Fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares em usuários de unidades básicas de saúde / risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in users of basic health units / factores de riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares en usuarios de unidades básicas de salud

Objetivo: Analisar os fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares de usuários de unidades básicas de saúde. Método: Trata-se de uma estudo descritivo, trans- versal, com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra foi definida a partir do número de usuários cadastrados em duas unidades básicas de saúde no município de João Pessoa-PB. Participaram da pesquisa 180 usuários. Resultados: Destaca-se que 60% eram mulheres. Referente à idade, 64,4% tinham entre 30 e 59 anos. 42,8% cursaram o ensino médio e 32,2% ensino superior, evidenciando um grau de escolaridade satisfatório. Ilustra-se a prevalência de fatores de riscos para doenças cardiovasculares nas variáveis nível de estresse, índice de massa corporal (sobrepeso e obesidade), ausência de atividade física, alimentação não saudável e hereditariedade. Conclusão: Espera-se que os profissionais das unidades básicas de saúde reforcem as orientações para a prevenção de fatores de risco e implementem atividades educativas a fim de orientar hábitos saudáveis para minimizar riscos.

Objective: To analyze the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in users of basic health units. Method: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. The sample was defined from the number of registered users in two basic health units in the city of João Pessoa-PB. 180 users participated in the survey. Results: It is noteworthy that 60% were women. Regarding age, 64.4% were between 30 and 59 years old. 42.8% attended high school and 32.2% higher education, showing a satisfactory level of education. The prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases is illustrated in the variables stress level, body mass index (overweight and obesity), lack of physical activity, unhealthy diet, and heredity. Conclusion: Professionals at basic health units are expected to reinforce guidelines for the prevention of risk factors and implement educational activities to guide healthy habits to minimize risks.

Objetivo: Analizar los factores de riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares en usuarios de unidades básicas de salud. Método: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, transversal con enfoque cuantitativo. La muestra se definió a partir del número de usuarios registrados en dos unidades básicas de salud del municipio de João Pessoa-PB. 180 usuarios participaron en la encuesta. Resultados: Cabe destacar que el 60% eran mujeres. En cuanto a la edad, el 64,4% tenía entre 30 y 59 años. El 42,8% cursó estudios secundarios y el 32,2% estudios superiores, mostrando un nivel de instrucción satisfactorio. La prevalencia de factores de riesgo para enfermedades cardiovasculares se ilustra en las variables nivel de estrés, índice de masa corporal (sobrepeso y obesidad), falta de actividad física, dieta poco saludable y herencia. Conclusión: Se espera que los profesionales de las unidades básicas de salud refuercen las directrices para la prevención de los factores de riesgo e implementen actividades educativas para orientar hábitos saludables que minimicen los riesgos.

Mortalidade por COVID-19 em pessoas cardiopatas no estado de São Paulo / Mortality from COVID-19 in people with heart disease in São Paulo State / Mortalidad por COVID-19 en cardiópatas en el estado de São Paulo

Objetivo: analisar a mortalidade pela doença causada pelo coronavírus do tipo 2 (COVID-19) em pessoas com cardiopatia no estado de São Paulo. Métodos: estudo observacional, retrospectivo e analítico. Os dados foram coletados no período de 4 de fevereiro de 2020 a 25 de julho de 2021. O modelo comparando pessoas com e sem cardiopatia foi ajustado por sexo, faixa etária, obesidade e diabetes, possíveis variáveis de confusão. As comparações foram analisadas por meio do modelo de regressão log-binomial e cálculo de risco relativo. Resultados: pessoas do estado de São Paulo com cardiopatia infectadas pela COVID-19 entre 21 e 50 anos apresentaram risco maior de óbito quando comparadas as pessoas sem cardiopatia. Ainda, mulheres cardiopatas acima de 51 anos apresentaram risco menor de óbito comparadas aos homens cardiopatas na mesma faixa etária. Conclusão: pessoas com cardiopatia infectadas pelo COVID-19, principalmente homens, possuem um risco aumentado de morte no estado de São Paulo.

Objective: to examine mortality from the disease caused by type-2 Coronavirus (COVID-19) in people with heart disease in São Paulo State. Methods: in this, retrospective, analytical, observational study, data were collected from February 4, 2020, to July 25, 2021. The model comparing people with and without heart disease was adjusted for the possible confounding variables sex, age group, obesity, and diabetes. Comparisons were analyzed using log-binomial regression models and relative risk calculation. Results: risk of death was higher among people between 21 and 50 years old infected by COVID-19 and with heart disease than among people without heart disease. Also, risk of death was lower among women with heart disease over 51 years old than among men with heart disease in the same age group. Conclusion: people, especially men, with heart disease and infected by COVID-19 are at increased risk of death.

Objetivo: analizar la mortalidad por la enfermedad causada por el coronavírus del tipo 2 (COVID-19) en personas cardiópatas en el estado de São Paulo. Métodos: estudio observacional, retrospectivo y analítico. Los datos se recopilaron del 4 de febrero de 2020 al 25 de julio de 2021. El modelo que compara personas con y sin cardiopatía se ajustó por sexo, grupo de edad, obesidad y diabetes, posibles variables de confusión. Las comparaciones se analizaron mediante el modelo de regresión log-binomial y el cálculo del riesgo relativo. Resultados: las personas del estado de São Paulo, con cardiopatías, infectadas por COVID-19 entre 21 y 50 años tenían mayor riesgo de muerte en comparación con las personas sin cardiopatías. Además, las mujeres con cardiopatías mayores de 51 años tenían un menor riesgo de muerte en comparación con los hombres con cardiopatías del mismo grupo de edad. Conclusión: las personas con cardiopatías infectadas por COVID-19, especialmente los hombres, tienen mayor riesgo de muerte, en el estado de São Paulo.

Association between excess peripheral, central and general adiposity with high blood pressure in adolescents in southern Brazil / Associação entre excesso de adiposidade periférica, central e geral com pressão alta em adolescentes do Sul do Brasil

Introduction: Excess adiposity is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, including high blood pressure. Children and adolescents with obesity and hypertension are at greater risk of morbidity and mortality in adulthood. Objective: To analyze the association between excess peripheral, central and general adiposity with high blood pressure in adolescents in southern Brazil.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 1,132 adolescents (16.50 ± 1.14 years) of both sexes. Measurements were performed with the oscillometric method using digital sphygmomanometer, considering high systolic and diastolic blood pressure, values above the 95th percentile for sex and age. Peripheral adiposity (triceps skinfold) and central adiposity (subscapular skinfold) were classified as high from the 90th percentile of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reference distribution. For excess general adiposity, triceps and subscapular skinfold above the 90th percentile were simultaneously considered. Logistic regression was used with 5% significance level. Results: Male adolescents with high peripheral, central and general adiposity were, respectively, 2.43 (95% CI: 1.14; 5.19), 3.50 (95% CI: 1.66; 7.41) and 2.47 (95% CI: 1.01; 6.18) times more likely of having high SBP. Male adolescents with excess general adiposity were more likely of developing high diastolic blood pressure (OR: 3.31; 95% CI: 1.41; 7.70). Female adolescents with excess central and general adiposity were 4.15 (95% CI: 1.97; 8.77) and 3.30 (95% CI: 1.41; 7.77) times more likely of developing high diastolic blood pressure, respectively. Conclusion: Male adolescents with excess peripheral, central and general adiposity were more likely of having high systolic blood pressure and high diastolic blood pressure when presenting high general adiposity. In addition, female adolescents with high excess central and general adiposity were more likely of having high diastolic blood pressure.

Introdução: o excesso de adiposidade é um dos principais fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares, incluindo a hipertensão arterial. Crianças e adolescentes com obesidade e hipertensão apresentam maiores riscos de morbidez e mortalidade na vida adulta. Objetivo: analisar a associação entre excesso de adiposidade periférica, central e geral com pressão arterial (PA) elevada em adolescentes do Sul do Brasil. Método: estudo transversal com 1.132 adolescentes (16,50 ±1,14 anos) de ambos os sexos. As mensurações foram por método oscilométrico com esfigmomanômetro digital considerando como PA sistólica (PAS) e PA diastólica (PAD) elevadas, valores acima do percentil 95 para sexo e idade. A adiposidade periférica (dobra cutânea do tríceps) e central (dobra cutânea subescapular) foram classificadas em elevada a partir do percentil 90 da distribuição de referência do Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Para excesso de adiposidade geral foram consideradas a dobra cutânea tricipital e subescapular acima do percentil 90, simultaneamente. Empregou-se regressão logística com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: adolescentes do sexo masculino com adiposidade periférica, central e geral elevada apresentaram, respectivamente, 2,43 (IC95%: 1,14; 5,19), 3,50 (IC95%: 1,66; 7,41) e 2,47 (IC95%: 1,01; 6,18) vezes mais chances de PAS elevada. Adolescentes do sexo masculino com adiposidade geral elevada apresentaram maiores chances de desenvolver PAD elevada (OR: 3,31; IC95%: 1,41; 7,70). Adolescentes do sexo feminino com adiposidade central e geral elevada obtiveram 4,15 (IC95%: 1,97; 8,77) e 3,30 (IC95%: 1,41; 7,77) vezes mais chances de desenvolver PAD elevada, respectivamente. Conclusão: adolescentes do sexo masculino com adiposidade periférica, central e geral elevada tiveram mais chances de pressão arterial sistólica elevada e pressão arterial diastólica elevada quando apresentavam adiposidade geral elevada. Adolescentes do sexo feminino com adiposidade central e geral elevada apresentaram mais chances de pressão arterial diastólica elevada.

Dietary Fat Intake and its Association with Adiposity and Inflammatory Markers in Individuals at Cardiometabolic Risk

Abstract Background Fatty acids are important components of diet that may influence the development of CVD. Objective To verify the relationship of dietary fatty acids with cardiometabolic markers in individuals at the cardiometabolic risk. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 282 subjects (116 M/166 F, 42 ± 16 years) attended the Cardiovascular Health Care Program, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (Brazil). Anthropometric and body composition measurements as well as metabolic and inflammatory markers were assessed by standard procedures. Demographic and lifestyle variables were obtained by semi-structured questionnaire. Food consumption was evaluated by 24h recall. Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney-U test and chi-square test were used, considering the statistical significance level of 5% probability. Results Individuals who eaten fat, fatty acids saturated and fatty acids polyunsaturated above recommendation (> 35, 7%, and 10% of caloric intake) were more likely to be overweight (p < 0.05). Those individuals with higher intake of medium-chain fatty saturated acids (≥ 1.05 g/d) had lower values (p < 0.05) of body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and waist-height ratio and higher values (p < 0.05) of total leukocytes, C-reactive protein and total cholesterol, and LDL. Subjects with higher of palmitoleic acid intake (≥ 0.94 g/d) presented higher values of BMI, fat percentage and HOMA-IR (p < 0.05). Conclusion This cross-sectional study found different associations of dietary fat and cardiometabolic risk related to adiposity and inflammatory markers, according with chain-size and saturation, indicating the need the more detailed on the dietary assessment of obese patients to identify risk factors and established best strategies to control. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Risco de doenças cardiovasculares em pescadores de uma comunidade / Risk of cardiovascular disease in fishermen in a community

Pescadores compõem um grupo de trabalhadores predominantemente do gênero masculino no Brasil. Atrelado ao gênero e à ocupação existem outros fatores de risco como tabagismo, consumo excessivo de álcool, baixo nível de escolaridade e socioeconômicos para desenvolvimento de doença cardiovascular que se constitui na principal causa de morte por doenças não transmissíveis. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de doença cardiovascular em pescadores na comunidade Pontal da Barra, Maceió-AL. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional transversal realizado no período de outubro a novembro de 2016. A amostra foi composta por pescadores cadastrados na Unidade de Saúde da Família Tarcísio Palmeira. Foram avaliados: pressão arterial, circunferência abdominal, índice de massa corpórea, perfil lipídico, glicemia em jejum e um questionário com perguntas sobre hábitos diários e aspectos socioeconômicos. A Síndrome Metabólica foi avaliada conforme a NCEP-ATP III. Para avaliar fatores de risco para eventos cardiovasculares nos próximos 10 anos, foi aplicado o escore de Framingham. As variáveis foram apresentadas em média, desvio padrão, números absolutos e porcentagem em tabelas e gráficos de frequência. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi composta por 37 pescadores, todos do gênero masculino, com idade de 58,37 ± 13,77 anos e com renda mensal de 1 a 2 salários mínimos (89%). A Síndrome Metabólica foi diagnosticada em 49% dos participantes. Segundo o escore de Framingham, 22% apresentaram alto risco de desenvolver eventos cardiovasculares. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados encontrados revelaram que os pescadores na comunidade Pontal da Barra, apresentam um risco moderado para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares nos próximos 10 anos.

Cardiovascular diseases are part of the chronic non-transmissible diseases, which are characterized as the main causes of death in Brazil and around the world. Against this fact, a continuous study is necessary in order to evaluate the risks that lead to cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk of cardiovascular disease in fishermen in the community of Pontal da Barra, Maceió-AL. METHODS: This is an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study that was carried out from October to November 2016. The sample was defined by fishermen enrolled in Family Health of the unit Tarcísio Palmeira. Blood pressure, abdominal circumference, body mass index, lipid profile and fasting blood glucose were evaluated, and a questionnaire was applied that included questions related to their daily habits and socioeconomic aspects. Metabolic Syndrome was evaluated according to NCEP-ATP III. To evaluate the risk factors for cardiovascular events over the next 10 years, the Framingham score was applied. In the descriptive statistics the quantitative variables were presented such as standard deviation and percentage and the qualitative variables were presented in tables and frequency charts. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 37 male fishermen, aged 58.37 ± 13.77 years, with the majority having a monthly income of 1 to 2 minimum wages 89%. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 49% of participants. Following the Framingham score, 22% had a high risk of developing cardiovascular events. CONCLUSION: The fishermen of the study do an intense work activity with the fishing, in addition to the food habit almost daily with the consumption of fish, which contributed to the classification as low risk of cardiovascular events.

Fatores de risco cardiovascular modificáveis em profissionais de enfermagem do setor de cardiologia: estudo transversal / Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in nursing professionals at a cardiology sector: cross-sectional study

Avaliar a prevalência dos fatores de risco cardiovascular e suas associações com as características sociodemográficas em profissionais de enfermagem. Estudo transversal, quantitativo com profissionais da equipe de Enfermagem que trabalhavam nas unidades de cardiologia de um hospital universitário de grande porte. Os fatores de risco avaliados foram: hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia, tabagismo, etilismo, sedentarismo, obesidade, sonolência diurna excessiva, depressão, estresse e risco de apneia obstrutiva do sono. Avaliados 122 profissionais onde o sedentarismo, seguido da sonolência diurna excessiva, obesidade e depressão foram os fatores de risco mais prevalentes. A idade e o tempo de profissão foram as variáveis com mais associação com os fatores de risco analisados. Diante da alta prevalência dos fatores de risco torna-se imperativo intervenções de promoção à saúde como incentivo à prática de atividade física e adequação a dieta saudável que além de reduzir o risco cardiovascular pode atenuar a prevalência de outros fatores de risco.

To evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and their associations with sociodemographic characteristics in nursing professionals. A cross-sectional, quantitative study with professionals of the Nursing team who worked in the cardiology units of a large- sized university hospital. The risk factors evaluated were: systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcoholism, sedentary behavior, obesity, excessive daytime sleepiness, depression, stress and risk of obstructive sleep apnea. One hundred twenty-two professionals were evaluated, where sedentary behavior, followed by excessive daytime sleepiness, obesity and depression were the most prevalent risk factors. Age and length of employment were the variables most associated with the analyzed risk factors. In the face of the high prevalence of risk factors it is imperative health promotion interventions as an incentive to physical activity and adequacy to a healthy diet that in addition to reducing cardiovascular risk may attenuate the prevalence of other risk factors.

Association between kidney function and Framingham risk score in an admixed population of Brazil

ABSTRACT Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk development. However, the mechanisms of reduced kidney function with CVD risk are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between kidney function and Framingham risk score (FRS) in participants with traditional cardiovascular risk factors and normal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) > 60 mL/min/1.73 m² in an admixed population of Brazil. The participants were divided into three groups according to FRS: low risk group with 0% to <10%, moderate risk group with ≥10% to 20% and high risk group with >20%. The eGFR was calculated using Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI). Data from participants were collected by questionnaire, and blood and urine samples were collected to analyze biochemical markers. A total of 214 subjects aged 53±10 years old was collected. There were 77 individuals in low risk group, 59 in moderate risk group and 78 in high-risk group. Mean eGFRCKD-EPI was 89.39±15.05 mL/min/1.73 m² and 90.74±16.17 mL/min/1.73 m2 when race adjustment. The results indicated that there is an increasing the cardiovascular risk with a decreased of eGFR, conforming to a significant inverse correlation observed between eGFR and FRS with Spearman correlation (R²=-0.256, p<0.001; R²=-0.224, p=0.001, when adjusted for race). There was a statistically significant difference in eGFRCKD-EPI (p<0.001) and eGFRCKD-EPI with race adjustment (p=0.002) among risk groups. The data suggests that the reduction eGFR is associated with elevated FRS among Brazilian adults without CKD. Furthermore, the results suggest that race adjustment it's not necessary in Brazilian population.

Doenças cardiovasculares: fatores de risco em adolescentes / Cardiovascular diseases: risk factors in adolescents

O objetivo do estudo foi investigar os fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares em adolescentes do município de Picos-Piauí. Estudo descritivo e transversal realizado com 151 adolescentes. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de agosto a outubro de 2013 nas escolas particulares. Os resultados evidenciaram que há presença de alterações na pressão arterial nos indivíduos do sexo masculino e feminino, 8,6% e 14,8%, respectivamente, com os valores entre os percentis 90 e 95, classificando como limítrofe. A maioria da amostra apresentou excesso de peso. O perfil lipídico estava alterado em boa parte da população estudada. Com base nesses achados, torna-se necessário a formulação de estratégias de prevenção para os adolescentes visando à promoção de estilos de vida saudáveis como dietas com baixa densidade energética e incremento na atividade física (AU).

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los factores de riesgo a las enfermedades cardiovasculares en adolescentes del municipio de Picos-Piauí. Estudio descriptivo y transversal, realizado con 151 adolescentes. Datos recolectados durante el período de agosto a octubre de 2013 en las escuelas particulares. Los resultados evidenciaron que existe presencia de alteraciones en la presión arterial de los individuos de sexo masculino y femenino, 8,6% y 14,8% respectivamente, con los valores entre los percentiles 90 y 95 clasificando como limítrofes. La mayoría de la muestra presentó exceso de peso. El perfil lipídico estaba alterado en buena parte de la población estudiada. En base a tales hallazgos, resulta necesaria la formulación de estrategias de prevención para los adolescentes, apuntando a la promoción de estilos de vida saludables, incluyendo dietas de baja densidad energética e incremento de la actividad física (AU).

The objective of this study was to investigate risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in adolescents in the city of Picos, in the state of Piauí, Brazil. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 151 adolescents. Data were collected from August to October of 2013 in private schools. The results showed that there are variations in blood pressure of 8.6% and 14.8% in men and women, respectively, with values from 90% to 95%, classifying as bordering high. The majority of the sample presented overweight. The lipid profile of the majority of the population studied was altered. Based on these facts, the development of prevention strategies for adolescents is necessary, aiming to promote healthy lifestyles, such as low-calorie diets and increase of physical activity (AU).

Association between fat mass index and fat-free mass index values and cardiovascular risk in adolescents / Associação entre índice de massa de gordura e índice de massa livre de gordura e risco cardiovascular em adolescentes

To describe the association between fat mass index and fat-free mass index values and factors associated with cardiovascular risk in adolescents in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. Methods: Cross-sectional study was with 403 adolescents aged 10–14 years, from public and private schools. Anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical measurements were obtained, as well as self-reported time spent performing physical exercises, sedentary activities and sexual maturation stage. Results: Regarding the nutritional status, 66.5% of the adolescents had normal weight, 19.9% were overweight and 10.2% were obese. For both genders, the fat mass index was higher in adolescents who had high serum triglycerides, body mass index and waist circumference. Conclusions: Adolescents who had anthropometric, clinical and biochemical characteristics considered to be at risk for the development of cardiovascular disease had higher values of fat mass index. Different methodologies for the assessment of body composition make health promotion and disease prevention more effective.

Descrever a relação entre valores de índice de massa de gordura e índice de massa livre de gordura e fatores associados a risco cardiovascular em adolescentes de Juiz de Fora (MG). Métodos: Estudo transversal feito com 403 adolescentes de 10-14 anos, de escolas públicas e privadas. Avaliaram-se medidas antropométricas, clínicas, bioquímicas, autorrelato do tempo dedicado ao exercício físico, atividades sedentárias e estágio de maturação sexual. Resultados: Quanto ao estado nutricional, 66,5% dos adolescentes estavam eutróficos, 19,9% com sobrepeso e 10,2% obesos. Para ambos os sexos, o índice de massa de gordura foi maior nos adolescentes que estavam com triglicerídeos séricos, índice de massa corporal e circunferência da cintura elevados. Conclusões: Os adolescentes que tinham características antropométricas, clínicas e bioquímicas consideradas de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares apresentaram maiores valores do índice de massa de gordura. Metodologias diferenciadas para avaliação da composição corporal tornam a promoção da saúde e a prevenção de agravos futuros mais eficazes.

Survey on exercise and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in convalescents of Military sanatorium / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective: To study relationship between exercise and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Methods: A total of 750 military cadres retired or on the job, who received convalescence therapy in Guangzhou sanatorium, were enrolled as survey subjects, and divided into exercise group（488 cases）, and no- exercise group （262 cases）. The cardiovascular risk factors such as blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose（FBS）, total cholesterol （TC）, triglyceride （TG）and uric acid were measured. Questionnaires were used to survey mode of exercise, exercise frequency, exercise duration each time and total exercise time in a day. Results: 1. In no-exercise group, levels of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, BMI, FBS, TC and TG were significantly higher than those of exercise group (P60min in a day was significantly lower than that of those with ≤60min (29.41% vs. 45.59%), in subjects whose exercise intensity with RPE（Borg rating of perceived exertion scale）11~15 was significantly lower than that of with RPE 60min/d, Borg rating of perceived exertion scale 11~15, exercise frequency ≥3 times/week and long time persistence are conduce to decrease risk of cardiovascular diseases in middle-aged and aged persons.

Effects of Long-term Tai Ji Exercise on Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases and Incidence of Chronic Disease / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To explore the effects of long-term Tai Ji exercise on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and incidence of chronic diseases. Methods The elderly involved were divided into control group (n=62) and Tai Ji group (n=63). Both of them received 2-years health education. The Tai Ji group exercised with the frequency of 30~40 minutes each time, 3 times a week, while the control group didn't change their daily behavior. They were observed 2 and 6 years later. Results 2 years later, the blood pressure, weight and waistline decreased in Tai Ji group compared with the control group (P<0.05). After 6 years followed, 1 people died and 4 people occured cardiovascular diseases in Tai Ji group, while 2 people died and 12 people occured cardiovascular diseases in the control group. The incidence of chronic diseases was lower in Tai Ji group (9.52%) than in the control group (33.87%) (P<0.01). And the blood pressure, waistline, and hipline in Tai Ji group decreased significantly compared with the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion Long-term Tai Ji Exercise can ameliorate the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and reduce the incidence of chronic diseases.