ABSTRACT
To screen active components of Desmodium styracifolium in protecting calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) -induced human proximaltubular epithelial cell (HK-2) damage model, and furtherly explore its mechanism of action, total flavonoids of Desmodium styracifolium (TFDS) and eight flavonoids (schaftoside, isoschaftoside, vicenin-2, isovitexin, isoorientin, apigenin, luteolin and genistein) were tested by COM-induced HK-2 damage model. MTT assay was used to detect the effects of different components on the cell viability of COM-induced HK-2 damage model. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in the cell supernatant and the activity level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of cell were detected by the kit. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, HMGB1 in HK-2 of different groups. Compared with the model group, the cell activity was significantly increased after 24 h co-culture with TFDS and four flavonoids (isoorientin, apigenin, genistein and luteolin). These active components can reduce the LDH leakage and ROS in cell supernatant and increase the activity of SOD, with regulating the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, HMGB1. TFDS, apigenin, isoorientin, luteolin and genistein can protect COM-induced HK-2 cell damage, including enhancing cell viability, protecting cell membrane integrity and enhancing oxidative stress, and regulate the expression of proteins related to NLRP3 inflammasome.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate and optimize the origin integration method and process of Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine (PRPZA). Methods: Taking the content of calcium oxalate crystal as an index to screen the way of adding ginger and heating method, taking the content of calcium oxalate crystal, the content of water-soluble extracts, and amount of alum residue as the indexes, with the method of orthogonal design and the comprehensive scoring to optimize the processing technology of fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma. Results: The optimized processing method and technology was for per 100 g fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma, plus alum 10 g, mashed ginger 20 g, the common heating to boil after 30 min, soaking for 3 d, and then to 120 ℃ pressure cooking 40 min, rinsing to semi dry, being sliced and dried. Conclusion: The selected origin integration method and technology could not only reduces the content irritant toxic components of calcium oxalate crystal, also avoids the losses of active ingredients, and improve the quality of decoction pieces.
ABSTRACT
We present a case of ethylene glycol poisoning with high anion gap metabolic acidosis. A 71 year-old female patient was transferred to our hospital after ingesting 450 mL of anti-freeze. At arrival she showed high anion gap metabolic acidosis with pH 7.035, PaCO2 7.2 mmHg, PaO2 117.5 mmHg, HCO3 - 1.9 mmol/L and anion gap 32 mmol/L. Calcium oxalate crystals were identified on urine microscopy. Bicarbonate treatment did not improve her metabolic acidosis, and oliguric acute renal failure was developed. So she was treated with hemodialysis. After the hemodialysis treatment her metabolic acidosis was corrected and her renal function was improved. She was discharged on the 22nd day.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Acid-Base Equilibrium , Acidosis , Acute Kidney Injury , Calcium Oxalate , Ethylene Glycol , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Microscopy , Poisoning , Renal DialysisABSTRACT
To investigate the relationship between calcium oxalate stone formation and pathological change of the rat kidney, the early phases of calcium oxalate crystal formation in rat kidneys after intraperitoneal challenge with sodium oxalate were examined at various time interval. The number, size and distribution of the calcium oxalate particles, which were formed intraluminally in proximal tubule, depend on the pathological change according to the time interval after its injection. Tubular obstruction and dilatation due to cellular edema followed by necrosis of tubules and interstitial inflammation were related with increase in number and size of the calcium oxalate particles.