Epidemiological survey of Campylobacter infection associated with acute bacterial infectious children diarrhea in Shanghai / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective To assess the prevalence of Campylobacter in the children with acute bacterial diarrhea in Shanghai.Methods Epidemiological survey.Totally 6 641 children with acute bacterial infectious diarrhea from outpatients and inpatients in Children′s Hospital of Fudan University were submitted to the investigation during January 2011 to December 2012.The Campylobacter was isolated from stool samples collected from subjects in micro aerobic environment and identified by both multi-PCR and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry ( MALDI-TOF MS ) .Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were assayed by disk-diffusion method according to EUCAST standard.The isolates molecular typing was done by PFGE.SPSS16.0 was used to analyze the results.Results A total number of 6 641 subjects were enrolled, among them, 305 patients were infected with Campylobacter.The prevalence rate was 4.6%(305/6 641).Among the infected patients, 240 patients were infected with Campylobacter jejuni and 65 patients were infected with Campylobacter coli, the infectious rates of these two pathogenic bacteria were 3.6%and 1.0%, respectively.The peak infectious rate in patients older than 1 year of age was 6.2%(209/3 385) which was higher than that in children under 1 year of age (2.9%, 96/3 256),χ2 =35.98,P<0.001.The infectious rate in winter and spring (6.8%, 138/2 040) was higher than that in the other seasons ( 3.6%, 167/4 601 ) ,χ2 =28.59, P <0.001.Antimicrobial susceptibility test results showed that 91.5%( 279/305 ) isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and 11.8%( 36/305 ) isolates were resistant to erythromycin.A total of 9 genotypes of Campylobacter were found by PFGE cluster analysis.The similarity were ranged from 65.1%-100.0%for type A, 67.6%-100.0%for type B, 61.7%-100.0%for type C, 59.0%-100.0%for type D, 71.4%for type F, 80.0%for type H, 54.4%-90.9%for type I, and only one strain was classified as type E and G.Conclusions Campylobacter is a major pathogenic bacteria associated with acute bacterial infectious diarrhea in children especially in children older than 1 year of age in Shanghai.The prevalent pattern of this pathogen was sporadic and the sharp peak was in winter and spring.The isolates are highly resistant to ciprofloxacin but still sensitive to erythromycin.

Role of Cytolethal Distending Toxin in Altered Stool Form and Bowel Phenotypes in a Rat Model of Post-infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Campylobacter jejuni infection is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis, which is a trigger for post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) is expressed by enteric pathogens that cause PI-IBS. We used a rat model of PI-IBS to investigate the role of CDT in long-term altered stool form and bowel phenotypes. METHODS: Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged with wildtype C. jejuni (C+), a C. jejuni cdtB knockout (CDT-) or saline vehicle (controls). Four months after gavage, stool from 3 consecutive days was assessed for stool form and percent wet weight. Rectal tissue was analyzed for intraepithelial lymphocytes, and small intestinal tissue was stained with anti-c-kit for deep muscular plexus interstitial cells of Cajal (DMP-ICC). RESULTS: All 3 groups showed similar colonization and clearance parameters. Average 3-day stool dry weights were similar in all 3 groups, but day-to-day variability in stool form and stool dry weight were significantly different in the C+ group vs both controls (P < 0.01) and the CDT- roup (P < 0.01), but were not different in the CDT- vs controls. Similarly, rectal lymphocytes were significantly higher after C. jejuni (C+) infection vs both controls (P < 0.01) and CDT-exposed rats (P < 0.05). The counts in the latter 2 groups were not significantly different. Finally, c-kit staining revealed that DMP-ICC were reduced only in rats exposed to wildtype C. jejuni. CONCLUSIONS: In this rat model of PI-IBS, CDT appears to play a role in the development of chronic altered bowel patterns, mild chronic rectal inflammation and reduction in DMP-ICC.

Campylobacter y campylobacteriosis: una mirada desde América del Sur / Campylobacter and campylobacteriosis: a view from South America

Las especies termotolerantes de Campylobacter han adquirido gran importancia en la salud pública, por ser considerados agentes de diarrea infecciosa para el ser humano. En esta breve revisión se presenta información sobre aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos y bacteriológicos de campylobacteriosis en América del Sur. Asimismo, se señalan algunas diferencias con relación a su presentación en países industrializados.

The thermotolerant species of Campylobacter have become very important in public health, especially as agents of infectious diarrhea in human beings. In this brief revision we present part of the available information generated in South America about epidemiological, clinical and bacteriological aspects of campylobacteriosis and we identify some differences between the observed and documented campylobacteriosis in South America compared to those described in industrialized countries.

Quantifying the Association between Campylobacter Infection and Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a neurologic disease that causes ascending paralysis and is triggered by a preceding bacterial or viral infection. Several studies have shown that patients with GBS have a recent history of infection due to Campylobacter jejuni. A literature review of published studies that reported rates of Campylobacter infection before or in conjunction with GBS was done. These reported data were used for calculating the proportion of GBS cases who tested positive for Campylobacter compared to the control population and the incidence of GBS among patients infected with Campylobacter. Results of the analysis suggest that 31% of 2,502 GBS cases included in these papers are attributable to Campylobacter infection.

Prevalencia de campylobacter jejuni en pollo y gallina en canal en Bogotá, D. C / Prevalence of campylobacter jejuni in chicken and chicken carcass in Bogota D. C

La Campylobacteriosis es una enfermedad producida por las especies termo tolerantes de Campylobacter. El Campylobacter Jejuni puede llegar al hombre a través de alimentos como el agua, la leche sin pasterizar y canales de aves. Debido a su alta prevalencia mundial, la OMS y la FAO propusieron en un informe titulado “Evaluación del riesgo de peligros microbiológicos en los alimentos”, en julio de 2001, que cada país o región debe determinar la presencia de C. Jejuni en pollo parrillero para obtener datos tangibles, reales, y tomar medidas con el fin de disminuir el riesgo de enfermedades causadas por alimentos. Dado que en Colombia no existen datos reportados sobre la prevalencia en Campylobacter Jejuni, la Secretaría Distrital de Salud de Bogotá abocó el problema con el concurso del Laboratorio de Salud Pública y el Área de Vigilancia del Ambiente y del Consumo (VAC). El objetivo de este estudio fue el de evaluar la prevalencia de C. Jejuni en pollo y gallina en canal, en junio de 2006, utilizando la metodología de PCR en tiempo real (PCR-rt). Se analizaron 205 muestras de aves en canal provenientes de 19 plantas de sacrificio del Distrito Capital, obteniéndose una prevalencia de Campylobacter spp. de 9,7%, y de la cual el 10% corresponde a C. Jejuni, valores considerados inferiores a los reportados en la literatura mundial. Se recomienda continuar la vigilancia de este microorganismo en Bogotá y extenderla al resto del país, para dar continuidad al proceso de evaluación del riego en el pollo parrillero.

The Campylobacteriosis is an illness produced by the thermotolerant species of Campylobacter. The Campylobacter jejuni can act on water, untreated or raw milk, and poultry carcasses. Due to its high prevalescence, the WHO and FAO proposed in a report titled “Evaluación del riesgo de peligros microbiológicos en los alimentos”, julio 2001, that each country or region should carry out an analisys of the presence of C. jejuni in poultry to obtain tangible and real data, so as to take appropriate measures with the purpose of diminishing the risk of illnesses caused by foods. The Secretaría Distrital de Salud de Bogotá through the laboratory of public health and the environment and consumption surveillance department (VAC) takes the objective of evaluate the prevalence of C. jejuni in poultry carcasses on June of 2006 using the methodology of PCR in real time (PCR-rt). 205 samples of birds were analyzed coming from 19 process plants in Bogotà, D.C. A prevalence of 9.7% was obtained for Campylobacter spp. and 10%, for C. jejuni. A value of prevalence considered inferior to those reported in the world literature. It is recommended to continue in Bogotá the surveillance of this microorganism and to extend it to the rest of the country.