ABSTRACT
The increasing prevalence of cardio-metabolic risks contributes to an increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Although the cardiovascular risk factors among type 2 diabetic patients is well known, the dietary and cardio-metabolic risk factors has not been fully investigated. This study was carried out to determine the cardio- metabolic risk factors in 45 purposively-selected adult diabetic patients attending the Medical Out-Patient Clinic, University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan. A 24-hour dietary recall was used to determine the dietary intake of the patients. Weight and height were measured to determine body mass index (BMI) which was categorized as underweight (<18.5kg/m2), normal weight (18.5-24.9kg/m2), overweight (25-29.9kg/m2) and obese (?30.0kg/m2) and also waist-hip ratio. Biochemical parameters (triglyceride, blood pressure, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol) were obtained from their hospital records. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and correlation at p<0.05. The mean age of the patients was 61.3±8.15 years. Their mean BMI was 30.2±6.94kg/m². About (37.8%) of the patients had systolic stage one hypertension, 88.9% had normal triglyceride, 55.6% had normal fasting blood glucose and 80.0% had normal total cholesterol. Less than half (44.4%) of the patients were obese, 33.3% had high waist-hip ratio. A positive and signi?cant correlation was only observed between regular exercise and fasting blood glucose of the patients. The cardio- metabolic risk factors were slightly high among type 2 diabetic patients in UCH, Ibadan. Diabetic individuals should be educated to maintain healthy lifestyles, comply with the right diets in order to reduce complications.
ABSTRACT
Resumen Un estudio de corte transversal realizado entre 2012-2014 en adultos autónomos de Bogotá, mostró una prevalencia de 23% de demencia, encontrándose asociada con baja escolaridad, edad avanzada e hipertensión arterial. La relación de estos factores de riesgo con la progresión del dete rioro cognitivo no ha sido estudiada en nuestra población. Objetivo: evaluar la asociación entre factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos o sociales con la progresión a deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) o demencia, en adultos autónomos de Bogotá. Material y métodos: una cohorte de sujetos normales y con DCL, del estudio de 2012-2014, se revaluó aplicándose el protocolo neuropsiquiátrico y neuropsicológico del estudio anterior. Se realizaron análisis de correspondencia múltiple y de regresión logística. Resultados: se revaluaron 215 adultos autónomos, 118 sujetos habían sido diagnosticados con cognición normal y 97 con DCL en el primer estudio; 73% fueron mujeres con edad promedio de 71(DE:7.3) años y escolaridad de 8.2 (DE: 5.4) años. Progresaron a demencia 6% de los sujetos en un tiempo de 4(DE:1) años. Un 75% de sujetos normales permaneció sin cambio y 22% progresó a DCL; mientras que 65% de sujetos con DCL no tuvo cambios y un 25% se normalizó. Progresar de normal a DCL se asoció con baja escolaridad OR=2.43 (IC95% 1.004-5.91; p=0.049) y de DCL a demencia con IMC<25 OR=6.3 (IC95% 1.26-31; p=0.025). Conclusión: tener baja escolaridad (<5 años) se asoció en los sujetos normales con un mayor riesgo de progresión a DCL, mientras que tener un IMC <25 aumentó el riesgo de progresión a demencia en los sujetos con DCL. No identificamos factores protectores en los sujetos que se nor malizaron. (Acta Med Colomb 2019; 44: 66-74).
Abstract A cross-sectional study carried out between 2012-2014 in autonomous adults of Bogotá showed a 23% prevalence of dementia, being associated with low schooling, advanced age and arterial hy pertension. The relationship between these risk factors and the progression of cognitive deterioration has not been studied in our population. Objective: to evaluate the association between cardio-metabolic or social risk factors with the progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia, in autonomous adults of Bogotá. Material and methods: a cohort of normal subjects with MCI, from the 2012-2014 study was re-evaluated applying the neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological protocol of the previous study. Multiple correspondence and logistic regression analyzes were performed. Results: 215 autonomous adults were re-evaluated; 118 subjects had been diagnosed with normal cognition and 97 with MCI in the first study; 73% were women with an average age of 71 (SD: 7.3) years and schooling of 8.2 (SD: 5.4) years. 6% of the subjects progressed to dementia in a time of 4 (SD: 1) years. 75% of normal subjects remained unchanged and 22% progressed to MCI while 65% of subjects with MCI did not change and 25% normalized. Progressing from normal to MCI was associated with low schooling OR = 2.43 (95% CI 1.004-5.91; p = 0.049) and from MCI to dementia with BMI≤25 OR = 6.3 (IC95% 1.26-31; p = 0.025). Conclusion: having low schooling (≤5 years) was associated in normal subjects with a higher risk of progression to MCI, while having a BMI ≤25 increased the risk of progression to dementia in subjects with MCI. Protective factors in subjects who normalized were not identified. (Acta Med Colomb 2019; 44: 66-74).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Disease Progression , Cognitive Dysfunction , Risk Factors , Dementia , Cardiometabolic Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the major causes of death in the developed world. It has been reported that there is high prevalence of cardiac risk factors and associated morbidity in the adult population. These risk factors are known as the metabolic syndrome. Due to the alterations in lifestyle, low physical activity, the epidemic of obesity and insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome is a growing health problem in adults. Methods: In this study, 150 total numbers of cases were included. This study conducted in the Department of Medicine in K M Medical College & Hospital, Mathura. The duration of study was over period of one year. Results: In this study, 150 total numbers of cases were included. Out of 150 cases 65.4% were male and 34.6% were female.36% cases 51-60 age group predominantly found followed by >60 & <51. This study showed risk factor of Diabetic mellitus which were in 67 cases in IHD with metabolic syndrome group. While in IHD without metabolic syndrome group IHD higher risk found followed by other group. Conclusions: This study suggested that, Metabolic syndrome significantly increases the risk of coronary artery disease also. To prevent the development of metabolic syndrome, it is necessary to modify lifestyle.
ABSTRACT
Introducción. La actividad física y condición física son determinantes de los factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos, pudiendo influenciar en la incidencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Objetivos. Analizar la asociación entre nivel de actividad física, condición física y factores de riesgo cardio-metabólicos en adultos jóvenes. Diseño. Estudio observacional, analítico y transversal. Lugar. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Participantes. Estudiantes de pregrado de las escuelas académico profesionales. Intervenciones. La muestra fue no probabilística, seleccionada por conveniencia, estuvo conformada por 149 hombres y mujeres que consintieron voluntariamente su participación. Se excluyó aquellos con patología cardiaca, metabólica o discapacidad física que impidiera realizar las evaluaciones. Principales medidas de resultados. Nivel de actividad física (NAF), condición física, factores de riesgo cardio-metabólicos. Resultados. El 48,9% de participantes presentó NAF alta; 53,7% tenía uno o dos factores de riesgo alterados: HDL-colesterol bajo (43%), hipertensión (8,7%), hiperglicemia (4%), hipertrigliceridemia (2,7%). El 40,9% de mujeres y 35,6% de varones lograron resultados óptimos en la evaluación de resistencia cardio-respiratoria. El 49% de varones y 34,9% de mujeres alcanzaron resultados óptimos en la evaluación de fuerza abdominal. El 94,6% y 53,7% de participantes tuvieron resultados regulares o deficientes en las evaluaciones de fuerza de miembros inferiores y superiores, respectivamente. Conclusiones. El nivel de actividad física alto estuvo asociado al sexo masculino, presión arterial alta, hipertrigliceridemia, sobrepeso/obesidad, y resultados óptimos de resistencia cardio-respiratoria y fuerza abdominal, en los sujetos estudiados.
Introduction: Physical activity and physical condition are determinants of cardio-metabolic risk factors, and may influence the incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases. Objectives: To analyze the association between physical activity level, physical condition and cardio-metabolic risk factors in young adults. Design: Observational, analytical and transversal study. Setting: Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Participants: Graduate students from professional academic schools. Interventions: The sample was non-probabilistic, selected by convenience, it was formed by 149 men and women who voluntarily consented to participate. Those with cardiac, metabolic or physical disability which prevented the evaluation were excluded. Main outcome measures: Physical activity level (PAL), physical condition, cardio-metabolic risk factors. Results: 48.2% of the participants had high PAL. 53.7% had one or two altered cardio-metabolic risk factors: low HDL-cholesterol (43%), hypertension (8,7%), hyperglycemia (4%),hypertriglyceridemia (2.7%). 40.9% of women and 35.6% of men achieved optimal results in the evaluation of cardio-respiratory resistance. 49% of males and 34.9% of females obtained optimal results in abdominal strength assessment. 94.6% and 53.7% of participants achieved regular or deficient results in strength assessments of lower and upper limbs, respectively. Conclusions: In the subjects studied, high physical activity level was associated with the male sex, arterial hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, overweight / obesity, and optimal results of cardio-respiratory resistance and abdominal muscle strength tests.