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AIM: To investigate the application of biological amniotic membrane soaked in pirfenidone(PFD)and to evaluate its anti-scarring effect and toxic side effects on glaucoma model of rabbit eyes.METHODS: The right eyes of 72 healthy New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 0.5%PFD+ biological amniotic membrane group, biological amniotic membrane group, mitomycin C(MMC)group and blank control group after the glaucoma model was established by anterior chamber injection of compound carbomer solution, and 18 rabbits in each group underwent trabeculectomy, in which the 0.5% PFD+ biological amniotic membrane group was placed with 0.5% PFD solution-soaked biological amniotic membrane under the scleral flap, and the biological amniotic membrane group was placed with normal saline-soaked rehydrated biological amniotic membrane under the scleral flap. In the MMC group, a cotton pad soaked in MMC was placed under the scleral flap for 3 min and immediately rinsed with normal saline, while the blank control group received no implant after the scleral flap was made. The intraocular pressure(IOP), filtration blebs, toxic side effects and complications were evaluated, and the histopathological changes in the filtration area were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE), Masson staining and immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS: The mean IOP at 14, 21 and 28 d after trabeculectomy were 0.5%PFD+ biological amniotic membrane group<MMC group<biological amniotic membrane group<blank control group(all P<0.05). At 28 d after trabeculectomy, 0.5%PFD+ biological amniotic membrane group had the best effect of anti-inflammatory hyperplasia and inhibition of collagen formation, the highest survival rate of filtration blebs, and the inflammatory reaction was mild.CONCLUSION: Biological amniotic membrane soaked in pirfenidone has more obvious anti-scarring effect on glaucoma model, with less toxic side effects and good safety.
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OBJECTIVE: To optimize the formulation of citalopram hydrobromide (CTH ) thermosensitive nasal gel and further evaluate its in vitro properties. METHODS: With gelling temperature and gelling time as evaluating indexes, central composite design-response surface and single factor experimental design method were used to optimize the formulation of CTH thermosensitive nasal gel by using poloxamer 407(F127) and carbomer 940 (CP940) as gel materials. Meanwhile, nasal mucosa permeation enhancer for CTH was then sieved by using Franz diffusion cell and ex vivo sheep nasal mucosa as experimental model. Finally, CTH thermosensitive nasal gel was prepared with cold method and then its in vitro properties was evaluated. In vitro cumulative erosion and cumulative release rate of the drug thermosensitive nasal gel were investigated by membrane-free dissolution method and dialysis membrane method, respectively. Moreover, the effect of temperature and pH on the viscosity of the drug nasal gel formulation was also evaluated. RESULTS: The optimal formulation of the thermosensitive nasal gel consisted of CTH 8.0%, F127 20.27%, CP940 0.17%, DM-β-CD 3.0%, ethylparaben 0.05% and distilled water. The gelling temperature, gelling time and pH of the drug thermosensitive nasal gel were found to be about 32.5 ℃,42 s and 5.0, respectively. The in vitro cumulative erosion and cumulative release percentage were both greater than 90% in 55 min and furthermore there was good linear correlation between these two parameters (r=0.998 6). Additionally, in vitro cumulative release of the drug from the gel formulation was determined to be 92% within 8 h, which conformed to Higuchi kinetic equation. Furthermore, the viscosity of the drug nasal gel was influenced by temperature as well as pH in different extent. CONCLUSION: The optimized formulation of the CTH thermosensitive nasal gel with central composite design-response surface method and single factor design method shows suitable gelling temperature, gelling time, pH value for nasal preparation and obvious in vitro drug sustained release characteristics.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the microleakage patterns of GIC and GGC with and without their protective surface coatings on enamel and dentin margins before and after aging. Material and Methods: Two rectangular cavities (height: 2 mm; width: 3 mm; depth: 1.5 mm) were prepared on each tooth at the cemento-enamel junction were prepared on human permanent molars (N=56) and the teeth were randomly assigned to be restored with one of the following: a) high viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) (EQUIA Fil, C Corp., Tokyo, Japan) (n=28), b) glasscarbomer cement (GCC) (Glass Carbomer Products, Leiden, The Netherlands) (n=28). Half of the teeth were further divided into two groups where one group received protective surface coating (SC) (G-Coat Plus, GC Corp) (n=14) and the other group did not (n=14). Half of the teeth were stored for 24 hours (n=7), and the other half was thermocycled (5000 cycles, 5-55°C) (n=7). For microleakage analysis, the teeth were immersed in 5% methylene blue dye for 24 hours, sectioned into two equal halves. Microleakage patterns were evaluated using stereomicroscope and scored on a scale of 0-3 (0: No dye penetration, 1: Dye penetration less than half of the axial wall, 2: Dye penetration more than half the axial wall, 3: Dye penetration spreading along the axial wall). Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis tests at the significance level of 0.05. Results: Compared to 24 h storage, after thermocycling, surface coating on GIC decreased microleakage significantly compared to GCC (p=0.046) but not for GCC. In the thermocycled groups, coated GIC showed significantly less leakage at the enamel margin but no significant difference was found with both GIC and GCC in the dentin margins. Conclusion: The application of surface coating significantly reduced the microleakage scores of GIC but not GCC, within the enamel margins only. (AU)
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os padrões de microinfiltração de GIC e GGC com e sem seus revestimentos protetores superficiais nas margens de esmalte e dentina antes e após o envelhecimento. Material e Métodos: duas cavidades retangulares (altura: 2 mm; largura: 3 mm; profundidade: 1,5 mm) foram preparadas em cada dente na junção cemento-esmalte de molares permanentes humanos (N = 56), sendo aleatoriamente designados para serem restaurados com um dos seguintes: a) cimento de ionômero de vidro (GIC) de alta viscosidade (EQUIA Fil, C Corp., Tóquio, Japão) (n = 28), b) cimento de vidrocarbômero (GCC) Carbomer Products, Leiden, Holanda) (n = 28). Metade dos dentes foram divididos em dois grupos, onde um grupo recebeu revestimento protetor de superfície (SC) (G-Coat Plus, GC Corp) (n = 14) e o outro grupo não (n = 14). Metade dos dentes foram armazenados por 24 horas (n = 7), e a outra metade foi termociclada (5000 ciclos, 5-55 ° C) (n = 7). Para análise de microinfiltração, os dentes foram imersos em corante azul de metileno a 5% por 24 horas, seccionados em duas metades iguais. Os padrões de microinfiltração foram avaliados usando estereomicroscópio e pontuados numa escala de 0-3 (0: Sem penetração de corante; 1: penetração de corante inferior à metade da parede axial; 2: penetração de corante mais do que metade da parede axial; 3: penetração de corante ao longo da parede axial). Os dados foram analisados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis ao nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: em comparação com o armazenamento de 24 h, após a termociclagem, o revestimento de superfície no GIC diminuiu significativamente a microinfiltração em comparação com o GCC (p = 0,046), mas não para o GCC. Nos grupos termociclados, o GIC revestido apresentou significativamente menos infiltração na margem do esmalte, mas não houve diferença significativa para o GIC e o GCC nas margens dentinárias. Conclusão: A aplicação do revestimento de superfície reduziu significativamente os escores de microinfiltração do GIC, mas não do GCC, apenas nas margens do esmalte. (AU)
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Dental Enamel , Dental Leakage , Dentin , Glass Ionomer CementsABSTRACT
Aim To study the therapeutic effect of re-combinant human acidic fibroblast growth factor (rh-aFGF) carbomer 940 gel in the treatment of skin wound healing in type I diabetic rats. Methods Two types of skin trauma models, namely, full-thickness wound and scalded wound,were established in a model of type I diabetes mellitus using STZ-induced SD rats. The rats were divided into control group, vehicle group,90 AU rh-aFGF gel group and 270 AU rh-aFGF gel group in each skin wound models. The wound area and wound healing rate were used to evaluate the thera-peutic effect. The growth of fibroblasts, fibrocytes, collagen fibers and vessel capillaries in the wound was observed using HE staining and analysed by semi-quantitative score. Results The rh-aFGF carbomer gel significantly reduced the traumatic area as well as promoted the wound healing rate of the skin trauma model of SD rats of type I diabetes mellitus (P <0.05). HE staining showed that rh-aFGF carbomer gel significantly promoted the pathological score of fibro-blasts and collagen fibers(P<0.05). Conclusions rh-aFGF carbomer gel might play a protective role in micro-environment of wound and rh-aFGF, which could benefit for proliferation of fibroblasts and colla-gen, therefore promoting the healing process of skin wound in SD rats with type I diabetes mellitus, and it might be expected to be a new preparation for the treat-ment of chronic trauma in diabetes mellitus.
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AIM: To provide the morphological evidence for the compound carbomer building high intraocular pressure model successfully.? METHODS: Totally 50 SD rats were divided into experimental group 40 rats, blank group 10 rats by random number method. The rats in experimental group were randomly divided into 3 groups after the model was successful. Experimental model of high intraocular pressure was sacrificed at 1, 2 and 3wk to observe its pathological structure change and ultrastructure change.? RESULTS: The high intraocular pressure of experimental model in 1, 2 and 3wk all showed the optic nerve and retinal damage. It was to see the optic nerve axon disappear, disorder arrangement of myelin sheath, periodic dissolve or demyelinating degeneration, glial cell proliferation. It showed the cells disordered arrangement of retina, the outer nuclear layer became thick, the inner and outer plexiform layer become thick, the kernel layer became thick, air bubbles, the numbers of ganglion cells reduced, ganglion cells and nerve fiber layer edema, microglia proliferation, vascular membrane capillaries expansion, inflammatory cells appearing. It was to see the retinal ganglion cells layer with microglia proliferation under the electron microscope, ganglion cells structure fuzzy, organelles structures disappear, cell apoptosis, mitochondrial swelling, cytoplasm vacuoles degeneration, membrane plate of outer segment fracture or dissolved. And the damage degree was proportional to the forming time of high intraocular pressure.? CONCLUSION: The morphology change of high intraocular pressure model about the retin and optic nerve proves that it is successful building the model through anterior chamber injection of compound carbomer solution.
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Objective To observe the efficacy of carbomer eye gel combined with hydroxycitron eye drops in the treatment of dry eye.Methods214 cases with xerophalmi in Yongkang first people's hospital were divided into the CT group and the CL group according to the admission of odd and even numbers.The CL group were given carbomer eye gel, and the CT group were given carbomer eye gel combined with hydroxycitron eye drops.The effect, 3 index of tear film stability and quality of life were evaluated in the two groups.ResultsThe effect in the CT group was significantly higher than that in the CI group (P<0.05).Tear break-up time(BUT) and schirmer test(SIT) in the CT group were significantly better than those in the CL group(P<0.05), Fluorescent Stain Test (FLT) in the CT group was lower than that in the CL group.After treatment, at the seventh day, the fourteenth day, the twenty-eighth day, the quality of life in the CT group was significantly higher than that in the CL group.ConclusionIt can significantly relieve the clinical symptoms which carbomer eye gel combined with Hypoglycemic eye drops Dextran 70 and Glycerol Eye Drop on the treatment of xerophthalmia, and it is worthy of promotion.
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AIM: To analyzed the effect of keratoconjunctivitis sicca treated by different medicines after phacoemulsification in patients with diabetes.METHODS: Totally 78 diabetic patients 78 eyes with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) after phacoemulsification from March 2015 to March 2016 were selected and divided into two groups using random number table.In Group A, 39 eyes were treated with pranoprofen eye drops + artificial tears + Qiming granules.In Group B, 39 eyes were treated with pranoprofen eye drops + artificial tears.the two groups were observed for clinical symptoms, tear film break up time(BUT), corneal fluorescein staining and adverse reaction and so on before and after treatment.RESULTS: Total effective rate of Group A was 97%, significantly higher than that of Group B (64%)(P<0.05).After treatment, symptoms and signs scores of the two groups were significantly lower, BUT were significantly prolonged.At 1, 2wk and 1mo after treatment, symptoms and signs scores of Group A were significantly lower the BUT was longer than those of Group B (P<0.05).Corneal fluorescein staining of Group A at 2wk was lower than that of Group B (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The combined therapy, pranoprofen eye drops + artificial tears + Qiming granules, is able to quickly and effectively improve the clinical symptoms and signs, with no serious adverse reactions for keratoconjunctivitis sicca after phacoemulsification in patients with diabetes.
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AIM: To investigate the clinical effect of carbomer eye gel combined with polyethylene glycol eye drops on the treatment of dry eye. ·METHODS:Totally 120 dry eye patients(240 eyes) were randomly divided into the observation group ( n = 60 cases) and the control group ( n=60 cases) . Two groups were given the polyethylene glycol eye drops. On the basis of this, the observation group were given the carbomer eye gel. The course of treatment was 1mo. The levels of IL-1β and TNF-α, eye symptom score [ ocular surface disease index ( OSDI ) , break-up time ( BUT ) , Schirmer Ⅰ test ( SⅠt ) , corneal fluorescein staining ( FL) ] , efficacy and adverse reactions in two groups were compared. ·RESULTS: After treatment, the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α, OSDI and FL in two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment and BUT and SⅠT were significantly higher than those before treatment, showing statistically significant differences ( P< 0. 05 ). Moreover, the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α, OSDI, BUT, SⅠT, FL in the observation group were improved better than those in the control group ( P<0. 05 ). The total effective rate of the control group was significantly lower than that of the observation group, indicating statistically significant difference (x2=5. 065, P=0. 024). There were no ocular symptoms and drug intolerance in two groups. · CONCLUSION: Carbomer eye gel combined with polyethylene glycol eye drops has obvious curative effect on dry eye, which is better than that treated by polyethylene glycol eye drops, and this combination does not increase the adverse reactions.
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OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy and safety of Sodium hyaluronate versus Carbomer,Polyethylene glycol,To-bramycin and Dexamethasone in the treatment of glaucoma with cataract. METHODS:464 glaucoma patients with cataract were randomly divided into group A(116 cases),group B(116 cases),group C(116 cases)and group D(116 cases). All patients re-ceived intraocular lens implantation;1-1.5 cm to Tramycin and Dexamethasone eye ointment,3-5 times a day. Based on it,group A received 1-2 Sodium hyaluronate eye drops,4 times a day. Group B received 1 Carbomer eye drop,3-5 times a day. Group C re-ceived 1-2 Polyethylene glycol eye drops,3-5 times a day. Group D received Tobramycin and dexamethasone eye ointment,1-1.5 cm every times,1-3 times a day. They treated for 1 month. Clinical efficacy,recovery of visual acuity and ocular surface functions [dry eye symptom score,tear film break-up time(BUT),corneal fluorescein staining(CFS),basal tear secretion(SIt),ocular sur-face disease index(OSDI)] and the incidence of adverse reactions in all groups were observed. RESULTS:The total effective rate sorted,patients with visual acuity higher than 0.6,BUT,OSDI by group A>group B>group C>group D,with significant differenc-es (P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Sodium hyaluronate shows superior efficacy and safety to Carbomer,Polyethylene glycol,Tobramycin and Dexamethasone in the treatment of glaucoma with cataract,it can significantly improve visual acuity and ocular surface function.
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Objective To prepare butenafine hydrochloride plastics,investigate the prescription composition and make a quality control standard for the preparation.Methods Film-forming time and appearance quality as the evaluation index,the quality control standard of butenafine hydrochloride according to the Chinese pharmacopoeia two section ( 2010 edition ) was made.ResuIts The prescription of butenafine hydrochloride plastics was identified as:1%butenafine hydrochloride(w/w),10%glycerol(w/w),3%carbomer 971PNF(w/w),0.1% ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate(w/w),moderate anhydrous sodium sulfite(pH adjusting agent) and 95% ethanol (solution).The preparation was colorless,transparent and viscous semi-solid with pH4.5.A content determination method of butenafine hydrochloride with HPLC was established and the result was stable and reliable .ConcIusion The butenafine hydrochloride has several advantages such as preparation simply , stable property,application convenience and quality control.It is a potential preparation to develop.
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Objective:To establish a method to determine the content of lidocaine hydrochloride in buccal adhesive tablets contai-ning carbomer as an excipient by HPLC. Methods:Calcium chloride was used to precipitate carbomer in buccal adhesive tablets. The HPLC analysis was performed on a Welch C18 column(250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm)with the column temperature of 40℃. The mobile phase was the mixture of 0. 05% sodium acetate solution(added 50 ml acetic acid into 930 ml distilled water,adjusting pH to 3. 40 with 1 ml·min-1 sodium hydroxide solution)and acetonitrile(70:30). The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 ,the detection wavelength was at 254 nm and the injection volume was 20 μl. Results:Within the range of 0. 10-2. 00 mg·ml-1 ,there was a good linear rela-tionship between the concentration and the peak area of lidocaine hydrochloride(r=0. 999 9). The average recovery was 100. 2%( RSD=1. 4%,n=9). Conclusion:The established method is simple,accurate and reproducible,which can be applied to determine the content of lidocaine hydrochloride in buccal adhesive tablets.
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To investigate the effect of Carbomer eye gel and recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) on dry eye after cataract surgery in diabetics. ●METHODS: A total of 160 patients ( 160 eyes ) with diabetes undergone phacoemulsification with a diagnosis of dry eyes were randomized divided into two groups, treatment group (80 cases, 80 eyes) and control group (80 cases, 80 eyes). ln treatment group, the patients were treated by Carbomer eye gel and rhEGF. ln control group, the patients were treated by Carbomer eye gel. The subjective dry eye symptoms, tear break - up time (BUT), Schirmer l test ( S Ⅰ t) and cornea fluorescein staining ( FL) were observed before treatment, 1, 4wk after treatment. ●RESULTS: There was no significant difference between groups before treatment (P> 0. 05). After treatment at 1, 4wk, the subjective dry eye symptoms and the results of three examination ( BUT, S Ⅰ t and FL) in two groups better than those before treatment ( P ●CONCLUSlON: Carbomer eye gel can relieve the dry eye symptoms of diabetes after phacoemulsification effectively, and it can be more effective to combine Carbomer eye gel with rhEGF at early stage after phacoemulsification.
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OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively evaluate bioadhesive properties these materials by testing adhesion properties in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Mucin from porcine stomach model, homemade adhesion measuring device and intestinal propulsion were used for in vitro and in vivo evaluation adhesive materials. RESULTS: Carbomer 934P and HPMCK100M with high viscosity had optimal adhesion in their class, besides chitosan can be specifically bound by mucin from porcine stomach and it performed better than other materials in vivo adhesion. CONCLUSION: Above researches indicate that the bioadhesive properties had a positive correlation with viscosity in the same type material, and the relative molecular mass the materials, moisture absorption capacity, specific binding mucin and other factors should be considered in different types materials in the comprehensive evaluation.
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Summary: The present study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of a 0.4% carbomer gel and 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) containing artificial tears in treatment of dry eye patients. Sixty subjects with mean age of 45.89 years who had symptoms and signs of dry eye were enrolled in this prospective, investigator-masked and stratified random sampling study. The subjects were divided into two parallel groups with 30 subjects (60 eyes) in each group. One group received carbomer gel,and the other group received 1% CMC containing artificial tears. Subjects received the drops 3 to 4 times or more per day for 3 months. At the first visit time, the precorneal residence time of these two drops was measured. The efficacy was assessed by comparing the subjective symptoms (ocular dryness, foreign body sensation, burning sensation and pain), and the objective test results of tears breakup time, Schirmer's test and corneal fluorescein staining prior to the study and after the treatment. As a result, the ocular residence time of carbomer gel was significantly longer than that of 1% CMC (P<0.001). Most of the primary subjective symptoms and objective test results were improved after treatment in both carbomer gel group and 1% CMC group. As to the improvement of each symptom and objective test result, carbomer gel was more effective than 1% CMC group (P<0.01). In conclusion, carbomer gel had longer precomeal residence time and was more effective than 1% CMC in the treatment of patients with dry eyes.
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OBJECTIVE:To optimize base material compositions and preparation technology for compound ciprofloxacin gel.METHODS:4factors,ciprofloxacin,carbomer-940,glycerine,triethanolamine(in formula dosages)were selected as variable factors,the stability of the preparation was taken as the index for investigation and table L 9 (3 4 )was used to conduct the orthogonal experiment.RESULTS:The optimum base material composition and technology were the following,ciprofloxacin0.3%,carbomer-9401%,glycerine7.5%,triethanolamine2%.CONCLUSION:The compound ciprofloxacin gel prepared based on the optimized technology is in conformity with the specification stated in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2000).