Morfologia do coração e dos vasos da base do pinguim-de-magalhães (Spheniscus magellanicus) / Morphology of heart and vessels of the cardiac base in Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus)

O pinguim-de-magalhães é uma ave marinha de porte médio, de origem do hemisfério sul, com grandes colônias próximas à Patagônia. Em certas épocas do ano, alguns exemplares aparecem no litoral brasileiro, devido ao desvio de rotas de caça, e alguns indivíduos não conseguem retornar por debilidades na saúde. Foram utilizados 34 exemplares de Spheniscus magellanicus que vieram a óbito no litoral do estado de Espírito Santo. O presente estudo analisou a morfologia de câmaras e paredes cardíacas, valvas e artérias da base. Os fragmentos dessas regiões foram analisados histologicamente com coloração hematoxilina-eosina (HE) e Tricrômico de Gomori (TG), além da coloração Picrosirius Red (PSR) sob luz polarizada, visando observar, principalmente, a composição do tipo de colágeno existente em cada região descrita. Entre os 34 exemplares, nenhum apresentou discrepância em relação a sua morfologia. A tipificação do colágeno dessas regiões pelas colorações TG e PSR sob luz polarizada demonstrou a presença do colágeno tipo I em maior evidência que o tipo III, encontrada na maioria das estruturas, o que atribuiu a aparência avermelhada intensa a quase todas elas. Pode-se concluir que a anatomia cardíaca do pinguim-de-magalhães é semelhante à de outras aves, com predominância do colágeno do tipo I.(AU)

Magellanic penguin is medium-sized seabird originated from southern hemisphere with colonies near Patagonia. At certain times of the year in Brazilian coast, a few penguins lose their hunting routes and can´t return because they are very sick. Thirty-four penguins died in Espírito Santo´s coast. This study analyzed the cardiac morphology and morph metric of heart chambers and walls, valves, and arteries of the cardiac base. These parts were analysed and stained by Hematoxilin and eosin and Gomori´s trichrome. Mainly targeting the collagen´s composition in each described part the Picru-sirius Red´s stain under polarized light was used. Among thirty-four penguin hearts, none presented discrepancy in morphology, they were all very similar. The characterization of collagen by Picrusirius Red stain highlighted type 1 collagen in comparison to type 3 collagen in most structures, giving a more reddish appearance in almost of them. In conclusion, the cardiac anatomy of the Magellanic Penguin is similar to that of other birds, with a predominance of type I collagen.(AU)

Moderate physical training counterbalances harmful effects of low-protein diet on heart: metabolic, oxidative and morphological parameters

Aims: Maternal low-protein diet induces several impairments on cardiac system. Conversely, moderate exercise has been widely recommended to health improvement due to its effects on heart function. Thus, we investigated whether the moderate physical training is capable to offset the lasting injuries of a maternal protein restriction on the hearts of male adult rats. Methods: Pregnant rats were divided into two groups: Control (C=17% casein) and undernutrition (U=8% casein). Offspring from the undernutrition group, at 60 days of life, were subdivided into undernutrition (U) and undernutrition+exercise (UT) groups. Treadmill exercise was performed: (8 weeks, 5 days/week, 60 min/day at 70% of VO2máx). 48 hours after last exercise session, tissues were collected for morphological and biochemical analysis. Results Despite the deleterious effect induced by low-protein diet, physical training was able to restore morphological parameters to similar levels to the control group. Additionally, oxidative stress index was also improved in UT group, due to the increase in antioxidant enzymatic defense. In metabolic enzymes, maternal low-protein diet induced a change in metabolism, and moderate physical training improved oxidative metabolism. Conclusion: We demonstrated that moderate physical training can offset the cardiac metabolism in adult rats that were exposed to a maternal low-protein diet.(AU)

Morfologia, topografia e irrigação do coração do Tamandua tetradactyla / Morphology, topography and irrigation of the heart of Tamandua tetradactyla

O Tamandua tetradactyla é uma espécie da ordem Xenarthra que apresenta coloração amarelada na cabeça, nos membros e na parte anterior do dorso, sendo o restante do corpo negro, formando uma espécie de colete, por isso também é chamado de "tamanduá-de-colete". Objetivou-se descrever a morfologia, a topografia e a irrigação cardíaca do Tamandua tetradactyla. Foram utilizados quatro espécimes jovens, provenientes da área de Mina Bauxita - Paragominas, Pará, que foram doados à Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, após morte por atropelamento. O sistema arterial foi preenchido com látex contrastado, e os animais foram fixados em uma solução de formaldeído a 10%. A cavidade torácica foi acessada e permitiu a análise topográfica do coração, com posterior mensuração, descrição morfológica e vascular. O coração estava localizado entre o terceiro e o quinto espaço intercostal, apresentando duas artérias coronárias, direita e esquerda, que se originaram do seio aórtico. O tipo de irrigação para esta espécie variou entre a do tipo equilibrada e a direita. Nos sulcos coronários, localizavam-se os ramos circunflexos das artérias coronárias, originando os ramos interventriculares paraconal e subsinuoso. Além das quatro câmaras cardíacas, observaram-se também as valvas tricúspide e bicúspide, cordas tendíneas, trabéculas carnosas e trabéculas septo marginal, músculos papilares nas câmaras ventriculares e músculos pectiniformes nas câmaras atriais...

The Tamandua tetradactyla and a specie of the Xenarthra order that presents yellowish color in the head, limbs and anterior part of the dorsum and the rest of the black body, forming a sort of vest, so it is also called "collared anteater". This study aimed to describe the morphology, topography and cardiac irrigation of the Tamandua tetradactyla. Four young specimens were used, from the bauxite mine area - Paragominas, Pará, which were donated to the Federal Rural University of Amazon - UFRA, after death due to running over. The arterial system was filled with contrasted latex and the animals were fixed in a 10% formaldehyde solution. The thoracic cavity was accessed by allowing the topographic analysis of the heart, with subsequent measurement, morphological and vascular description. The heart was located between the 3rd and 5th intercostal space, showing two coronary arteries, dextra and sinistra, that originated from the Sinus aortae. The type of irrigation for this species varied between the balanced and the right. In the coronary sulcus there were branches of circumflex coronary arteries, originating the Ramus interventricularis subsinuosus and Ramus interventricularis paraconalis. In addition to the four cardiac chambers we observed the tricuspid and bicuspid valves, chordae tendineae, trabeculaes carneae and trabeculaes septomarginales, the Musculus papillaris in ventricular chambers and Musculus pectiniform in atrial chambers...

Cardiac morphology and function of hyperthyroid patients admitted at De La Salle University Medical Center

BACKGROUND: Most characteristics and common signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism are the effects of thyroid  hormones  on  the heart and cardiovascular system. With the advent of echocardiography, characterizing the effects of  hyperthyroidism on the heart has been described mainly for overt hyperthyroidism. Data on subclinical hyperthyroidism  are still conflicting.OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare the cardiac morphology and function of Filipino patients with uncontrolled overt and subclinical hyperthyroidism through echocardiogram, admitted at De La Salle University Medical Center (DLSUMC) for a period  of  five years and six months.  METHODOLOGY: This is a retrospective descriptive study that utilized review of medical records. Seventy-five  hyperthyroid patients were included; 56%  with overt hyperthyroidism and 44% with subclinical hyperthyroidism. Cardiac morphology and systolic and diastolic functions were determined in the population and compared  between overt and subclinical hyperthyroidism using 2-dimensional echocardiogram.   RESULTS: Cardiac morphology was slightly  compromised due to slight thickening of interventricular septum (IVSTd) and left ventricular posterior wall thickness at diastole (LVPWTd). There was also an increase in left ventricular mass (LVM), more pronounced in overt hyperthyroidism. Systolic function parameters such as fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) were normal. Impaired left ventricular myocardial relaxation manifested as low early mitral peak flow velocity, low E/A ratio and prolonged isovolumetricrelaxation time (IVRT) was observed in most patients, particularly in overt hyperthyroidism.CONCLUSION: Abnormalities noted were comparable between the two groups of hyperthyroidism. With cardiac  parameters affected even in subclinical hyperthyroidism, treatment might be indicated regardless if hyperthyroidism is  overt or subclinical.