Exposure risk to carbonyl compounds and furfuryl alcohol through the consumption of sparkling wines / Risco da exposição a compostos carbonílicos e álcool furfurílico através do consumo de espumantes

ABSTRACT: The goals of this study were to verify the occurrence of furfuryl alcohol (FA) and carbonyl compounds (acetaldehyde, acrolein, ethyl carbamate (EC), formaldehyde and furfural) in sparkling wines and to evaluate, for the first time, whether the consumption of the samples under study could represent risk to consumers health. These compounds are electrophilic; and therefore, may covalently bind to DNA, which may result in mutagenicity. EC and formaldehyde were present at low levels (<1μg L-1) in all samples. Acetaldehyde, furfural and acrolein were also found in low levels (<1.5, 1.4 and 1.0μg L-1, respectively) in 57, 71 and 76% of samples. In the other samples, levels of acetaldehyde, furfural and acrolein ranged from 5.2 to 54.8, 10.5 to 41.0 and 20.3 to 36.7μg L-1, respectively. Furfuryl alcohol was also reported in all samples in levels from 10.4 to 33.5μg L-1. Acrolein was the only compound reported at levels sufficient to represent risk to health, which occurred in 24% of the samples. A study focused on the origin of acrolein deserves attention, investigating the influence of the concentration of precursors and the role of fermentation in the formation of this aldehyde, besides the evaluation of possible environmental contamination of grapes during cultivation.

RESUMO: Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar a ocorrência de álcool furfurílico (FA) e compostos carbonílicos (acetaldeído, acroleína, carbamato de etila (CE), formaldeído e furfural) em espumantes e avaliar, pela primeira vez, se o consumo das amostras em estudo poderia representar risco para a saúde do consumidor. Esses compostos são eletrofílicos e, portanto, podem se ligar covalentemente ao DNA, o que pode resultar em mutagenicidade. CE e formaldeído foram encontrados em baixos níveis (<1μg/L) em todas as amostras. Acetaldeído, furfural e acroleína também foram encontrados em baixos níveis (<1,5; 1,4 e 1,0μg L-1, respectivamente) em 57, 71 e 76% das amostras. Nas demais amostras, os níveis de acetaldeído, furfural e acroleína variaram de 5,2 a 54,8, 10,5 a 41,0 e 20,3 a 36,7μg L-1, respectivamente. O álcool furfurílico também foi encontrado em todas as amostras em níveis de 10,4 a 33,5μg L-1. A acroleína foi o único composto encontrado em níveis suficientes para representar risco à saúde, que ocorreu em 24% das amostras. Uma avaliação focada na origem da acroleína merece atenção, investigando a influência da concentração dos precursores e o papel da fermentação na formação do aldeído, além da avaliação da possível contaminação ambiental das uvas durante o cultivo.

Novel Eco-Friendly Approaches for the Reduction of Selected Carbonyl Compounds.

This paper reports reduction of (-)-verbenone, 1,3-indanedione, 3-indolyl methyl ketone and 2- furyl methyl ketoneinvolving two green and environment friendly methods viz. biotransformation using Baker’s yeast as microbial catalyst in free as well as immobilized form and electrochemical method. Microbial transformation was carried out in water – isopropanol mixture (4:1) for selected substrates. The electrochemical reduction of these substrates was also carried out at constant current by using Stainless Steel Electrode (SS- 316). The reduction products were isolated and purified by chromatographic techniques and characterized on the basisof spectral analysis.

Simultaneous Determination of Low-molecular-weight Carbonyl Compounds in Oil-containing Herbs by HPLC Coupled with Pro-column Derivatization / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To establish an HPLC method for determination of low-molecular-weight carbonyl compounds in the oil-containing herbs. Methods After carbonyl compounds in the samples were extracted with water, the solution reacted with 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) in an acidic medium to form 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives, which were separated on Kromasil KR100-5 C18 column (250 mm× 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase A was water-acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran-isopropanol (59∶30∶10∶1), mobile phase B was water-acetonitrile (35∶65), gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min, detection wavelength was 365 nm, and column temperature was 30 ℃. Results Good linearities were obtained in corresponding concentration ranges, with correlation coefficient over 0.999. The limits of detection of the eight DNPH derivatives were 0.002-0.008 μg/mL, and the average recoveries were 88.49%-93.65%. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate and reliable, with good reproducibility.

Determination of Twelve Kinds of Carbonyl Compounds in Water by High Performance Liquid Chromatography / 环境与健康杂志

0.992 7. The recovery rates were 80.0%-107% and the RSDs were between 0.16%-1.69%. Conclusion This method is simple, rapid, sensitive, accurate and is applicable to the simultaneous determination of carbonyl compounds in water.

UP-REGULATION OF EXPRESSION OF ADHESION MOLECULE ON THE SURFACE OF HUMAN VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS BY REACTIVE CARBONYL COMPOUNDS / 解放军医学杂志

To elucidate the role of reactive carbonyl compounds in the pathogenesis of vascular complication in patients with chronic renal failure or diabetes. Vascular endothelial cells (VECs) were isolated from human umbilical vein and cultured with 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) or methylglyoxal(MGO) in vitro. Expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on the surface of VECs was detected by flow cytometer. The results showed that up-regulation of expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 was observed when either 3-DG or MGO was added into the cultures, which was inhibited by a carbonyl compounds scavanger, aminoguanidine. These data suggested that accumulation of reactive carbonyl compounds in patients with chronic renal failure or diabetes might be involved in the mechanism of arteriosclerosis.