ABSTRACT
A new neolignan, (-)-(7R,8S,7'E)-3',4-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-8,4'-oxyneoligna-7'-ene-7,9,9'-triol(1), and seven known compounds, 9-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)-nona-trans,trans-2,8-diene-4,6-diyn-1-ol (2), 9-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)-trans-non-8-ene-4,6-diyn-1-ol (3), lobetyol (4), lobetyolin (5),dehydrodieoniferyl alcohol (6), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (7), and 4, 4'-dihydroxy-3, 3'-dimethoxy-trans-stilbene (8), were isolated from the H2O extract of Codonopsis pilosula. The structures of 1-8 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and CD. In addition, compounds 2 and 3 were isolated from the genus Codonopsis for the first time.
ABSTRACT
Three new sesquiterpene glycosides, named codonopsesquilosides A-C (1-3), were isolated from an aqueous extract of the dried roots of Codonopsis pilosula. Their structures including absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. These glycosides are categorized as C15 carotenoid (1), gymnomitrane (2), and eudesmane (3) types of sesquiterpenoids, respectively. Compound 1 is the first diglycoside of C15 carotenoids to be reported. Compound 2 represents the second reported example of gymnomitrane-type sesquiterpenoids from higher plants. The absolute configurations were supported by comparison of the experimental circular dichroism (CD) spectra with the calculated electronic CD (ECD) spectra of 1-3, their aglycones, and model compounds based on quantum-mechanical time-dependent density functional theory. The influences of the glycosyls on the calculated ECD spectra of the glycosidic sesquiterpenoids, as well as some nomenclature and descriptive problems with gymnomitrane-type sesquiterpenoids are discussed.
ABSTRACT
Four new acetylenes (1-4) and one new unsaturated ω-hydroxy fatty acid (5), together with 5 known analogues, were isolated from an aqueous extract of Codonopsis pilosula roots. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. The new acetylenes are categorized as an unusual cyclotetradecatrienynone (1), tetradecenynetriol (2), and rare octenynoic acids (3 and 4), respectively, and 3 and 4 are possibly derived from oxidative metabolic degradation of 1 and/or 2. The absolute configuration of 1 was assigned by comparison of the experimental circular dichroism (CD) spectrum with the calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra of stereoisomers based on the quantum-mechanical time-dependent density functional theory, while the configuration of 2 was assigned by using modified Mosher׳s method based on the MPA determination rule of Δδ RS values for diols.
ABSTRACT
La familia Campanulaceae es reconocida en el Perú por presentar 11 géneros y alrededor de 180 especies (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993; Ulloa Ulloa et al., 2004), principalmente arbustos y hierbas. En este trabajo reconocemos 32 especies endémicas en tres géneros, incluidas en su mayoría en los géneros Siphocampylus y Centropogon. Los taxones endémicos se encuentran principalmente en la región Bosques Muy Húmedos Montanos, entre los 800 y 3600 m de altitud. Se aplicaron las categorías y criterios de la UICN a 23 especies. Nueve especies endémicas se encuentran representadas dentro del Sistema Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado.
The Campanulaceae are represented in Peru by 11 genera and around 180 species (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993; Ulloa Ulloa et al., 2004), mainly shrubs and herbs. Here we recognize 32 endemic species in three genera. Siphocampylus and Centropogon account for the largest number of endemic species. Endemic Campanulaceae are found mostly in the Very Humid Montane Forests region, between 800 and 3600 m elevation. We applied IUCN categories and criteria to 23 species. Nine endemic species have been recorded within the Peruvian parks system.