Progress in the environmental risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in Xuanwei city, China / 肿瘤

The morbidity and mortality rates of lung cancer in Xuanwei city, Yunnan province, China are the highest in the global scope. Since 1980s, the studies conducted in this region supported by international health organizations have been focused on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and molecular biology of Xuanwei lung cancer. With the development of molecular detection techniques and the application of next-generation sequencing technique, great progress has been achieved in understanding the environmental risk factors which cause this disease and the improvement of diagnostic methods and therapeutic measures in Xuanwei city. This review surveys the recent development in research of lung cancer in this area from the perspectives of environmental risks, mutation and expression of cancer-related genes, and the diagnosis and drug treatment. Moreover, the positive role of next-generation sequencing technique in diagnosis and treatment of Xuanwei lung cancer will be discussed.

Radiação ultravioleta e carcinogênese / Ultraviolet radiation and carcinogenesis

A radiação solar é inegavelmente o principal fator de risco para o aparecimento de câncer de pele, e os indivíduos de pele branca são mais predispostos ao desenvolvimento destas neoplasias. Exposição solar persistente é o fator ambiental que mais contribui para a ocorrência de alterações clínicas e histológicas na epiderme. A pele, quando exposta cronicamente à irradiação solar, sofre transformações que levam ao surgimento de rugas, aspereza, ressecamento, teleangectasias, pigmentação irregular e uma variedade de lesões que podem ser benignas, pré-malignas ou malignas. O processo da carcinogênese é composto por múltiplos fatores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi revisar estes fatores e reforçar a importância da prevenção do câncer de pele com o usode bloqueadores solares e a não exposição prolongada aos raios ultravioleta

The basic causative factor of skin cancer is sunlight and fair-skinned people are more prone to develop this neoplasm. Repeated solar exposure is the major environmental insult that contributes to clinical and histological epidermal changes. Chronic exposure to sunlight results in skin damages with the onset of wrinkles, harshness, dryness, telangiectases, irregular pigmentation and a variety of lesions that can be benign, precancerous or malignant. The carcinogenic process consists of multiple factors. The purpose of this paper was to review these factors and reinforce the importance of preventing skin cancer by using sunscreens and avoiding prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light

Changing status of genitourinary cancer in recent 50 years / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective As economy in China growing fast, it will in turn bring changes on the status of genitourinary cancer inpatients. Methods A survey has been made of urological inpatients from January 1951 to December 2000 in the Institute of Urology of Peking University to find the changing status of genitourinary cancer in the recent 50 years. Results From January 1951 to December 2000, there were 28 521 urological inpatients. The cancer patient in the first and second 25 years constituted 19.5% and 28.2% respectively. Since 1970s renal cancer and prostate cancer increased dramatically from 10.4% to 28.7% and 3.3% to 13.4% respectively. Conclusions The introduction of new diagnostic techniques, the expansion of the aged population and a high fat diet are considered to be responsible for this change.