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Background: In comparison to multiple file systems, recent advancements in single file retreatment systems had reduced the working time and ease of operation for clinicians. Aim: To compare the efficacy of retreatment systems compared with hand instrumentation, by evaluating their removal efficacy, time required for retreatment and assessment of canal transportation. Methods and Material: Forty premolars were instrumented using ProTaper Gold gold files. Post instrumentation, scan was taken, obturated using warm vertical compaction technique, and stored in artificial saliva for three months and randomly divided into four groups for retreatment. Hand instrumentation (Hi), Neoniti (Nn), Mtwo R (Mt), WaveOne Gold (Wg). Post retreatment, scan was taken. Teeth were sectioned longitudinally and photographed under the stereomicroscope. Retreatment time was recorded, and canal transportation was calculated. Statistical Analysis: The results were analyzed using one?way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test at 95% confidence level. Results: The retreatment time was significantly longer in the Hi group. Within the test groups, a significantly longer time has been taken by Wg (p < 0.05) compared to Mt and Nn. There was no difference in the canal transportation between the single file systems at 3 mm, 6 mm and 9 mm from the apex, there was statistically significant higher transportation for the Hi group at 9 mm from the apex (p < 0.05). Conclusions: All techniques were effective in removal of filling material with minimal canal transportation. Wg system was shown to increased time compared to Nn and Mt systems. Hi group was slowest with maximum canal transportation at 9 mm from the apex.
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Objective: To compare root canal transportation and centering ability of TF Adaptive (TFA), Reciproc (R) and Pro Taper Next (PTN) . Methods: 30 single rooted premolars extracted from orthodontic treatment were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 10) and prepare by TFA, R and PTN Respectively. The teeth were scanned by Micro-CT before and after instrumentation. The images were reconstructed and exported to Adobe Photo-shop software for analysis. Canal transportation and centering change were determined accordingly. SPSS19. 0 software was used to analyze the data. Results: There was no statistical difference in canal transportation and centering ability for coronal and middle root canal among the 3 groups (P＞ 0. 05) ; for root apical, the canal transportation in group TFA was the smallest, followed by PTN group, that of group R was the largest (between each 2 groups, P ＜ 0. 05), the centering ability of TFA group was the best, followed PTN group, that of group R was the last (between each 2 groups, P ＜ 0. 05) . Conclusion:TFA Ni-Ti instrument is superior to Reciproc and Pro Taper Next for the maintenance of the original orientation of the root canal in root canal preparation.
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Objective: There is a high prevalence of root canal transportation in the teeth with the curve. Effect of root canal transportation on the success of root canal therapy of tooth is negative and there is no study about comparing RaCe and Neoniti files in root canal transportation. The aim of this study is assessment and comparing two different RaCe and Neoniti files to determine transportation error in various parts of root using CBCT assessment and comparing them with each other. Material and Methods: In this experimental study 50 extracted mandibular molar teeth selected. Teeth were divided randomly into two groups i.e. 25 teeth threated with RaCe file (first group) and 25 teeth threated with Neonitu files (second group). CBCT images were used to measurement thickness of dentine, before and after instrumentation that obtain from NNT viewer 6.1.0 software. Results: In the first group, the mean tooth transportation in 5 mm of apex was 0.15 and, in the second group, the mean tooth transportation in 5 mm of apex was 0.18 mm. There was no statistically significant difference in canal transportation between RaCe and Neoniti files in five millimeters distant from apex area (p = 0.492) and the mean transportation from 9 mm of apex were 0.14 in the second group. There was no statistically significant difference in canal transportation between two groups (p = 0.911). Conclusion: In comparison of these two rotary files, both are equally safe regarding the extent of apical transportation. (AU)
Objetivo: Existe uma alta prevalência de desvio apical em canais radiculares curvos. O efeito do desvio apical no canal radicular sobre o sucesso da terapia endodôntica é desfvorável e não há nenhum estudo comparando as limas RaCe e Neoniti em relação ao desvio apical dos canais radiculares durante o preparo. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar e comparar duas diferentes limas, RaCe e Neoniti, a fim de para determinar o erro de desvio em várias porções radiculares através de análise por TCCB e compará-los entre eles. Material e Métodos: Neste estudo experimental, 50 dentes molares mandibulares extraídos foram selecionados. Os dentes foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, ou seja, 25 dentes preparados com as limas RaCe (primeiro grupo) e 25 dentes preparados com limas Neoniti (segundo grupo). Neste estudo para medir a espessura da dentina através do escaneamento, antes e depois da instrumentação, ao mesmo tempo, usamos imagens axiais obtidas do software NNT viewer 6.1.0. Resultados: No primeiro grupo, o desvio apical médio a 5 mm do ápice foi de 0,15 e no segundo grupo o desvio apical médio a 5 mm do ápice foi de 0,18 mm, não havendo diferença estatisticamente significante entre as limas RaCe e Neoniti a cinco milímetros da porção apical (p = 0,492) e o transporte médio a 9 mm do ápice foi de 0,14 no segundo grupo não havendo diferença estatisticamente significante no desvio apical entre os dois grupos (p = 0,911). Conclusão: Os resultados indicaram que não houve diferença significativa no desvio apical médio entre dois sistemas de limas em 3, 9, 7, 5 e 11 mm do ápice e ambos as limas foram seguras (AU)
Subject(s)
Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Dental Pulp Cavity , MolarABSTRACT
Background: Cleaning and shaping the root canal is an important phase in endodontic therapy. A prepared root canal should have a shape that flares from apical to coronal regions, maintaining the apical foramen and not changing the original canal curvature. Aim: To compare canal transportation, canal centring ability and remaining dentin thickness, in curved root canals using Twisted Files, PathFiles-ProTaper System, RaCe files, WaveOne reciprocating files and hand NiTi K-files with Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Materials and methods: 125 canals with completely formed apices and angle of curvatures ranging from 10 degrees to 60 degrees were used. The teeth were divided in five experimental groups of 25 each. Instrumentation was performed in Group I with Twisted files, Group II with PathFile-ProTaper, Group III with Hand NiTi files, Group IV with RaCe files and Group V with WaveOne reciprocating files. CBCT images were obtained before and after instrumentation with Kodak CS9300 equipment Neerja Sharma, Shafia Sarfi, Avdesh Sharma, Mandeep S Grewal. Evaluation of canal preparation with rotary and hand Niti files in curved root canals using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: An In Vitro Study. IAIM, 2017; 4(7): 45-55. Page 46 (CS3D Imaging Software 3.1.9). The amount of canal transportation, centering ability and remaining dentin thickness was calculated at nine levels. Results were analysed using ANOVA test and Post-hoc Bonferroni Multiple Comparison test. Results: Statistically significant difference was noted among the groups at the middle and apical third level with WaveOne files showing the least and hand NiTi files showing the highest transportation. The mean centering ratio was statistically highest with WaveOne and smallest with hand NiTi files at the middle third level. At the apical level (p < 0.05) the mean remaining dentin thickness was highest with WaveOne and smallest with PathFile-ProTaper. Conclusion: WaveOne and Twisted files were similar in terms of canal transportation, centring ability and remaining dentin thickness. Hand NiTi files and Pathfile-ProTaper systems produced maximum amount of canal aberrations.
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OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of ProTaper Gold (PTG, Dentsply Maillefer) in maintaining the original profile of root canal anatomy. For that, ProTaper Universal (PTU, Dentsply Maillefer) was used as reference techniques for comparison. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty simulated curved canals manufactured in clear resin blocks were randomly assigned to 2 groups (n = 10) according to the system used for canal instrumentation: PTU and PTG groups, upto F2 files (25/0.08). Color stereomicroscopic images from each block were taken exactly at the same position before and after instrumentation. All image processing and data analysis were performed with an open source program (FIJI). Evaluation of canal transportation was obtained for two independent canal regions: straight and curved levels. Student's t test was used with a cut-off for significance set at alpha = 5%. RESULTS: Instrumentation systems significantly influenced canal transportation (p < 0.0001). A significant interaction between instrumentation system and root canal level (p < 0.0001) was found. PTU and PTG systems produced similar canal transportation at the straight part, while PTG system resulted in lower canal transportation than PTU system at the curved part. Canal transportation was higher at the curved canal portion (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: PTG system produced overall less canal transportation in the curved portion when compared to PTU system.
Subject(s)
Dental Pulp Cavity , Statistics as Topic , TransportationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of ProTaper Gold (PTG, Dentsply Maillefer) in maintaining the original profile of root canal anatomy. For that, ProTaper Universal (PTU, Dentsply Maillefer) was used as reference techniques for comparison. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty simulated curved canals manufactured in clear resin blocks were randomly assigned to 2 groups (n = 10) according to the system used for canal instrumentation: PTU and PTG groups, upto F2 files (25/0.08). Color stereomicroscopic images from each block were taken exactly at the same position before and after instrumentation. All image processing and data analysis were performed with an open source program (FIJI). Evaluation of canal transportation was obtained for two independent canal regions: straight and curved levels. Student's t test was used with a cut-off for significance set at alpha = 5%. RESULTS: Instrumentation systems significantly influenced canal transportation (p < 0.0001). A significant interaction between instrumentation system and root canal level (p < 0.0001) was found. PTU and PTG systems produced similar canal transportation at the straight part, while PTG system resulted in lower canal transportation than PTU system at the curved part. Canal transportation was higher at the curved canal portion (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: PTG system produced overall less canal transportation in the curved portion when compared to PTU system.
Subject(s)
Dental Pulp Cavity , Statistics as Topic , TransportationABSTRACT
This study used computed tomography (CT) to compare apical canal transportation in mesiobuccal canals of maxillary molars prepared with different techniques. Sixty teeth were assigned to 3 groups (n=20), according to the technique used for root canal instrumentation: hand instrumentation with K-Flexofiles, K-Flexofiles activated by an oscillatory system and ProTaper NiTi rotary system. Pre and post-instrumentation CT images were obtained 3 mm short of the apical foramen and were superimposed to compare canal transportation. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test using the SPSS software (α=0.05). In the buccal direction, the manual technique produced significantly less canal transportation than the oscillatory technique (p<0.05) and both were similar to the rotary technique (p>0.05). In the distal and distopalatal directions, the oscillatory technique produced more canal transportation (p<0.05). In the mesiopalatal direction, the oscillatory technique produced more canal transportation than the manual technique (p<0.05), and both were similar to the rotary technique (p>0.05). In conclusion, all techniques produced canal transportation, and the oscillatory technique produced the greatest removal of root dentin toward the innerside of the root curvature.
Este estudo utilizou a tomografia computadorizada (TC) para comparar o transporte do canal radicular nos canais mésio-vestibulares de molares superiores preparados por diferentes técnicas. Sessenta molares superiores foram divididos em 3 grupos (n=20) de acordo com a técnica utilizada para o preparo do canal radicular: instrumentação manual com limas K-Flexofile, limas K-Flexofile acopladas a um sistema oscilatório e sistema rotatório ProTaper. Imagens de TC pré e pós-instrumentação foram obtidas 3 mm aquém do forame apical e superpostas para comparar o transporte do canal. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pela Análise de Variância (ANOVA) e Teste de Tukey utilizando o software SPSS (α=0,05). Na direção vestibular, a técnica manual produziu significantemente menos transporte do canal radicular do que a técnica oscilatória (p<0,05) e ambas foram similares a técnica rotatória (p>0,05). Nas direções distal e disto-palatina, a técnica oscilatória produziu mais transporte do canal radicular (p<0,05). Na direção mésio-palatina, a técnica oscilatória produziu mais transporte do canal radicular do que a técnica manual (p<0,05), sendo que ambas foram similares à técnica rotatória (p>0,05). Em conclusão, todas as técnicas produziram transporte do canal radicular e a técnica oscilatória produziu os maiores desgastes de dentina na direção interna da curvatura.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Alloys , Dental Pulp Cavity , Multidetector Computed Tomography/methods , Root Canal Preparation/instrumentation , Stainless Steel , Anatomy, Cross-Sectional , Dental Alloys/chemistry , Dentin , Equipment Design , Edetic Acid/therapeutic use , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods , Molar , Nickel/chemistry , Oscillometry , Rotation , Root Canal Irrigants/therapeutic use , Sodium Hypochlorite/therapeutic use , Stainless Steel/chemistry , Titanium/chemistry , Tooth Apex , Tooth RootABSTRACT
This study investigated the occurrence of canal transportation in the apical third of simulated root canals instrumented with progressive and constant taper shaft designed rotary instruments. Thirty simulated resin canals were prepared with progressive taper (ProTaper Universal) and constant taper (Hero 642 and K3) Ni-Ti rotary systems, with 10 canals per group. The pre and post-instrumentation images of the canals were superimposed and the composite images were analyzed with Image Pro Plus 5.0 software. Centering ability of the instruments was assessed by subtracting the amount of resin removed at the inner wall from that removed at the outer wall. Total amount (in mm) of resin removed was recorded by adding the amount of resin removed at the inner and outer walls, comparing the pre and post-preparation images. Data were analyzed statistically by Kruskal Wallis and Median tests (α=5%). There was statistically significant difference (p<0.05) among the groups. ProTaper produced the greatest canal transportation in the apical third. In conclusion, canal transportation occurred in all groups; the constant taper rotary instruments (Hero 642 and K3) presented greater centering ability towards the original canal curve and caused less canal transportation than the progressive taper instruments (ProTaper).
Este estudo investigou a ocorrência do transporte do canal no terço apical de canais simulados preparados com instrumentos rotatórios de conicidade progressiva e constante. Trinta canais simulados em blocos de resina foram preparados com sistemas rotatórios de Ni-Ti de conicidade progressiva (ProTaper Universal) e de conicidade constante (Hero 642 e K3), com 10 canais simulados por grupo. As imagens pré e pós-operatórias dos canais foram superpostas e analisadas com o Programa Image Pro Plus 5.0. A capacidade de manter a centralização do canal foi avaliada pela subtração da quantidade de resina removida da parede interna daquela removida na parede externa. A quantidade total de resina (em mm) removida foi obtida por meio da soma da resina removida das paredes internas e externas do canal, comparando as imagens pré e pós-operatórias. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste de Kruskal Wallis e Teste das medianas (α=5%). Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0.05) entre os grupos. O Sistema ProTaper produziu o maior transporte do canal no terço apical. Em conclusão, o transporte do canal ocorreu em todos os grupos; os intrumentos rotatórios de conicidade constante (Hero 642 e k3) apresentaram uma grande capacidade de manter o canal centrado e causaram menos transporte do canal do que os instrumentos de conicidade progressiva (ProTaper).
Subject(s)
Dental Instruments , Nickel , Root Canal Preparation/methods , Titanium , Root Canal Therapy/instrumentation , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the wear in the apical third of simulate canals after preparation with ProTaper Universal Rotary System. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 24 sets of instruments were used in 24 simulated canals in transparent epoxy resin blocks with degree of curvature of either 20°or 40°. The canals were photographed preoperatively and after preparation of the apical stop with ProTaper F3, F4 and F5 instruments. The initial and final images were exported to Adobe Photoshop® software and superimposed to detect the root canal wall differences (in mm) between them, in two points located 1 (A) and 5 (B) mm from the point where the working length was established. Data were subjected to analysis of variance to verify the existence of interaction among the factors: canal curvature, instrument size and curve location. Significant level was set at 5 percent. RESULTS: Regardless of the location and the canal curvature, F4 and F5 instruments produced the greatest wear (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There was a deviation from the original pathway towards the outside of the root curvature in both analyzed points. All instruments produced canal transportation, but the F4 and F5 instruments produced more than the other instruments, and should thus be used with care in curved canals.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Pulp Cavity/anatomy & histology , Root Canal Preparation/instrumentation , Tooth Apex/anatomy & histology , Dental Alloys , Detergents/therapeutic use , Epoxy Resins , Equipment Design , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Models, Anatomic , Root Canal Irrigants/therapeutic use , Root Canal Preparation/methods , Software , Stainless Steel , Surface Properties , Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/therapeutic useABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to investigate influence of each file step of ProTaper(R) system on canal transportation. Twenty simulated canals were prepared with either engine-driven ProTaper(R) or manual ProTaper(R). Group R-resin blocks were instrumented with rotary ProTaper(R) and group M-resin blocks were instrumented with manual ProTaper(R). Pre-operative resin blocks and post-operative resin blocks after each file step preparation were scanned. Original canal image and the image after using each file step were superimposed for calculation of centering ratio. The image after using each file step and image after using previous file step were superimposed for calculation of the amount of deviation. Measurements were taken horizontally at five different levels (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm) from the level of apical foramen. In rotary ProTaper(R) instrumentation group, centering ratio and the amount of deviation of each step at all levels were not significantly different (p > 0.05). In manual ProTaper(R) instrumentation group, centering ratio and the amount of deviation of each step at all levels except of 1 mm were not significantly different (p > 0.05). At the level of 1 mm, F2 file step had significantly large centering ratio and the amount of deviation (p < 0.05). Under the condition of this study, F2 file step of manual ProTaper(R) tended to transport the apical part of the canals than that of rotary ProTaper(R).