusion Combination of gefitinib and hydroxylcamptothecin pericardial perfusion in the treatment of NSCLC with pericardial effusion has good tolerance and good safety for the patients.