Outcomes of the Conversion of the Fontan-Kreutzer Operation to a Total Cavopulmonary Connection for the Failing Univentricular Circulation / Resultados da Conversão da Cirurgia de Fontan-Kreutzer para Cavo-Pulmonar Total Devido Falência da Circulação Univentricular

Abstract Background: The Fontan-Kreutzer procedure (FK) was widely performed in the past, but in the long-term generated many complications resulting in univentricular circulation failure. The conversion to total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) is one of the options for treatment. Objective: To evaluate the results of conversion from FK to TCPC. Methods: A retrospective review of medical records for patients who underwent the conversion of FK to TCPC in the period of 1985 to 2016. Significance p < 0,05. Results: Fontan-type operations were performed in 420 patients during this period: TCPC was performed in 320, lateral tunnel technique in 82, and FK in 18. Ten cases from the FK group were elected to conversion to TCPC. All patients submitted to Fontan Conversion were included in this study. In nine patients the indication was due to uncontrolled arrhythmia and in one, due to protein-losing enteropathy. Death was observed in the first two cases. The average intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS) was 13 days, and the average hospital LOS was 37 days. A functional class by New York Heart Association (NYHA) improvement was observed in 80% of the patients in NYHA I or II. Fifty-seven percent of conversions due to arrhythmias had improvement of arrhythmias; four cases are cured. Conclusions: The conversion is a complex procedure and requires an experienced tertiary hospital to be performed. The conversion has improved the NYHA functional class despite an unsatisfactory resolution of the arrhythmia.

Resumo Fundamento: O procedimento de Fontan-Kreutzer (FK) foi amplamente realizado no passado, mas a longo prazo gerou muitas complicações, resultando em falha na circulação univentricular. A conversão para conexão cavopulmonar total (CCPT) é uma das opções de tratamento. Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados da conversão de FK para CCPT. Métodos: Revisão retrospectiva de prontuários de pacientes submetidos à conversão de FK para CCPT no período de 1985 a 2016. Significância p < 0,05. Resultados: Operações do tipo Fontan foram realizadas em 420 pacientes durante este período: CCPT foi realizada em 320, técnica de túnel lateral em 82 e FK em 18. Dez casos do grupo FK foram eleitos para conversão em CCPT. Todos os pacientes submetidos à conversão de Fontan foram incluídos neste estudo. Em nove pacientes, a indicação deveu-se a arritmia não controlada e em um devido à enteropatia perdedora de proteínas. A morte foi observada nos dois primeiros casos. O tempo médio de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) foi de 13 dias e o tempo médio de internação hospitalar foi de 37 dias. Uma classe funcional pela melhora da New York Heart Association (NYHA) foi observada em 80% dos pacientes em NYHA I ou II. Cinquenta e sete por cento das conversões devido a arritmias tiveram melhora das arritmias; quatro casos foram curados. Conclusões: A conversão é um procedimento complexo e requer que um hospital terciário experiente seja realizado. A conversão melhorou a classe funcional da NYHA, apesar de uma resolução insatisfatória da arritmia.

Quilopericardio secundario a cirugía cardíaca / Chylopericardium after cardiac surgery

Introducción: El quilopericardio post cirugía cardíaca en el adulto es extremadamente infrecuente. Su aspecto lechoso característico y análisis bioquímico permiten el diagnóstico. El objetivo es presentar una complicación excepcional de la cirugía cardíaca, su fisiopatología y tratamiento médico. Presentación del caso: Mujer de 61 años, con historia de disnea progresiva, ortopnea y disnea paroxística nocturna de 12 años de evolución. Se pesquisó en ecocardiograma comunicación interauricular (CIA) tipo ostium secundum con shunt izquierda-derecha, disfunción ventricular, dilatación de cavidades derechas, insuficiencia tricuspídea masiva e hipertensión pulmonar grave. Se discutió caso y se decidió resolución quirúrgica. Se abordó por esternotomía media, y en circulación extracorpórea, se realizó, cierre de CIA con parche de poliéster y plastía tricuspídea. Al tercer día postoperatorio presentó aumento de débito pericárdico con líquido de aspecto lechoso. Análisis bioquímico permitió realizar el diagnóstico de quilopericardio. Se indicó tratamiento conservador con nutrición parenteral total y posterior uso de octreotide a lo largo de aproximadamente un mes. La paciente respondió a la terapia y fue dada de alta, no requiriendo de reintervención. Ecocardiograma de control mostró ausencia de derrame pericárdico. Al mes de seguimiento la paciente se encontró asintomática en capacidad funcional I. Discusión: La cirugía cardíaca es la causa del 9% de los casos de quilopericardio en adultos. Se han descrito diversas etiologías que van desde la lesión directa del conducto torácico hasta la asociación con la hipertensión pulmonar. En el caso presentado, el tratamiento con medidas nutricionales y octreotide fue efectivo evitando una nueva exploración quirúrgica.

Introduction: Adult post cardiac surgery chylopericardium is extremely rare. Its characteris- tic milky look and biochemical analysis allow diagnosis. The objective is to present a rare complication of cardiac surgery, its pathophysiology and treatment. Case report: A 61 years old woman, with a history of progressive dyspnea, orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea of 12 years of evolution. Echocardiography found an ostium secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) with left-right shunt, ventricular dysfunction, dilated right chambers, massive tricuspid regurgitation and severe pulmonary hypertension. The case was discussed and surgical resolution was decided. A median sternotomy, ASD closure polyester patch and tricuspid plasty was performed. On the third postoperative day presented increased pericardial debit with milky liquid. Biochemical analysis allowed the diagnosis of chylopericardium. Conservative treatment was decided with total parenteral nutrition and subsequent use of octreotide over about one month. The patient responded well to treatment and was discharged, not requiring reoperation. Control echocardiogram showed no pericardial effusion. One-month follow-up the patient was asymptomatic and in functional capacity I. Discussion: Cardiac surgery is the cause of 9% of cases chylopericardium in adults. Various etiologies are described ranging from direct injury to the thoracic duct to the association with pulmonary hypertension. In the case presented, nutritional therapy and octreotide were effective, avoiding a new surgical exploration.

Effects of glutamine dipeptide on myocardial injury and left ventricular systolic function after car-diac surgery / 临床外科杂志

Objectives To investigate the effects of glutamine dipeptide on myocardial injury andleft ventricular systolic function after cardiac surgery.Method A total of 60 patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)were randomized into two groups(n =30 in each).Thestudy group received intravenous administration of glutamine dipeptide for 7 days and the control group received compound amino acids as controls.Hemodynamic variations,peak systolic myocardial velocity(Sa)of the mitral annulus,serum troponin T(TnT),mechanical ventilation duration and ICU hospitalizationwere recorded and compared between groups.Results There were no significant differences in hemodynamic variations and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF).In the study group,the level of serum TnTdecreased significantly within 12 and 24 hours after glutamine administration(P <0.05),and Sa improvedsignificantly on the third day(P <0.05).No significant differences were found in mechanical ventilationduration and ICU hospitalization.Conclusion Intravenous administration of glutamine dipeptide has cardioprotective effects in patients after cardiac surgery,which may improve myocardial injury and speed systolic function recovery.