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As bioactive lipids, sphingolipids participate in the signal transduction of many important physiological processes such as growth and apoptosis. Besides, abnormal levels of sphingolipids were detected in a variety of clinical conditions including hypertension and coronary heart disease, suggesting that sphingolipid metabolism is involved in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. This paper reviewed the relationship between sphingolipid metabolism with four common cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease, hypertension, arrhythmia and heart failure, and the mechanisms involved. What's more, the prospect of sphingolipid pathway as a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases is put forward.
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Introduction: Longitudinal studies have established that Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) occur more frequently and are the leading cause of death in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Dyslipidemia has been established as an important risk factor in the pathogenesis of CVD in CKD patients. Objectives: Present study was aimed to evaluate (in CKD patients),Demography along with Prevalence and Pattern of Dyslipidemiaand co-relation of Dyslipidemia with various CK Dstages. Methods: Present Cross-sectional study, conducted in Department of Medicine, R.D. Gardi Medical College and CRG hospital, Ujjain, M.P. from 1st January 2015 to 31st July 2016.We studied 115 pre-dialysis CKDcases and 100 age & sex matched controls. CKD was diagnosed as per 2012 KDOQI Criteria. Result:In CKD cases,maximum 23.47% cases belonged to fifth decade. Mean age was 48.99 ± 16.74. Male to Female ratio was1.21: 1. Prevalence of individual dyslipidemias was High TC= 50.44%, High TG= 67%, High LDL-C= 42%, High VLDL-C= 67% and Low HDL-C= 73.9%. Overall, prevalence of dyslipidemia was 82.6%. Significant increase in TG and VLDL-C and significant decrease in HDL-C was observed. TC and LDL-C were non- significantly increased.TC, TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C were in increasing trend with progression of CKD stages (3-5) and increased in Subgroup II (ESRD) as compared to Subgroup I (Non-ESRD), the increase being significant in case of TG and VLDL-C. HDL-C value was in decreasing trend with progression of CKD stages and significantly decreased in Subgroup II as compared to Subgroup I.TC, TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C showed negative correlation with GFR while HDL-C showed positive correlation. TG, HDL-C and VLDL-C showed highly significant correlation. HDL-C showed strongest correlation, followed by TG. Conclusion: Patients with CKD are predisposed to accelerated atherosclerosis leading to increased CVD. This study confirms the presence of atherogenic lipid profile in CKD.
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Background: In Chronic kidney Disease (CKD) a significant risk factor for mortality is Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor is left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Anemia, hypertension and volume overload are risk factors for LVH in CKD. So, the present was aimed at comparing the risk factors between CKD with and without LVH.Methods: A cross sectional study carried out over a 2 year period in Department Nephrology and General Medicine OPD, MIMS, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh. A total of 120 patients are included in this study and divided in to CKD stage III to V based on estimated GFR. Based on 2D echocardiography data CKD cases are further divided in to CKD with LVH and CKD without LVH.Results: The Left ventricular mass index was significant higher in CKD with LVH (128.89±19.28) when compared with CKD without LVH (108.20±10.28). The left ventricular mass index was noted in more number in stage V of CKD. It is also observed that the left ventricular mass index was negatively correlated with haemoglobin and eGFR and was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure and serum NT-proBNP.Conclusions: Present study finding suggested that the incidence of LVH is higher in CKD patients. LVH was positively correlated with hypertension and NT-proBNP and negatively correlated with anemia and estimated GFR.
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Background: CKD is a risk factor for CVD and dyslipidemia is an important co-morbidity associated with both. CKD can lead to variations in lipid profile which can lead to atherosclerosis and thereby increase the risk for CVD.Objective was to analyse the clinical and diagnostic cardiovascular features of CKD patients and the associated variations in their lipid profile.Methods: This prospective study was conducted from May 2015 to May 2017 among 100 patients attending to Medicine department with documented biochemical and sonographic evidence of chronic kidney disease. The included participants were subjected to routine blood investigations including lipid profile and cardiovascular evaluation which included electrocardiography (ECG), chest X-ray and M-mode 2-Dimensional echocardiography. Data was recorded in a proforma and the results were analysed statistically.Results: The study included 100 patients with chronic kidney disease, majority (n=42, 42%) of them belonging to the 40-50 years age group. There was similar (p=0.78) representation of males and females in the study. Significantly (p=0.02) higher number (n=58) of alcoholics were present among the CKD patients. Significantly (p=0.04) higher proportion of patients with CKD had high TG (36%) and low HDL (30%) levels. Majority (58%) had CVD morbidity and Left ventricular hypertrophy was a characteristic feature in majority (n=15%) of the CKD patients as evaluated by ECG and ECHO.Conclusions: The study documented the association of CVD and dyslipidemia with CKD. It also revealed ECG and ECHO changes in CKD patients which can be useful predictors in determining the progression of the CVD complications in CKD.
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Background: Cardiovascular disease is rising day by day due to having high fat diet and due to genetic alterations. Materials & Methods: Study included 70 CVD patients and their peripheral blood samples were collected for genotyping by venipuncture under aseptic condition in EDTA vials (2ml) as well as in serum vials (3ml) for biochemical parameters. Genomic DNA extraction was done by phenol chloroform method from blood samples collected in EDTA vials from cases as well as controls for genotype study. Results: The difference of genotype between cases and controls was found to be significant (p=0.0003). Study observed that high percentage of GA 29 (41.4%) and AA 8 (11.4%) genotype was found in patients compared to controls GA 10 (20%) and AA 0 (0%) while lower GG 33 (47.2%) genotype in patients compared to control GG 40 (80%) genotype. Compared to the GG genotype, the OR 3.51 (1.49-8.25) and 20.55 (1.14-369.6) for the heterozygous GA and homozygous AA genotypes were estimated, suggesting a possible dominant effect of Apo B polymorphism on CVD risk. In smokers, compared to the GG genotype, the OR 2.19 (0.69-6.88) and 1.71 (0.29-9.87) for the heterozygous GA and homozygous AA genotypes. In alcoholism, compared to the GG genotype, the OR 2.66 (0.93-7.57) and 8.4 (0.92-76.19) for the heterozygous GA and homozygous AA genotypes. Patients with mutant homozygous AA, heterozygous GA genotypes showed 123.3+14.34 (mg/dl) and 76.92+24.09 Apo B level in CVD patients compared to wild type GG homozygous genotypes were 70.82+17.12. Conclusion: It was observed that Apo B gene polymorphism and smoking behaviour found to be associated with increased risk of CVD in Indian population.
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Background: Adipose, a storage house of fat releases pro-inflammatory IL6 into circulation. One of the markers for inflammation is CRP which is raised due to any condition resulting in inflammation. Since inflammation can result in Cardiovascular disease, detection of CRP carries a great value in preventing morbidity and mortality. Methods: 569 patients above the age of 18 years, who visited the outpatient wards for examination of cardiovascular risk factors were included in the study. Detailed history, height, weight, Body mass index, were taken from all patients. Routine blood tests and CRP levels were done for all patients. CRP was done by chemi-luminiscence method. Results: Clinically raised CRP levels were seen in 3 (1.3%) of the males and 33(9.5%) of the females, while elevated CRP was seen in 64(28.7%) males and in 129 (37.3%) females. 98 (43.9%) of males and 163 (47.1%) of the females were overweight with BMI 25-20 kg/m2 and 11 (4.9%) males and 48 (13.9%) females had a BMI of over 30 kg/m2. There was considerable increase in the CRP levels as BMI increased in both males and females but no males had clinically raised CRP levels when compared to the females. Conclusion: Our study has shown a significant association of raised CRP levels with overweight and obesity. As inflammation is one of the early markers for future CVD, it is imperative to take proper action to reduce morbidity and mortality.
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A atenção primária à saúde (APS) compreende não só a promoção à saúde e a prevençãode agravos a partir de um cuidado constante, como também um conjunto de serviços desaúde direcionados para as necessidades do indivíduo e de uma coletividade. Comoproblematização de estudo discute-se o município do Rio de Janeiro com a ampliação daESF, esta reduzindo as internações por condições cardiovasculares sensíveis à atençãoprimária. Tema de estudo: A expansão da Estratégia Saúde da Família reduz o número deinternações por condições cardiovasculares sensíveis à atenção primária no município doRio de Janeiro? Objetivo: Apresentar a taxa das Internações Cardiovasculares Sensíveis àAtenção Primária (ICSAP) e a relação com a cobertura da ESF no município do Rio deJaneiro no período de 2008 a 2013. Método: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, do tipoecológico, considerando como unidade de análise a população pertencente ao município doRio de Janeiro, adotando-se o período entre janeiro de 2008 e dezembro de 2013. Tendocomo variáveis: idade, sexo, AP de residência, cobertura da ESF, cobertura populacionalda ESF e número de habitantes por AP e o indicador de saúde, que envolve as internaçõeshospitalares sensíveis à atenção primária, optou-se pelos grupos de causascardiovasculares: hipertensão arterial (I10, I11), angina pectoris (I20), insuficiênciacardíaca congestiva (I50, J81) e doenças cerebrovasculares (I63 a I67, I69, G45 e G46).Resultado: Aumento da cobertura, saindo de 8,1% para 39,41% em dezembro de 2013.Ampliação do número de equipes habilitadas de 266 em dezembro de 2010 para 734equipes habilitadas em dezembro de 2013. Na AP 5.3 observa-se redução para o grupo dehipertensão. Nas APs 2.1, 3.1, 3.2 e 4.0 foi apresentada redução para o grupo deinsuficiência cardíaca. No grupo das doenças cerebrovasculares as APs que apresentaram redução foram...
The Primary Healthcare encompasses not only the promotion of Health, and the preventionof damages, by the ongoing care, as well as a set of Health Services directed to the needsof the individual and the colective. As the Studys Problematization the Municipality ofRio de Janeiro is discussed, with the ampliation of the Family Health Strategy, which isreducing hospitalizations for cardio-vascular conditions sensible to the primary care. Studytheme: Does the expansion of the Family Health Strategy reduces the number ofhospitalizations for cardio-vascular conditions sensible to the primary care? Objective: Topresent the level of Cardio-vascular Hospitalizations Sensible to Primary Care, and therelation to the coverage of the Family Care Strategy in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro,in the period from 2008 to 2013. Method: This is a Quantitative Study, of the ecologicaltype, considering as its analysis unit the population of the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro,and the period from January 2008 to December 2013 was adopted. The variablesconsidered were age, gender, Primary Care unit of residence, coverage of the FamilyHealth Strategy, populational coverage of the Family Health Strategy, and the number ofinhabitants per Primary Care unit, as well as the health indicator, which involves thehospitalizations sensible to primary care. The cardio-vascular causes groups were chosen:high blood pressure (I10, I11), angina pectoris (I20), gongestive heart failure (I50, J81),and cerebro-vascular diseases (I63 a I67, I69, G45 e G46). Results: The broadening ofcoverage, from 8.1% to 39.41% in December, 2013. The growth in the number ofcapacitated staff, from 266 in December, 2010, to 734 in December, 2013. At the PrimaryCare Unit 5.3, a reduction for the hipertension group is observed. At the Primary CareUnits 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, and 4.0, a reduction for the heart failure group was presented. In thecerebro-vascular group, the Primary Units that presented reductions were...
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Humans , Cardiovascular Diseases/nursing , Cardiovascular Nursing , National Health Strategies , Health Promotion/statistics & numerical data , Primary Health CareABSTRACT
Objeetive To investigate the retired elderly patients who had traditional Chinese medicine for preventing cardio-vascular disease and their complications for providing the best possible care.Methods Forty-eight retired elderly patients who had been given the infusion of traditional Chinese medicine for preventing the cardio-vascular disease over two years were analyzed.Results The finance,individual choice and social influences were the three major factors for the retired elderly people to choose traditional Chinese medicine for preventing cardiovascular diseases.In forty-eight patients of the study,100％ of them had secure medical insurance and they did not have any worries with the finance.93.75％ of them positively agreed with the treatment.91.67％ of them supported the idea use of the traditional Chinese medicine to promote the health and had the positive influence on the society.Conclusion Financial reasons,individual preference and social influences are the main factors to affect the retired elderly patient's choice of having traditional Chinese medicine to prevent cardiovascular disease.Our health care system for the retired elderly people has ensured the compliance of the treatment.With the increased awareness of the importance of the health,the traditional Chinese medicine has been widely used to prevent the occurrence of the cardio-vascular disease.