ABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: la obesidad representa una importante problemática a nivel mundial, esto genera la necesidad de encontrar nuevas estrategias terapéuticas que contribuyan a tratar dicha enfermedad. En los últimos años, ha surgido el ayuno intermitente (AI) como una posible alternativa dietoterápica en el descenso de peso y en la mejora de variables cardiometabólicas, aunque la evidencia científica es controvertida. Objetivos: evaluar la evidencia científica disponible respecto a la efectividad del ayuno intermitente en el descenso de peso y en la mejora de las variables cardiometabólicas en comparación con la restricción energética continua. Materiales y Método: se ha llevado a cabo una búsqueda sistemática de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (ECA) en las bases de datos PUBMED y Cochrane Library. Se incluyeron 11 ECA, que compararan AI con restricción energética continua (REC) con un rango de duración de 4 a 48 semanas, en mujeres y hombres con un índice de masa corporal (IMC) ≥25 kg/m2 y que hayan evaluado descenso de peso y variables cardiometabólicas. Resultados: el AI presentó una mediana de descenso de peso de 5,5 kg (RIQ: 4,7;6,86 kg), mientras que para la REC fue de 4,8 kg (RIQ: 3,8;6,6 kg). El IMC, la masa grasa, la masa libre de grasa y circunferencia de cintura, se redujeron de manera significativa tanto para la intervención como para el comparador. Asimismo, las variables cardiometabólicas presentaron mejoras respecto a los valores iniciales, sin embargo, evidenciaron resultados heterogéneos. Conclusiones: tanto el AI como la REC resultaron ser efectivas para la mejora de las variables estudiadas. La intervención no demostró ser mejor que el comparador.
Abstract Introduction: obesity represents a major problem worldwide, and this generates the need to find new therapeutic tools that contribute to the treatment of this disease. In recent years, intermittent fasting (IF) has emerged as a possible dietary alternative in weight loss and improvement of cardiometabolic variables, although the scientific evidence is controversial. Objectives: to evaluate the available scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of intermittent fasting in weight loss and in the improvement of cardiometabolic variables in comparison with continuous energy restriction. Materials and Method: a systematic search of PUBMED and Cochrane Library databases for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) has been conducted. Eleven RCTs were included, comparing IF with continuous energy restriction (CER) with a duration range of 4 to 48 weeks, in women and men with a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 and who assessed weight loss and cardio metabolic variables. Results: the IF presented a median weight loss of 5.5 kg (IQR:4.7; 6.86 kg), while for CER it was 4.8 kg (IQR: 3.8; 6.6 kg). BMI, fat mass, fat-free mass, and waist circumference were significantly reduced for both the intervention and the comparator. Likewise, the cardiometabolic variables presented improvements with respect to the initial values, however, they showed heterogeneous results. Conclusions: both IF and CER proved to be effective in improving the variables studied; the intervention did not prove to be better than the comparator.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: Adolescent's ideal cardiovascular health index (ICVH) seems to be an important indicator of youth's lifestyles and cardiometabolic health with potential positive consequences for their Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between the ICVH index and HRQoL in adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study based on secondary analyses from the LabMed Physical Activity Study (n=407 adolescents, 53% girls). ICVH, as defined by the American Heart Association, was determined as meeting ideal behaviors (physical activity, body mass index, smoking status, and diet intake) and health factors (blood pressure, total glucose, and cholesterol). HRQoL was measured with the Kidscreen-10 self-report questionnaire. Results: Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed a significant association between the accumulation of ideal cardiovascular health metrics and HRQoL (F(4,403)=4.160; p=0.003). In addition, the higher the number of ideal health behaviors accumulated, the higher the mean values of HRQoL (p-value for trend=0.001), after adjustments for age, sex, socioeconomic status and pubertal stage. Conclusions: ICVH index was positively associated with HRQoL in adolescents. Ideal health behaviors metrics seem to have a stronger association with HRQoL than the ideal health factors metrics in adolescents.
RESUMO Objetivo: O Índice de Saúde Cardiovascular Ideal (ISCI) do adolescente parece ser um importante indicador do estilo de vida e da saúde cardiometabólica dos jovens, com possíveis consequências positivas para a Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde (QVRS). O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar as associações do ISCI e da QVRS em adolescentes. Métodos: Este foi um estudo transversal baseado em análises secundárias do estudo LabMed Physical Activity (n=407 adolescentes, 53% meninas). O ISCI, conforme definido pela American Heart Association, foi determinado como atendendo a comportamentos ideais (atividade física, índice de massa corporal, tabagismo e padrão alimentar) e fatores de saúde (pressão arterial, glicose total e colesterol). A QVRS foi mensurada com o questionário de autorrelato Kidscreen-10. Resultados: A análise de covariância mostrou associação entre o acúmulo de métricas ideais de saúde cardiovascular e a QVRS (F(4,403)=4,160; p=0,003). Quanto maior o número de comportamentos ideais de saúde acumulados, maiores os valores médios da QVRS (p-valor de tendência=0,001), após ajustes para idade, sexo, status socioeconômico e estágio pubertal. Conclusões: O índice de saúde cardiovascular ideal associou-se positivamente à QVRS em adolescentes. As métricas ideais de comportamentos de saúde parecem ter uma associação mais forte com a QVRS do que as métricas ideais de fatores de saúde em adolescentes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Quality of Life , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Health Behavior/physiology , Health Status , Exercise , Smoking , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Feeding BehaviorABSTRACT
Resumen Los edulcorantes son sustancias capaces de sustituir el dulzor característico del azúcar y en la actualidad son muy utilizados por su capacidad edulcorante, superior a la de la sacarosa, lo que hace que se requieran menos cantidades de estos en los alimentos. Esta característica ha despertado el interés de muchos investigadores por sus posibles beneficios para pacientes con diabetes y obesidad, entre otras morbilidades. En este artículo se hace una revisión acerca de la relación de los edulcorantes no calóricos con el control del peso, el síndrome metabólico y la aparición de eventos cardiovasculares.
Abstract Sweeteners are substances capable of replacing the characteristic sweetness of sugar. They are currently widely used for their sweetener capacity, which is greater than that of saccharose, and which means lower quantities are required in foods. This characteristic has aroused the interest of many researchers due to their possible benefits in diabetes and obesity, as well as in other disorders. A review is presented in this article on the relationship between calorie-free sweeteners and weight control, metabolic syndrome, and the appearance of cardiovascular events.
Subject(s)
Metabolic Syndrome , Non-Nutritive Sweeteners , Sweetening Agents , Health , Non-Nutritive SweetenersABSTRACT
El Estudio Venezolano de Salud Cardio-Metabólica (EVESCAM) es el primer estudio multicéntrico sobre la Salud cardiometabólica del venezolano. Evaluar la prevalencia de diabetes y Factores de Riesgo Cardio-Metabólico (FRCM), y su relación con el estilo de vida en Venezuela. Es un estudio poblacional, transversal, con muestreo por conglomerados, cuyo objetivo es evaluar a 4200 participantes ≥ 20 años de las 8 regiones de Venezuela. Los datos serán recolectados en centros asistenciales por profesionales de la salud y estudiantes de medicina previamente capacitados y certificados. Después de obtener el consentimiento informado, en cada participante se realizarán: a. Cuestionarios estructurados para obtener datos clínicos, demográficos, de actividad física, nutricionales, psicológicos y estratos sociales; b. examen físico (peso, talla, grasa corporal por bioimpedancia, circunferencia de la cintura, fuerza de aprehensión de la mano, presión arterial y electrocardiograma) y c. Pruebas bioquímicas (Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa -PTGO- estándar 75 g, colesterol total, HDL-colesterol, LDL-colesterol y triglicéridos). Además se calculará el riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca coronaria (por puntaje de Framingham) y la regulación de la glucosa alterada (por puntaje FINDRISC modificado). Se estimará la prevalencia de sobrepeso, obesidad, prediabetes, diabetes, hipertensión, dislipidemias, sarcopenia, síndrome metabólico y su relación con los factores de estilo de vida (nutrición, actividad física, estrés psicosocial, uso de tabaco y alcohol). En esta primera parte se explica la metodología y la aplicación del muestreo a la Ciudad de Barquisimeto.
This is the first cardiometabolic multicentric study of the Venezuelan people cardiometabolic health. To evaluate the relationship of the prevalence of diabetes and risk factors with Venezuelan lifestyle. This is a population, transverse, with conglomerates of 4200 of 20 or more years-old in 8 areas of Venezuela. Data were colected in different health centers by physicians and medical students, who had been enabled for this. After obtaining consented inform, to each participant the following was applied: 1) structured questionaires for clinical data, demography, physical activity, nutrition, psicological traits and social status. 2. complete physical examination, including EKG). 3. Glucose tolerance test, lipid profile, Framingham score and FINDRISK modified score. Prevalence of overweight, obesity, prediabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, sarcopenia, metabolic syndrome and their relationship with lifestyle factors. This is the first parte in the city of Barquisimeto.